​​《论语·第十八章》微子篇 -英语翻译教程-中英双语赏析

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微子去之，箕子为之奴，比干谏而死。孔子曰：“殷有三仁焉。”

The lord of Wei fled from the tyrant of Yin, the lord of Ji became the tyrant’s slave, and Bi Gan was slain for his remonstrances. Confucius said, “The Yin dynasty had three men of virtue.”

🎈原文中的「之」，指代的是商纣王，the tyrant of Yin

🎈仁人，men of virtue。类似的表达结构有：文人，men of letters

柳下惠为士师，三黜。人曰：“子未可以去乎？”曰：“直道而事人，焉往而不三黜？枉道而事人，何必去父母之邦？”

Liuxia Hui was thrice dismissed from his post of chief judge. Someone said, “Is it not better to leave the state of Lu?” Hui said, “If I continue to serve men in an honest way, how could I not be dismissed thrice more? If I choose to serve in a crooked way, why should I leave the state of my parents?”

🎈柳下惠为士师，三黜。这句话在翻译时进行重新整合，通过be dismissed from+职位将两个分句整合到一起。

🎈直道而事人，焉往而不三黜？即（如果）直道而事人，（那么）焉往而不三黜？因此翻译时用if引出“直道而事人”。

齐景公待孔子曰：“若季氏，则吾不能。”以季、孟之间待之，曰：“吾老矣，不能用也。”孔子行。

Duke Jing of the state of Qi said of the treatment of Confucius,“I cannot treat him as the chief of the Ji family, but between the chiefs of Ji and Meng.” Seeing Confucius, he said, “I am old and have no use for you.” Confucius left the state of Qi.

🎈若季氏，则吾不能。结合上文语境，实际上是指（待孔子）若季氏，因此译为treat him as the chief of the Ji family

齐人归女乐，季桓子受之，三日不朝，孔子行。”

The state of Qi sent to Lu a band of musicians and songstresses. Ji Huan Zi accepted them, and no court was held for three days. Confucius left the state of Lu.

🎈三日不朝，这个分句在翻译时许转换为被动语态，以court为主语

楚狂接舆歌而过孔子曰：“凤兮凤兮，何德之衰？往者不可谏，来者犹可追。已而已而，今之从政者殆而！”孔子下，欲与之言，趋而辟之，不得与之言。

A hermit of Chu passed by the carriage of Confucius and sang,“Oh, phoenix, oh phoenix, How unfortunate you are! The past cannot be repaired, But the future can be remedied. Done with it! Done with it! What can be done with the government?” Confucius descended from his carriage in order to speak with the hermit, who hastened away so as to avoid talking with him.

🎈这句话译文注意语气的处理。已而已而，Done with it! Done with it! 译文两个感叹号译出了无可奈何的语气。同样也注意感受一下译文——今之从政者殆而！What can be done with the government?

长沮、桀溺耦而耕，孔子过之，使子路问津焉。长沮曰：“夫执舆者为谁？”子路曰：“为孔丘。”曰：“是鲁孔丘与？”曰：“是也。”曰：“是知津矣。”问于桀溺，桀溺曰：“子为谁？”曰：“为仲由。”曰：“是鲁孔丘之徒与？”对曰：“然。”曰：“滔滔者天下皆是也，而谁以易之？且而与其从辟人之士也，岂若从辟世之士哉？”耰而不辍。子路行以告，夫子怃然曰：“鸟兽不可与同群，吾非斯人之徒与而谁与？天下有道，丘不与易也。”

Two riverside men were ploughing the field when Confucius passed by and sent Zi Lu to ask where the river could be forded. The first riverside man said, “Who is the man holding the reins in the carriage?” Zi Lu said,“It is Confucius.” “Is it Confucius of the state of Lu?” “Yes, it is he.”“Then he should have known where the ford is.” Zi Lu asked the second riverside man, who said, “Who are you?” “I am Zi Lu.” “Are you not the follower of Confucius of Lu?” “Yes.” “The world is overwhelmed with a flood of bad men. Who could stem it? Would it not be better to withdraw from the world than from the flood?”He went on covering the seed. On hearing the report of Zi Lu, the Master said with a sigh, “Unable to get along with birds and beasts, with whom could I get along if not with men? If nothing is wrong with the world, what should I be busy about?”

🎈问津，即问渡口在哪里，换个说法，即询问哪里可以渡河，许译处理为ask where the river could be forded。

🎈执舆者，处理为【the man+非谓语作后置定语】的结构，即the man holding the reins in the carriage

🎈滔滔者天下皆是也，调整语序为：天下皆是滔滔者也。故译为the world is overwhelmed with…

🎈且而与其从辟人之士也，岂若从辟世之士哉？这句话在翻译时可以进行简化，即：与其辟人，不如辟世。其中，翻译时还可以合并同类项“辟”，因此有Would it not be better to withdraw from the world than from the flood?

子路从而后，遇丈人，以杖荷蓧。子路问曰：“子见夫子乎？”丈人曰：“四体不勤，五谷不分，孰为夫子？”植其杖而芸，子路拱而立。止子路宿，杀鸡为黍而食之，见其二子焉。明日，子路行以告，子曰：“隐者也。”使子路反见之，至则行矣。子路曰：“不仕无义。长幼之节不可废也，君臣之义如之何其废之？欲洁其身而乱大伦。君子之仕也，行其义也，道之不行已知之矣。”

Zi Lu lagged behind the Master on the way when he met with an old man shouldering a staff and a weeder. Zi Lu asked, “Have you seen my master?” The old man said, “Unable to toil with four limbs and to choose from among five grains for seeding, how can you ask me to tell who your master is?” Then he planted his staff on the ground and began to weed. Zi Lu stood respectfully by the roadside. The old man kept him for the night, killed a fowl and prepared millet for the supper, and introduced him to to his two sons. Next day, Zi Lu pursued his way, overtook his master and told him all. The Master said, “He is a recluse.” He told Zi Lu to call on the old man again. But when Zi Lu got there, the old man was already gone. Zi Lu said, “It is not right to refuse to serve one’s country. If the relation between old and young cannot be neglected, how could that between sovereign and subjects? How could personal purity be maintained if social relationship should be subverted? If a cultured man serves his state, he is only doing his duty, though he knows he cannot put his principles into practice.”

🎈遇丈人，以杖荷蓧。翻译时，“以杖荷蓧”处理为非谓(shouldering a staff and a weeder)，修饰“丈人”(a man)，即a man shouldering a staff and a weeder

🎈不仕无义。It is not right to refuse to serve one’s country. 中文先事实后评价，英文先评价后事实

🎈译文中，If the relation between old and young cannot be neglected, how could that between sovereign and subjects? 这里的that指代的是the relation，通过代词来避免与前文重复，使译文更加精简。

逸民：伯夷、叔齐、虞仲、夷逸、朱张、柳下惠、少连。子曰：“不降其志，不辱其身，伯夷、叔齐与！”谓：“柳下惠、少连降志辱身矣，言中伦，行中虑，其斯而已矣。”谓：“虞仲、夷逸隐居放言，身中清，废中权。我则异于是，无可无不可。”

The following good men who would not serve the state: Bo Yi, Shu Qi, Yu Zhong, Yi Yi, Zhu Zhang, Liuxia Hui, Shao Lian. The Master said, “Bo Yi and Shu Qi would not surrender mentally and physically. Liuxia Hui and Shao Lian would, but they were reasonable and prudent in words and in deeds, but that is all. Yu Zhong and Yi Yi were free of speech in seclusion, pure in action and tactful in retirement. As for me, I am different from them. There is nothing I must do, nor anything I must not.”

🎈不降其志，不辱其身。「其志」「其身」在原文中是名词形式，转换为英文mentally, physically，副词形式，表示在这两个方面。类似的例子有：身心健康，physically and mentally healthy，身心是名词，转换为英文中的副词physically, mentally，表示在这两个方面。

🎈言中伦，行中虑。即在言、行方面保持伦、虑，be reasonable and prudent in words and in deeds

太师挚适齐，亚饭干适楚，三饭缭适蔡，四饭缺适秦，鼓方叔入于河，播鼗武入于汉，少师阳、击磬襄入于海。

Zhi, chief musician, went to Qi; Gan, musician of the second meal, went to Chu; Liao, musician of the third meal, went to Cai; Que, musician of the fourth meal, went to Qin; Fang Shu, drummer, went to the riverside; Wu, hand-drummer, went to River Huai; Yang, assistant master, and Xiang, chime-player, went to the seaside. (None of them would stay in the state of Lu.)

🎈太师挚，Zhi, chief musician；亚饭干，Gan, musician of the second meal。都是译为【名字+身份（同位语）】，下文的三饭缭、四饭缺、鼓方叔、播鼗武、少师阳、击磬襄也都是如此译法。

🎈译文末尾通过括号增译了 (None of them would stay in the state of Lu.)，点明前面一大段阐述的意思。

周公谓鲁公曰：“君子不施其亲，不使大臣怨乎不以，故旧无大故则不弃也，无求备于一人。”

The Duke of Zhou told his son,“A good ruler should not neglect his kinsmen, nor let his ministers complain of distrust. He should not dismiss his old relations from their offices without grave cause. He should not expect one man to be capable of everything.”

🎈不……不…… should not do something, nor do something

🎈故旧无大故则不弃也，这个分句的动词是“不弃”。那“不弃”的宾语是什么呢？“旧”。“不弃旧”的条件是什么呢？“无大故”。这样多问自己几个问题，就可以理出原文的逻辑关系，在翻译时则更加清晰。

周有八士：伯达、伯适、仲突、仲忽、叔夜、叔夏、季随、季騧。

The Zhou dynasty had eight men of virtue: eldest brothers Da and Kuo, elder brothers Tu and Hu, younger brothers Ye and Xia, youngest brothers Sui and Gua.

🎈重点表达

商纣王the tyrant of Yin

仁人men of virtue

谏remonstrance(s)

黜be dismissed from+职位

直/枉道而事人serve men in an/a honest/crooked way

耕plough the field

执舆者a man holding the reins in the carriage

四体不勤，五谷不分unable to toil with four limbs and choose from five grains for seeding

言中伦，行中虑be reasonable and prudent in words and in deeds

不降其志，不辱其身not surrender mentally and physically

未经允许不得转载：帕布莉卡 » ​​《论语·第十八章》微子篇 -英语翻译教程-中英双语赏析