陶渊明Master Five WillowsTao Yuanming《五柳先生传》是晋宋之际文学家陶渊明创作的自传文。在文中作者表明其三大志趣，一是读书，二是饮酒，三是写文章，塑造了一个真实的自我，表现了卓然不群的高尚品格，透露出强烈的人格个性之美。文章立意新奇，剪裁得当；采用白描手法，塑造了生动的艺术形象；行文简洁，绝无虚词矜誉。先生不知何许人也，亦不详其姓字。Nobody knows where he came from or what his family name was. 🎈在这句话中，原文的主语虽为「先生」，但是我们不难发现这句话实际上是在说「人们不知道先生来自何哪里，姓氏如何」，所以要进行主语转换，译文中用「nobody」做了主语。
宅边有五柳树，因以为号焉。He is simply known as Master Five Willows after the five willow trees that grow by his house.🎈这句话的主语是「五柳先生」，在译文中要体现出来，而且动词应为被动，译作了「He is simply known as Master Five Willows」。其中「be known as」是「因…而著名」之意。
闲静少言，不慕荣利。好读书，He is a quiet man who does not talk much. He does not covet fame or wealth, and derives his pleasure from the perusal of books.🎈「不慕荣利」也就是「不慕名利」之意，译作了「does not covet fame or wealth」，其中「covet」释义为「to want sth very much, especially sth that belongs to sb else 渴望；贪求（尤指别人的东西）；觊觎」例句He had long coveted the chance to work with a famous musician. 他一直渴望有机会与著名音乐家一起工作。🎈「好读书」一句与前面的「不慕荣利」一小句语义衔接非常紧密，这两句就是在说五柳先生不贪图名利，而是在书籍中获得快乐，所以译文将「好读书」与这一句合为一句来翻译。🎈「derive sth from sth」释义为「to get sth from sth （从…中）得到，获得」
不求甚解；每有会意，便欣然忘食。He reads casually without a need for thorough understanding. Whenever he has learned something from the books, he is so happy that he often forgets his meals.🎈「不求甚解」：这里指读书只求领会要旨，不在一字一句的解释上过分探究。这里没有贬义，译作「reads casually without a need for thorough understanding」。感情色彩在翻译中非常重要，要把握好原文的感情色彩并在译文中体现出来。🎈「会意」：指对书中的有所体会。这里就译作了「learned something」性嗜酒，家贫，不能常得。He has a fondness for wine, but being poor, he cannot often afford it.🎈「性嗜酒」译作了「has a fondness for wine」，其中「fondness」是「tender affection」之意，「have a fondness for sth」可理解为「情有独钟」例句I’ve always had a fondness for chocolate cake. 我一直对巧克力蛋糕情有独钟。🎈原文的三个小句之间是有隐含的逻辑关系的，「性嗜酒」和「家贫，不能常得」之间是转折关系，译文用「but」来体现这种关系；「家贫，不能常得」之间是有因果关系的，译文将前一小句处理为分词短语，做了原因状语，体现了这一关系。整个句子译作「He has a fondness for wine, but being poor, he cannot often afford it」
亲旧知其如此，或置酒而招之。His relatives and friends know about it and will invite him over for a drink.🎈invite sb over邀请某人过来
造饮辄尽，期在必醉，既醉而退，曾不吝情去留。Every time he goes to their home he drinks his fill and is never satisfied until he is drunk, and then leaves without tarrying.🎈「fill」释义为「as much as you can eat/drink 吃饱的量；喝足的量」，「he drinks his fill」就是指「喝到尽兴」🎈「期在必醉」：希望一定喝醉。「期」，期望。也就是说喝醉了才尽兴，译作了「is never satisfied until he is drunk」环堵萧然，不蔽风日。The walls in his house are bare, and can shelter him neither from the rain and wind, nor from the scorching sun.🎈「环堵」：周围都是土墙，形容居室简陋。「堵」，墙壁。这里采用了直译，译作了「the walls in his house are bare」🎈既不…也不… neither… nor…
短褐穿结。箪瓢娄空，晏如也。His cotton gown is worn to rags and he is always short of food. But he takes all this with equanimity.🎈「短褐穿结」：粗布短衣上打了个补丁。短褐，粗布短衣，穿结，指衣服破烂。穿，破。结，缝补。译作了「his cotton gown is worn to rags」，其中「rag」是「破布」之意，与之相关的常见表达还有「in rags衣衫褴褛」以及「(from) rags to riches从贫到富/白手起家」🎈「箪瓢屡空」：形容贫困，难以吃饱。箪，盛饭的圆形竹器。瓢，饮水用具。这里进行了意译，译作了「he is always short of food」🎈「晏如」：安然自若的样子，这里译作了「takes all this with equanimity」，其中「equanimity」释义为「a calm state of mind which means that you do not become angry or upset, especially in difficult situations （尤指处于困境时的）镇静，沉着，冷静」例句His sense of humour allowed him to face adversaries with equanimity. 他的幽默感让他在面对对手时也不失平静。
常著文章自娱，颇示己志。He often writes essays to amuse himself and to express his aspirations and interests.🎈「颇示己志」意为「抒发自己的志趣」，译作了「express his aspirations and interests」，注意表达积累。
忘怀得失，以此自终。He spends his life in this way, disregarding personal gain and loss.🎈「忘怀得失」也就是「不顾个人得失」，译作了「disregarding personal gain and loss」，分词短语做让步状语。赞曰：黔娄有言「不戚戚乎贫贱，不汲汲乎富贵。」The following is my appraisal:Qianlou said, 「Neither be sad for being poor and lowly, nor be eager to seek riches and honor.」🎈「赞曰」是「我」对先生的赞誉，这一层意思要在译文中体现出来。🎈「不戚戚乎贫贱，不汲汲乎富贵」译作了「Neither be sad for being poor and lowly, nor be eager to seek riches and honor」，两个小句的句式基本相同，很有节奏感，注意表达积累。味其言兹若人之俦乎?Ruminating on his words, one will wonder whether he is referring to Master Five Willows and his like.🎈「味其言」译作了「ruminating on his words」，其中「ruminate」释义为「to think deeply about sth 沉思；认真思考」例句People who tend to ruminate often reevaluate their actions, especially in situations they deem embarrassing, disappointing, or involving argument or conflict. 喜欢反复思考的人通常会不断重新评估自己的行为，特别是那些让他们感到尴尬、沮丧或者包含争论、冲突的行为。🎈「若人」：此人，指五柳先生。「俦」：辈，同类。这句话意思就是「这话大概说的是五柳先生这一类的人吧？」「五柳先生这一类的人」译作了「his like」，其中「like」作名词，意为「类似的人/物」
衔觞赋诗，以乐其志，无怀氏之民欤?葛天氏之民欤?Master Five Willows sips wine and composes poems to give full expression to his lofty ideals. Isn’t he a common man of the ancient times of Wuhuai Shi or Getian Shi?🎈「衔觞赋诗」意为「一边喝酒一边作诗」，译作了「sip wine and compose poems」🎈 lofty ideals意为「崇高的理想」🎈「无怀氏」与「葛天氏」都是传说中的上古帝王。据说在那个时代，人民生活安乐，恬淡自足，社会风气淳厚朴实。译文中补出了「上古时代」这个信息，译作「the ancient times of Wuhuai Shi or Getian Shi」🔥重点词汇covet v.渴望；贪求（尤指别人的东西）；觊觎英义 ( formal ) to want sth very much, especially sth that belongs to sb else 例句He had long coveted the chance to work with a famous musician. 他一直渴望有机会与著名音乐家一起工作。equanimity n. （尤指处于困境时的）镇静，沉着，冷静英义a calm state of mind which means that you do not become angry or upset, especially in difficult situations例句His sense of humour allowed him to face adversaries with equanimity. 他的幽默感让他在面对对手时也不失平静。ruminate v.沉思；认真思考英义to think deeply about sth例句People who tend to ruminate often reevaluate their actions, especially in situations they deem embarrassing, disappointing, or involving argument or conflict. 喜欢反复思考的人通常会不断重新评估自己的行为，特别是那些让他们感到尴尬、沮丧或者包含争论、冲突的行为。🔥重点表达因…而著名be known as不慕名利do not covet fame or wealth（从…中）得到，获得derive sth from sth衣衫褴褛in rags从贫到富/白手起家(from) rags to riches不顾个人得失disregarding personal gain and loss崇高的理想lofty ideals🔥表达对比家徒四壁有几种表达？1. （环堵萧然），不蔽风日。The walls in his house are bare, and can shelter him neither from the rain and wind, nor from the scorching sun.2. 这一刻，我才意识到她太小了，以至于忘了我们原来的家：（家徒四壁的破旧公寓），夜晚有动物在外面不断地嚎叫。In that moment, I realize that she is too young to remember our original home: the old dust of barren apartment walls and the constant roar outside of life in the nighttime.3. 屋里只有几件破家具，真可算是（家徒四壁）。They were so destitute that there were only several pieces of broken furniture in the house.4. 他（一贫如洗）。He is as poor as a church mouse.
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爱是一颗心遇到另一颗心（出处+配图） 
