丰子恺《闲居》 -英语翻译教程-中英双语赏析

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闲居

丰子恺

 

闲居,在生活上人都说是不幸的,但在情趣上我觉得是最快适的了。假如国民政府新定一条法律:“闲居必须整天禁锢在自己的房间里”,我也不愿出去干事,宁可闲居而被禁锢。

 

在房间里很可以自由取乐;如果把房间当作一幅画看的时候,其布置就如画的“置陈”了。譬如书房,主人的座位为全局的主眼,犹之一幅画中的 middle point,须居全幅中最重要的地位。其他自书架,几,椅,藤床,火炉,壁饰,自鸣钟,以至痰盂,纸簏等,各以主眼为中心而布置,使全局的焦点集中于主人的座位,犹之画中的附属物、背景,均须有护卫主物,显衬主物的作用。这样妥帖之后,人在里面,精神自然安定,集中,而快适。这是谁都懂得,谁都可以自由取乐的事。虽然有的人不讲究自己的房间的布置,然走进一间布置很妥帖的房间,一定谁也觉得快适。这可见人都会鉴赏,就是被动的创作,故可说这是谁也懂得,谁也可以自由取乐的事。

 

我在贫乏而粗末的自己的书房里,常常欢喜作这个玩意儿,把几件粗陋的家具搬来搬去,一月中总要搬数回。搬到痰盂不能移动一寸,脸盆架子不能旋转一度的时候,便有很妥帖的位置出现了,那时候我自己坐在主眼的座上,环视上下四周,君临一切。觉得一切都朝宗于我,一切都为我尽其职司,如百官之朝天,众星之拱北辰。就是墙上一只很小的钉,望去也似乎居相当的位置,对全体为有机的一员,对我尽专任的职司。我统御这个天下,想象南面王的气概,得到几天的快适。

 

有一次我闲居在自己的房间里,曾经对自鸣钟寻了一回开心。自鸣钟这个东西,在都会里差不多可说是无处不有,无人不备的了。然而它这张脸皮,我看惯了真讨厌得很。罗马字的还算好看;我房间里的一只,又是粗大的数学码子的。数学的九个字,我见了最头痛,谁愿意每天做数学呢!有一天,大概是闲日月中的闲日,我就从墙壁上请它下来,拿油画颜料把它的脸皮涂成天蓝色,在上面画几根绿的杨柳枝,又用硬的黑纸剪成两只飞燕,用浆糊黏住在两只针的尖头上。这样一来,就变成了两只燕子飞逐在杨柳中间的一幅圆额的油画了。凡在三点二十几分,八点三十几分等时候,画的构图就非常妥帖,因为两只飞燕适在全幅中稍偏的位置,而且追随在一块,画面就保住均衡了。辨识时间,没有数目字也是很容易的:针向上垂直为十二时,向下垂直为六时,向左水平为九时,向右水平为三时。这就是把圆周分为四个quarter,是肉眼也很容易办到的事。一个quarter里面平分为三格,就得长针五分钟的距离了,虽不十分容易正确,然相差至多不过一两分钟,只要不是天文台、电报局或火车站里,人家家里上下一两分钟本来是不要紧的。倘眼睛锐利一点,看惯之后,其实半分钟也是可以分明辨出的。这自鸣钟现在还挂在我的房间里,虽然惯用之后不甚新颖了,然终不觉得讨厌,因为它在壁上不是显明的实用的一只自鸣钟,而可以冒充一幅油画。

 

除了空间以外,闲居的时候我又欢喜把一天的生活的情调来比方音乐。如果把一天的生活当作一个乐曲,其经过就像乐章(movement)的移行了。一天的早晨,晴雨如何?冷暖如何?人事的情形如何?犹之第一乐章的开始,先已奏出全曲的根柢的“主题”(theme)。一天的生活,例如事务的纷忙,意外的发生,祸福的临门,犹如曲中的长音阶变为短音阶的,C调变为F调, adagio变为allegro。其或画永人闲,平安无事,那就像始终C调的andante的长大的乐章了。以气候而论,春日是孟檀尔伸(门德尔松)(Mendelssohn), 夏日是贝多芬(Beethoven),秋日是肖邦(Chopin)、舒曼(Schumann),冬日是修斐尔德(舒伯特)(Schubert )。这也是谁也可以感到,谁也可以懂得的事。试看无论甚么机关里,团体里,做无论甚么事务的人,在阴雨的天气,办事—定不及在晴天的起劲、高兴、积极。如果有不论天气,天天照常办事的人,这一定不是人,是一架机器。只要看挑到我们后门头来卖臭豆腐干的江北人, 近来秋雨连日,他的叫声自然懒洋洋地低钝起来,远不如一月以前的炎阳下的“臭豆腐干!”的热辣了。

图片

闲居

丰子恺

Idle Living

—By Feng Zikai

 

闲居,在生活上人都说是不幸的,但在情趣上我觉得是最快适的了。

For most people idleness is a misfortune, but I find leisure hours comfortable and much to my liking.

🎈称某人的心意/合某人的胃口 to one’s liking

例句

最后,丈夫建议要她和另一个男人的妻子对调,可是她不<喜欢>那个男子,于是写信给安澜德,问她该怎么办。

Then it happened that she refused to go to bed with a man chosen by her husband because he was not to her liking. She then wrote to Landers for advice. 每日一翻Day306 | 美国的男女

🎈「闲居」在原句中只出现一次,考虑到对原意的正确理解,译文中有两处对应,分别是idleness(生活上的闲散或懒惰)和leisure time(情趣或精神上的悠哉)。对大多数人来说,生活就是以劳得获,美好要靠自己打拼,一旦松懈下来,后果可想而知;但又有谁不喜欢享受玩一把悠闲的情趣呢?


 

假如国民政府新定一条法律:“闲居必须整天禁锢在自己的房间里”,我也不愿出去干事,宁可闲居而被禁锢。

If the government were to lay down a law that people who prefer to stay idle must stay at home all day, I would be happy to comply with such a law and never go to work.

🎈制定,颁布 lay down

例句

The Companies Act lays down a set of minimum requirements.

《公司法》规定了一系列最低标准。

🎈遵守(法律等) comply with

例句

All the citizens must comply with the law.

所有公民都必须遵守法律。

🎈「国民政府」只译出政府government之意是可以的,这句话旨在说明即便官方部门规定了闲居者必须付出不能出门的代价,作者也乐得选择闲居,「国民」这一透露年代信息(中华民国)的字眼,并不是重点。


 

在房间里很可以自由取乐;如果把房间当作一幅画看的时候,其布置就如画的“置陈”了。

At home, I can amuse myself as I please. If a room can be viewed as a painting, the arrangement of the objects in the room is the composition of a painting.

🎈as I please理解成方式状语:以我喜欢的方式。「自由取乐」就是「想怎么取乐就怎么取乐」

例句

You may stay as long as you please.

你想待多久就待多久。

She always does exactly as she pleases.

她总是我行我素。

You can come and go as you please.

你来去自如。

🎈把…视作… view…as…

🎈「布置」也可用layout一词表示,指建筑、公园或者文章的构成或布局(细节安排)The layout of a garden, building, or piece of writing is the way in which the parts of it are arranged.


 

譬如书房,主人的座位为全局的主眼,犹之一幅画中的 middle point,须居全幅中最重要的地位。

Take the study for instance. The Master’s chair should be the centerpiece of the room just like the middle point of a painting which occupies the central place.

🎈centerpiece兼有中心、核心之意,也指最重要的环节、项目、物品。

🎈以…为例 take…for instance


 

其他自书架,几,椅,藤床,火炉,壁饰,自鸣钟,以至痰盂,纸簏等,各以主眼为中心而布置,使全局的焦点集中于主人的座位,犹之画中的附属物、背景,均须有护卫主物,显衬主物的作用。

The other articles, such as the bookshelf, the tea table, the chairs, the rattan bed, the fireplace, the wall ornaments, the chime clock, the spittoon, the wastepaper basket and the like, should be arranged around this centerpiece so that the focus of the room is captured by the Master’s seat, just as the theme of a painting is set off and protected by the secondary objects and background.

🎈article除去最熟知的「文章」释义,也指物件、物品(尤指整套中的一件)

例句

toilet articles such as soap and shampoo

诸如肥皂和洗发剂之类的梳妆用品。

🎈纸簏(zhǐ lù):(废)纸篓。

🎈等等、诸如此类 and the like

例句

Many students are also keeping fit through jogging, aerobics, weight training, and the like.

很多学生还通过慢跑、有氧体操、负重训练等方式来健身。

像…这样的人或东西 the likes of

例句

Why would somebody like her want to spend an evening with the likes of me?

像她那样的人为什么要跟我这样的人共度一个晚上呢?

whatnot也可以表示「这一类的东西;诸如此类的东西」

例句

The council can send messages or letters or whatnot in Spanish to their constituents.

地方议会可以用西班牙文给其选民寄送通知、信件等类似的东西。

🎈衬托 set off

例句

Blue suits you, sets off the colour of your hair.

蓝色很适合你,能衬托出你的发色。


 

这样妥帖之后,人在里面,精神自然安定,集中,而快适。这是谁都懂得,谁都可以自由取乐的事。

Once the arrangement is properly settled, the Master naturally feels calm, focused, and delighted. Evidently this is something we all can understand and something that brings us comfort.

🎈(陈设/布置)(被)这样(安排)妥帖之后,人在里面,精神自然安定,集中,而快适。里其实出现了三个主语布置、主人、精神,这是中文的特点,对某一情景的描述虽形散而神不散,英文处理成sb feels…,省去「精神」这个主语避免另开一句,符合英文特点。

🎈快适的≈愉悦的 delighted/pleased/joyful/glad/cheerful,选用comfortable一词也是可以的。

🎈两个定语从句结构:something (that) we all can understand、something that brings us comfort。当先行词是不定代词时,关系代词只能用that;以及,英语里有这样的习惯:作宾语的关系词可以省去,不论关系词作动词的宾语还是作介词的宾语都可以省去。


 

虽然有的人不讲究自己的房间的布置,然走进一间布置很妥帖的房间,一定谁也觉得快适。这可见人都会鉴赏,就是被动的创作,故可说这是谁也懂得,谁也可以自由取乐的事。

People may not think it matters, but when they walk into a tastefully furnished room, they immediately get the feel of a cozy and pleasant ambience. Plainly, everyone can be a connoisseur in this kind of passive creation.

🎈不讲究自己的房间的布置→不在乎自己房间布置/认为自己的房间布置不重要,故译作not think it matters。常用表达:这不重要it doesn’t matter、重要的事情what matters。

🎈feel作单数名词,指「对某物或某地的总体印象,感觉」

逐渐熟悉… get the feel of…

例句

He wanted to get the feel of the place.

他想熟悉一下这个地方。


 

我在贫乏而粗末的自己的书房里,常常欢喜作这个玩意儿,把几件粗陋的家具搬来搬去,一月中总要搬数回。

In my poor and humble study, I like doing something creative from time to time, moving my few simple articles of furniture here and there, often several times a month.

🎈粗末实则是日文,指粗糙、不精致。humble可指建筑简陋;还可用于自谦,指愚见(in my humble opinion)

🎈from time to time更倾向于「有时、偶尔」,虽然原句写的是「常常」,但细想,「挪家具」的频率用「不时」来形容比「经常」更准确合理。

🎈到处,处处 here and there

例句

北平的好处不在处处设备得完全,而在它处处有空儿,可以使我自由的喘气。However, what distinguishes Peiping is not the perfect layout, but the open spaces here and there where people can breathe freely. 每日一翻Day182 | 想北平


 

搬到痰盂不能移动一寸,脸盆架子不能旋转一度的时候,便有很妥帖的位置出现了,那时候我自己坐在主眼的座上,环视上下四周,君临一切。

When I position the spittoon and the washstand in the exact places I want them to be, not an inch less, and not an inch more, I feel that everything has found its perfect spot. Upon completion, I would take my seat and gaze all around like a monarch ruling his land.

🎈「不能移动一寸、不能旋转一度」都是在说明「位置恰到好处」,也就是我们常说的「多一分嫌多,少一分嫌少」,not an inch less, and not an inch more的译文很精准也很形象。

🎈(一到)那时候实则指(一旦)布置完成、一切安排妥贴,译作Upon completion。


 

觉得一切都朝宗于我,一切都为我尽其职司,如百官之朝天,众星之拱北辰。

I feel that all must pay their respects to me and fulfill their duties like courtiers kowtowing to the emperor or like stars surrounding the North Star.

🎈朝宗:古代诸侯春、夏朝见天子。后泛称臣下朝见帝王。

🎈百官之朝天:百官朝见天子。courtier尤指旧时廷臣。

🎈众星之拱北辰:众星围绕着北极星,可参考众星拱月。(北极星是天空北部的一颗亮星,几乎正对着地轴,从地球北半球上看,它的位置几乎不变,可以靠它来辨别方向。)


 

就是墙上一只很小的钉,望去也似乎居相当的位置,对全体为有机的一员,对我尽专任的职司。

Even a tiny nail on the wall seems to be in its proper place; it has become a member of the organic whole and shows its fealty to me.

🎈有机(organic)可以指事物构成的各部分相互关联协调,具有不可分的统一性。有机整体(the organic whole)的状态/组合中,艺术要素——主题、形式和内容等是那样充满活力和相互依赖,以致它们像是活生生的有机体。

🎈效忠… show one’s fealty to sb.

宣誓效忠swear fealty to sb.


 

我统御这个天下,想象南面王的气概,得到几天的快适。

After visualizing myself as emperor and the ruler of this world, I can derive a few days’ pleasure and comfort.

🎈南面王:最高统治者。

🎈derive指「获得、得到」时是及物动词,常用搭配为derive A from B(从B中获取A)。亦可指起源于、来自于derive from…/be derived from


 

有一次我闲居在自己的房间里,曾经对自鸣钟寻了一回开心。

I once played with my chime clock when I had nothing else to do at home.

🎈此句中的“闲居”又被赋予了一点确切的含义,“闲居在自己的房间里”理解成“呆在房里没事儿干”。

 


自鸣钟这个东西,在都会里差不多可说是无处不有,无人不备的了。然而它这张脸皮,我看惯了真讨厌得很。

Such clocks are very common and can be found in almost every home in the city, but the face of my clock, which I saw so many times every day, had become loathsome to me.

🎈无处不有→很常见/很平常very common

🎈无人不备→家家户户都有be found in almost every home in the city

🎈钟的脸皮即指钟面(clock face或clock dial)。face本身也可指钟面、表盘。

🎈后缀-some表形容词,意为「充满的、具有倾向的」

frolicsome a 快活的(frolic嬉戏)

meddlesome爱管闲事的(meddle干涉)

 


 

罗马字的还算好看;我房间里的一只,又是粗大的数学码子的。数学的九个字,我见了最头痛,谁愿意每天做数学呢!

A clock with Roman numerals is tolerable, but mine had a face that was painted with large Arabic numerals. Numbers are a headache for me, for who wants to do math problems all the time?

🎈「还算好看」并非好看,而是勉强能看,译作tolerable(还可忍受)

🎈阿拉伯数字arabic numerals

罗马数字roman numerals

🎈mine=my+ clock。名词性物主代词= 形容词性物主代词+ 名词。

🎈headache指头痛,可引申喻指使人头痛的事、棘手的事、难题。

🎈谁愿意每天做数学呢!译作 for who wants to do math problems all the time?其中for做连词,后接句子表原因。这句也可译成after all, who wants to…或nobody wants to…


 

有一天,大概是闲日月中的闲日,我就从墙壁上请它下来,拿油画颜料把它的脸皮涂成天蓝色,在上面画几根绿的杨柳枝,又用硬的黑纸剪成两只飞燕,用浆糊黏住在两只针的尖头上。

One day in a slack month, I took the clock off the wall, painted its face azure with oil colors, and drew a few green willow twigs over it. I then cut out two swallows from stiff black paper and pasted them onto the tips of the hands.

🎈淡季 slack/dull/off season

旺季 peak/boom/busy season

🎈paint sth+颜色词

加明确的颜色的话,不用介词

We will paint/color the circle blue.

如果是泛指的颜色,可以用with

I painted the kitchen with another color/tone.

🎈指针 hands of a clock/watch

时针 hour hand

分针 minute hand

秒针 second hand


 

这样一来,就变成了两只燕子飞逐在杨柳中间的一幅圆额的油画了。

In this way the chime clock became a circular oil painting, with two swallows chasing each other among the willow twigs.

🎈圆额的油画意为圆形油画

🎈with two swallows chasing each other among the willow twigs结构也可改为in which two swallows chase each other…


 

凡在三点二十几分,八点三十几分等时候,画的构图就非常妥帖,因为两只飞燕适在全幅中稍偏的位置,而且追随在一块,画面就保住均衡了。

At around 3:20 or 8:30 each day, the composition of the picture approached perfection, with the two flying swallows slightly slanted to the center of the picture and one swallow closely following the other, giving the tableau a perfect balance.

🎈世上难有完美事,approached perfection已经是非常妥帖的一种很精准的paraphrase了。


 

辨识时间,没有数目字也是很容易的:针向上垂直为十二时,向下垂直为六时,向左水平为九时,向右水平为三时。

Even without the help of the Arabic numerals, I could still tell the time without difficulty. When the hour hand points upward, it is twelve; when downward, it is six; when pointing to the left, it is nine; and when to the right, it is three.

🎈轻易辨识时间tell the time without difficulty/tell the time easily

🎈句中when后成分涉及省略(前文出现的相同结构)现象。

 


这就是把圆周分为四个quarter,是肉眼也很容易办到的事。

That is to say that the circumference of the circle is divided into four quarters which can be easily done by the naked eye.

🎈「是肉眼也很容易办到的事」不妨理解成「是很容易想象的事」which can be done easily done in our mind /only through imaging


 

一个quarter里面平分为三格,就得长针五分钟的距离了,虽不十分容易正确,然相差至多不过一两分钟,只要不是天文台、电报局或火车站里,人家家里上下一两分钟本来是不要紧的。

Each quarter is divided into three equal gaps, and each space takes the minute hand five minutes to cover. Though the time may not be exact, with only a minute or two off at the most, it doesn’t really matter. After all, that is not a clock meant for the observatory, the telegraph office, or the train station.

 

🎈with a minute or two off中off表示脱离正轨之意,整体即表示上下相差一两分钟(可多可少)

🎈这句译时对意群进行了重组:把“只要不是天文台、电报局或火车站里”作为理由,拎出来单独成句额外说明。


 

倘眼睛锐利一点,看惯之后,其实半分钟也是可以分明辨出的。

If one’s eyes are keen enough, even half a minute is discernible thanks to years of conditioning.

🎈眼神锐利有时也用sharp一词。

🎈conditioning不可数,意为训练

例句

Is personality the result of conditioning from parents and society, or are we born with it?

个性是受父母和社会薰陶的结果,还是我们生而有之?


 

这自鸣钟现在还挂在我的房间里,虽然惯用之后不甚新颖了,然终不觉得讨厌,因为它在壁上不是显明的实用的一只自鸣钟,而可以冒充一幅油画。

The chime clock still hangs in my room. Though it shows signs of years of service, I still find it lovable because at first glance one could take it for an oil painting rather than a functioning chime clock.

🎈惯用之后不甚新颖→用了数年不再崭新

shows signs of years of service

 

🎈把…认作/当作… take…for…

例句

They take me for a dun.

他们以为讨债的来了。


 

除了空间以外,闲居的时候我又欢喜把一天的生活的情调来比方音乐。

Apart from my fun with space, I would often compare my idle days to music.

Q:用compare with还是compare to?

🎈Compare to可以广义地定义为「估计事物之间的相似性或者是差异」,在这种意义上,使用哪个介词都可以。

例句

Individual schools compared their facilities with those of others in the area.

私立学校将其设施与该地区其他学校的设施进行比较。

It is difficult to compare our results to studies conducted in the United States.

很难将我们的研究成果与在美国进行的研究成果相比较。

然而,当compare被用来表示一件事物与另一件事相似,或者在两件不同事情之间进行类比时,必须使用to。


 

如果把一天的生活当作一个乐曲,其经过就像乐章(movement)的移行了。

If life in a day is likened to a symphony, the course of life resembles the progression of its movements.

🎈把A比作B   liken A to B

例句

关于这事,我常自比为古时的皇帝,而把插在架上的书譬诸列屋而居的宫女。

This often prompts me to liken myself and the books on my shelves respectively to an ancient emperor and his concubines housed separately in a row of adjoining rooms.

每日一翻Day115| 我之于书(上)

🎈积累常用词汇resemble(与…相似)

例句

地上是烂糟糟的泥。它卧在那里,老远一看,真像是大块的毛姜。

Lying on the muddy ground, they resembled huge artichokes when looked at from afar. 每日一翻Day302 | 骆驼


 

一天的早晨,晴雨如何?冷暖如何?人事的情形如何?犹之第一乐章的开始,先已奏出全曲的根柢的“主题”(theme)

Whether rain or shine, warm or cold, happy or sad, the morning is, so to speak, the start of the first movement: it introduces the underlying theme of the daily symphony.

🎈晴雨如何?→天气;冷暖如何?→温度;人事的情形如何?→人的情绪。

🎈打个譬喻说,可以说 so to speak

例句

They were all very similar. All cut from the same cloth, so to speak.

他们都十分相像。可以说就跟一块布上剪下来似的。


 

一天的生活,例如事务的纷忙,意外的发生,祸福的临门,犹如曲中的长音阶变为短音阶的,C调变为F调, adagio变为allegro。其或画永人闲,平安无事,那就像始终C调的andante的长大的乐章了。

A day’s life, whether it is the rush of work, unexpected events, or the descent of misfortunes and blessings, is like the long scale running on to the short scales, the key of C changing into the key of F, adagio moving to allegro. The life of an idle and peaceful day resembles a grand symphony playing an andante in the key of C major from start to finish.

🎈音乐类词汇

交响乐,交响曲symphony

乐章movement

主题theme

长/短音阶the long/short scale

C/F调the key of C/F

慢板(乐章)adagio

快板(乐章)allegro

行板andante


以气候而论,春日是孟檀尔伸(门德尔松)(Mendelssohn), 夏日是贝多芬(Beethoven),秋日是肖邦(Chopin)、舒曼(Schumann),冬日是修斐尔德(舒伯特)(Schubert )。这也是谁也可以感到,谁也可以懂得的事。

In terms of the climate, spring is like Mendelssohn, summer like Beethoven, autumn like Chopin and Schumann, and winter like Schubert. This is a life experience that anyone can go through and understand.

🎈谈及…,就…而言,在…方面 in terms of…/in…terms

例句

The decision was disastrous in political terms.

从政治上来看,这个决定是灾难性的。


试看无论甚么机关里,团体里,做无论甚么事务的人,在阴雨的天气,办事—定不及在晴天的起劲、高兴、积极。

You can well imagine that for anyone, whether a government employee or an office worker in an organization, a wet day would make him less enthusiastic, happy or active than what he is on a sunny day, no matter what he does.

🎈季节性情感障碍SAD(seasonal affective disorder):是以与特定季节(特别是冬季)有关的抑郁为特征的一种心境障碍,是每年同一时间反复出现抑郁发作为特征的一组疾患。这种抑郁症与白天的长短,或环境光亮程度有关。


 

如果有不论天气,天天照常办事的人,这一定不是人,是一架机器。

If there were anyone who would work as hard as usual, impervious to the weather, he cannot be human but rather a robot.

🎈 (being) impervious to the weather作状语,有人也称之为主语补足语,用于补充说明主语。


 

只要看挑到我们后门头来卖臭豆腐干的江北人,近来秋雨连日,他的叫声自然懒洋洋地低钝起来,远不如一月以前的炎阳下的“臭豆腐干!”的热辣了。

Just listen to the peddler from north of the Yangtze River hawking his fried stinky bean curd in the back street! You will notice that his cries have grown blunt and listless in the interminable autumn drizzle, no longer as loud and spirited as they were in last month’s blazing hot sun.

🎈这句话是上一句的论据支撑,相当于举例说明,例子就是“挑到我们后门头来卖臭豆腐干的江北人”。所以处理成Just listen to…(就拿…来说/不妨说说…),比起字对字的直译,句意衔接效果更佳。

 

 

🔥必背词汇

idle  无事可做的,闲散的

英义

If people who were working are idle, they have no jobs or work.

例句

Employees have been idle almost a month because of shortages.

由于原料短缺,员工们已将近一个月无事可做。

 

comply 服从,遵守

英义

If someone or something complies with an order or set of rules, they are in accordance with what is required or expected.

例句

The commander said that the army would comply with the ceasefire.

指挥官说军队会遵守停火协议。

 

secondary 第二位的,次要的,从属的

英义

If you describe something as secondary, you mean that it is less important than something else.

例句

The street erupted in a huge explosion, with secondary explosions in the adjoining buildings.

街上发生了剧烈爆炸,邻近的建筑里也发生了程度较轻的爆炸。

 

spittoon 痰盂

英义

a container, used especially in the past, for people to spit into

例句

The cactuses were planted in old spittoons.

仙人掌种在了旧痰盂里

 

🔥重点表达

称某人的心意/合某人的胃口 to one’s liking

制定,颁布 lay down

遵守(法律等) comply with

把…视作… view…as…

以…为例 take…for instance

等等、诸如此类and the like

纸簏the wastepaper basket

自鸣钟 the chime clock

痰盂 the spittoon

等等、诸如此类 and the like

衬托 set off

逐渐熟悉… get the feel of…

到处,处处 here and there

效忠… show one’s fealty to sb.

从B中获取A derive A from B

起源于、来自于 derive from…/be derived from”

钟面 clock face或clock dial或face

阿拉伯数字arabic numerals

罗马数字roman numerals

淡季 slack/dull/off season

旺季 peak/boom/busy season

指针 hands of a clock/watch

时针 hour hand

分针 minute hand

秒针 second hand

把A比作B  liken A to B

打个譬喻说,可以说 so to speak

谈及…,就…而言,在…方面 in terms of…/in…terms

未经允许不得转载:帕布莉卡 » 丰子恺《闲居》 -英语翻译教程-中英双语赏析

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