陶渊明Going HomeTao Yuanming《归去来辞》是晋宋之际文学家陶渊明创作的抒情小赋。这篇文章作于作者辞官之初，是作者脱离仕途回归田园的宣言。语言朴素，辞意畅达，匠心独运而又通脱自然，感情真挚，意境深远，有很强的感染力。结构安排严谨周密，散体序文重在叙述，韵文辞赋则全力抒情，二者各司其职，相为表里，成“双美”之势。归去来兮!田园将芜胡不归?Going home! The land will soon lie in waste. Why shouldn’t I go home?🎈归去来兮：意思是“回去吧”。来，表趋向的语助词。这句话译为了Going home🎈“田园将芜胡不归”这句话蕴含了两个信息，翻译时要学会断句。中文中经常会有包含多个信息的长句，如果放在一句话中信息杂糅，主次不清，就要考虑断句。
既自以心为形役，奚惆怅而独悲?Since I willingly let my mind be enslaved by my worldly desires, Why should I feel remorseful and sad?🎈以心为形役：让心神为形体所役使，这句话译为“let my mind be enslaved by my worldly desires”，其中“为形役”是有被动语态的，在英文中一定要体现出来。另外译文对“心”进行了具体化，意即“世俗的愿望”，译为worldly desires🎈“奚”就是“为什么”之意。🎈惆怅悲伤remorseful and sad
悟已往之不谏， 知来者之可追，实迷途其未远，觉今是而昨非。Knowing that what I did in the past cannot be redressed,I can still retrieve my mistakes in the future;I have not gone too far on the wrong path,And now I am on the right path of today, not the wrong one of yesterday.🎈“谏”：谏止，劝止；“追”：挽救，补救。前两小句的意思就是“我明悟过去的错误已不可挽回，但明白未发生的事尚可补救”，译为Knowing that what I did in the past cannot be redressed, I can still retrieve my mistakes in the future。其中redress释义为to correct sth that is unfair or wrong 纠正；矫正；改正。另外redress和retrieve这两个单词押了头韵，具有英文的音韵美。🎈迷途wrong path🎈“今是而昨非”要根据前文内容进行具体化，即“以前误入迷途，如今走上正轨”，译为I am on the right path of today, not the wrong one of yesterday
舟遥遥以轻杨，风飘飘而吹衣。The boat is moving swiftly ahead with the wind blowing on my garment,🎈“风飘飘而吹衣”译作“with the wind blowing on my garment”，将这一小句处理为with结构，做伴随状语，使得译文主次分明。🎈garment释义为a piece of clothing （一件）衣服，是很正式的词汇。问征夫以前路，恨晨光之熹微。I ask the way from a passer-by and feel sad that there is yet only a gleam of early dawn.🎈“征夫”是“行人”而非征兵之人，译作“passer-by🎈“a gleam of”是指微弱的光，注意表达积累例句A few gleams of sunshine lit up the gloomy afternoon. 太阳的光线使阴暗的下午亮了起来。
乃瞻衡宇，载欣载奔。The shabby house is in view in the distance, I run happily towards it.🎈衡宇，简陋的房子，译作shabby house🎈be in view是「看到」之意。
僮仆欢迎，稚子候门。The boy servant comes forward to welcome me,My youngest son is also waiting for me at the gate.🎈“僮仆”是“家僮”之意，在古文中常见，译作boy servant，注意表达积累。
三径就荒，松菊犹存。Though the paths in the garden have nearly been decimated,The pine trees and the chrysanthemums are still there.🎈“就”，近于。“屋径就荒”译为the paths in the garden have nearly been decimated，其中decimate释义为to kill large numbers of animals, plants or people in a particular area 大量毁灭，大批杀死（某地区的动物、植物或人），常用作被动例句The rabbit population was decimated by the disease. 这种疾病使大批兔子死亡🎈这两小句之间是有转折关系的，中文中没有明显的逻辑关系词，但是在英文中要体现出来，译文中用“though”体现出了这种逻辑关系。🎈花中四君子的英文表达：梅plum；兰orchid；竹bamboo；菊chrysanthemum
携幼入室，有酒盈樽。Holding the hand of my child, I walk into the house,There on the table is wine prepared.🎈“携幼”处理为分词短语做伴随状语，译作holding the hand of my child
引壶筋以自酌，眄庭柯以怡颜。I take up the wine vessel and drink alone,Enjoying the view of the trees in the garden.🎈“引壶筋以自酌”是“我端起酒壶酒杯自斟自饮”，译作I take up the wine vessel and drink alone，其中wine vessel是酒器。
倚南窗以寄傲，审容膝之易安。I lean against the south window to indulge in my lofty meditations, Contented with the ease of living in a small house.🎈“寄傲”就是“寄托傲然自得的心情”，译作“indulge in my lofty meditations”，其中“indulge in”是“沉浸于/沉湎于…”之意。另外“lofty”意为“deserving praise because of its high moral quality 崇高的；高尚的”，常见用法如下：lofty ambitions/ideals/principles 崇高的抱负╱理想╱原则🎈容膝：只能容下双膝的小屋，极言其狭小，这里要译出“小”和“屋子”两个信息，译作small house。🎈contented with sth对…感到心满意足
园日涉以成趣，门虽设而常关。I find pleasure in walking in the garden every day,Though there is a gate, it is closed all day.🎈“涉以”意为“在院子里漫步”，译作walking in the garden策扶老以流憩，时矫首而遐观。With a staff I roam around, and rest whenever I feel the need,And at times raise my head to look in the distance.🎈策：拄着。扶老：手杖。流憩：游息，就是没有固定的地方，到处走走歇歇。roam around是“散步，闲逛”之意。at times有时，偶尔
云无心以出岫，鸟倦飞而知还。Clouds drift out aimlessly from behind the mountains,Birds will return to their nests when tired.🎈“岫”：有洞穴的山，这里泛指山峰。🎈drift的释义为“to move along smoothly and slowly in water or air 漂流；漂移；飘”，常用来描述云朵例句Clouds drifted across the sky. 朵朵浮云在空中飘过。
景翳翳以将入，抚孤松而盘桓。It grows dim as the sun sets,I linger, stroking the trunk of the solitary pine tree.🎈景：同“影”，指太阳。翳（yì）翳：阴暗的样子。这一小句是说“太阳下山，天色渐暗”，译作it grows dim as the sun sets🎈“抚抓松而盘桓”这一小句没有主语，是中文中典型的无主句，事实上这句话的主语是“我”，在译文中要将主语补出来。
归去来兮，请息交以绝游。Going home! I will cut off all human relations.🎈“请”：表委婉的谦敬副词，可不译出。“息交”：停止与人交往。“绝游”：断绝交游。这两个词是同一个意思，翻译一次即可，避免重复。
世与我而相违，复驾言兮焉求?Since the world is at odds with me,What should I seek by driving out in a carriage?🎈be at odds with sb与某人意见相左🎈驾：驾车，这里指驾车出游去追求想要的东西。言：助词。这里采用了直译，译作driving out in a carriage悦亲戚之情话， 乐琴书以消忧。I will have intimate talks with my kinsmen,And forget my miseries by playing on the harp and reading books.🎈“情话”即知心话，这里引申为“亲密的交谈”，译作“have intimate talks”
农人告余以春及，将有事于西畴。Country folks will come to tell me that spring has come,And that farm work will begin in the western field.🎈“有事”也就是“有农活”，译作farm work will begin
或命巾车，或棹孤舟。I would either ride on a cart, or row a small boat,🎈“或命巾车”：有时叫上一辆有帷的小车，译作“ride on a cart”🎈ride on a cart和row a small boat采用了相同的结构，对仗工整，具有结构美；ride和row押了头韵，具有音韵美。
既窈窕以寻壑，亦崎岖而经丘。Sometimes following a clear and deep stream that leads me to a valley,Sometimes walking along a rugged and bumpy path that takes me over a hill.🎈窈窕：幽深曲折的样子，译作了a clear and deep stream🍒崎岖小路a rugged and bumpy path
木欣欣以向荣，泉涓涓而始流。Trees are growing boisterously,Spring water is flowing smoothly.🎈boisterous释义为noisy and full of life and energy 热闹的；充满活力的；活蹦乱跳的例句It was a challenge, keeping ten boisterous seven-year-olds amused. 要逗着十个好动的七岁孩子玩真是一种挑战。
羡万物之得时，感吾生之行休。I envy all things that enjoy the blessings of natureAnd feel miserable that my life will soon be over.🎈“感吾生之行休”一句中虽然没有明确说出作者的感受和态度，但是结合上下文我们不难发现，作者心中对生命的消逝心怀伤感，所以这里要对作者内心的感受具体化，译为feel miserable
已矣乎!寓形宇内复几时，曷不委心任去留?Alas! How many more days can I live on this earth?Why not take life as it is?🎈“曷不委心任去留”意为“何不顺从自己的心愿，管它什么生与死呢”，译作了“Why not take life as it is?” 除此之外“顺其自然”还可译作let nature take its course
胡为追遑欲何之?Why do I worry? What am I aspiring to?🎈aspire意为to have a strong desire to achieve or to become sth 渴望（成就）；有志（成为）例句She aspired to a scientific career. 她有志于科学事业。
富贵非吾愿，帝乡不可期。I do not seek wealth and position,Nor do I desire to live with fairies and gods.🎈“富贵”意即“追求高官厚禄”，译作seek wealth and position🎈帝乡：仙乡，神仙居住的地方。“帝乡不可期”意思是作者也不期待得道升天，译作了desire to live with fairies and gods，用了两个名词，和上文wealth and position构成了平衡的结构。
怀良辰以孤往，或植杖而耘籽。I would go out alone on a fine day,To cultivate farmland with my staff laid aside.🎈cultivate farmland意为耕作。
登东皋以舒啸，临清流而赋诗。I would shout aloud on the top of the eastern hill,And compose poems by clear streams.🎈“临清流”是“傍着溪流”之意，译作了“by clear streams”，是用介词词组来代替中文中的动词词组，这种翻译方法叫做词性转换，在中英翻译中非常常见，可以在译文中减少动词的使用，翻译时要学会运用。
聊乘化以归尽，乐夫天命复奚疑!Welcoming death as part of the vicissitudes of life,I would be contented with what is willed by Heaven.What else do I want?🎈vicissitudes在词典中的解释为You use vicissitudes to refer to changes, especially unpleasant ones, that happen to someone or something at different times in their life or development. 变化; 变迁例句The city has been through many vicissitudes. 这个城市经历了多次兴衰。🎈be contented with对…感到心满意足🔥重点词汇redress v. 纠正；矫正；改正英义( formal ) to correct sth that is unfair or wrong 例句More and more victims turn to litigation to redress wrongs done to them. 越来越多的受害者诉诸法律以获得平反。garment n.（一件）衣服 英义( formal ) a piece of clothing 例句He was wearing a strange shapeless garment. 他穿着一件没样子的奇怪衣服。gleam n.微光（常指反光）英义a pale clear light, often reflected from sth 例句A few gleams of sunshine lit up the gloomy afternoon. 太阳的光线使阴暗的下午亮了起来。lofty adj. 崇高的；高尚的英义deserving praise because of its high moral quality例句We have hope to quadruple the total industrial and agricultural output by the end of the century, which is a lofty aim. 我们有雄心壮志，到本世纪末，使工农业生产总值翻两番。drift v.漂流；漂移；飘英义to move along smoothly and slowly in water or air 例句Clouds drifted across the sky. 朵朵浮云在空中飘过。boisterous adj. 热闹的；充满活力的；活蹦乱跳的 英义noisy and full of life and energy 例句It was a challenge, keeping ten boisterous seven-year-olds amused. 要逗着十个好动的七岁孩子玩真是一种挑战。aspire v. 渴望（成就）；有志（成为）英义~ (to sth) to have a strong desire to achieve or to become sth 例句She aspired to a scientific career. 她有志于科学事业。vicissitudes n. 变化; 变迁英义You use vicissitudes to refer to changes, especially unpleasant ones, that happen to someone or something at different times in their life or development. 例句Whatever the vicissitudes of her past life, Jill now seems to have come through. 不管过去经历了什么世事变迁，吉尔现在似乎已经度过难关了。🔥重点表达世俗的愿望worldly desires迷途wrong path正轨right path僮仆/家僮boy servant梅plum；兰orchid；竹bamboo；菊chrysanthemum沉浸于/沉湎于…indulge in对…感到心满意足contented with sth 散步，闲逛roam around有时，偶尔at times 顺其自然let nature take its course追求高官厚禄seek wealth and position🔥表达对比“闲逛/漫步”有几种表达？1.策扶老以（流憩），时矫首而遇观。With a staff I roam around, and rest whenever I feel the need,And at times raise my head to look in the distance.2.两个女孩挽着胳臂沿街（漫步）而行。The two girls linked arms as they strolled down the street.3.有些青少年在购物广场里（闲逛）。Some teenagers were hanging out at the mall.4.他看见他们在花园四周（徘徊）。He saw them loitering around the garden.
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爱是一颗心遇到另一颗心（出处+配图） 
