柳宗元《梓人传》 -英语翻译教程-中英双语赏析

朗读这篇文章

梓人传

柳宗元

The Story of the House Builder

Liu Zongyuan

《梓人传》是唐代著名文学柳宗元的作品,本文选自《柳河东集》。梓人指木工,建筑工匠。本文讲述了有木匠来敲翡封叔家宅的门,希望租间空屋子居住,用替屋主人服役来代替房租的故事。

 

裴封叔之第,在光德里。

Pei Fengshu’s house is in Guangdeli.

🎈「第」是「家宅」的意思,译作「house」


 

有梓人款其门,愿佣隙宇而处焉。

One day, a house builder came to knock at the door. He offered his labor in exchange for an empty room to live in.

🎈文言词汇:「款」:叩。「佣隙宇」:指出劳力以抵房租。「隙宇」:空房。

🎈换取in exchange for


 

所职,寻、引、规、矩、绳、墨,家不居砻斫之器。

He brought with him tools of measurement, such as a measuring rule, a compass, a carpenter’s square, or a carpenter’s ink marker, but did not bring things like a whetstone, a saw, or a hatchet into the house.

🎈文言词汇:「职」:掌管。「寻、引」:度量工具。「规」:圆规。「矩」:曲尺。「绳墨」:墨斗。「砻」:磨。「斫」:砍。

🎈结合上句他前来敲门求职的语境,这句的动词应是「带来」和「没有带」

🎈有关木工工具的表达积累:

圆规compass

曲尺square

磨石whetstone

锯子saw

斧头hatchet


 

问其能,曰:「吾善度材,视栋宇之制,高深圆方短长之宜,吾指使而群工役焉。

Asked what skill he had, he replied, “I am good at measuring timber. According to the planned dimensions of a house, I will plot out its exact height, depth, circumference, square, shortness and length. Then I will instruct the workers to do the practical work.

🎈「度材」就是「计算/测量木材」之意,译作「measuring timber」

🎈「视栋宇之制」中的「栋宇」是未建成的,因为后文提到他指挥别人去做,所以用「planned」一词来体现房屋还在计划之中。

🎈「宜」在原文中是个名词,翻译时转换成了形容词,更符合英语的表达习惯。

🎈指挥某人做某事instruct sb to do sth


 

舍我,众莫能就一宇。

Without me, they cannot build a house.

🎈「众莫能就一宇」就是说大家一座房子也建不好。


 

故食于官府,吾受禄三倍;作于私家,吾收其直大半焉。」

I therefore earn three times as much as a common worker does when I am working under a government contract, and earn more than half of the total wages of all the workers when working for an individual.」

🎈英文中的倍数表达法:

A的大小(长度、数量、……)是B的n倍

⑴A is n times as great (long, much, …) as B.

⑵A is n times greater (longer, more, …) than B.

⑶A is n times the size (length, amount, …) of B.

🎈「直」:通「值」。「吾收其直大半焉」意即「我取全部报酬的一大半」,结合上文,他是指挥其他工人工作,所以这里的全部工资就是「给所有工人的工资」,译作「the total wages of all the workers」


 

他日,入其室,其床阙足而不能理,曰:「将求他工。」

One day, I entered his room and saw a bed lacking one foot, a thing that he himself could not repair. He said, 「I will have it repaired by some carpenter.”

🎈在这句话的译文中,「a thing」+「that」引导的定语从句做了「a bed lacking one foot」的同位语。

🎈have it repaired是「have sth done」结构,让别人做某事。


 

余甚笑之,谓其无能而贪禄嗜货者。

I found him ridiculous and thought that he had no skill at all and was nothing but an avaricious man.

🎈「货」:钱物。「贪禄嗜货」意即「贪图俸禄,喜爱钱财」,译作「avaricious」,释义为「An avaricious person is very greedy for money or possessions. 贪婪的」,例句如下:

He sacrificed his own career so that his avaricious brother could succeed.

他牺牲了自己的事业,其目的是让他贪婪的弟弟成功。


 

其后京兆尹将饰官署,余往过焉。

Soon thereafter, I visited the official in charge of the administrative work of the capital. His was renovating the government office.

🎈「京兆尹」:官名,京兆府(治所在今陕西西安)的长官。这里进行了信息补充,「the official in charge of the administrative work of the capital」,如果了解背景知识,适当的信息补充是文言文翻译的加分项。

🎈「将饰官署」意即「将要修饰官衙的房屋」,译作「was renovating the government office」


 

委群材,会群工,或执斧斤,或执刀锯,皆环立向之。

There were piles of timber of varied quality and all the workers were standing in a circle, some with axes in their hands, some with knives and saws.

🎈「群材」意即「各种各样的木材」,译作「piles of timber of varied quality」

🎈「群工」是指很多工匠,用复数体现。


 

梓人左持引,右执杖,而中处焉。

In the center was the house builder, with a measuring rule in his left hand and a staff in his right hand.

🎈表示地点的介词短语放句首,要用全部倒装。


 

量栋宇之任,视木之能举,挥其杖,曰「斧!」

He was considering the dimensions of the house and making a decision regarding what kind of timber could bear the weight. He waved the staff and said, 「Axes!」

🎈「量栋宇之任,视木之能举」意思是「衡量房屋的承担情况,察看木料的性能酌情选用」

🎈「axe」在这里作动词,是「用斧子砍」之意。


 

彼执斧者奔而右。

Those with axes hurried to the right side.

🎈「奔而右」就是「急忙跑到右边去」,译作「hurried to the right side」


 

顾而指曰:「锯!」

Then he turned round, pointing his finger at another stack of timber, and said 「Saws!”

🎈「saw」的用法与上文相同。

🎈「stack」释义为「 a pile of sth, usually neatly arranged (通常指码放整齐的)一叠,一摞,一堆」,例句如下:

A stack of files awaited me on my desk.

我桌上有一堆文件正待我去处理。

 


彼执锯者趋而左。

Those with saws hurried to the left side.

🎈「趋而左」与上文「奔而右」用法相同。


 

俄而,斤者斫,刀者削,皆视其色,俟其言,

All at once those with axes began to chop, and those with knives began to pare. Everyone had to look at the house builder’s face, waiting for his orders.

🎈「视其色」是「看他的脸色」,译作「look at the house builder’s face」;「俟其言」意思是「等待他的命令」,译作「waiting for his orders」


 

莫敢自断者。其不胜任者,怒而退之,亦莫敢愠焉。

Not a man dared work according to his own desires, for the house builder angrily fired anyone who did not do the work according to his specifications. And no one dared to complain.

🎈「自断」就是「自作主张」之意,译作「work according to his own desires」

🎈「不敢自断」的原因是「不胜任者会被退之」,这里有逻辑关系,在译文中要体现出来。


 

画宫于堵,盈尺而曲尽其制,

He drew a design on the wall. Though it was no bigger than one square foot, it gave a detailed description of the whole structure of the house.

🎈这句话意思是「他在墙上绘了官署房子的图样,刚满一尺大小的图样却细致详尽地画出了它的建筑构造」,其中「盈尺」和「曲尽其制」之间有形成对比,前者在翻译时要译成让步状语从句。


 

计其毫厘而构大厦,无进退焉。

There was not the slightest discrepancy in measurement when the design was put into construction.

🎈「其」指的就是图样,「the design」

🎈「无进退焉」就是「丝毫没有出入/误差」,译作「there was not the slightest discrepancy」,其中「discrepancy」释义为「a difference between two or more things that should be the same 差异;不符合;不一致」,例句如下:

What are the reasons for the discrepancy between girls’ and boys’ performance in school?

女生和男生在学校表现不同的原因何在呢?


 

既成,书于上栋曰:「某年、某月、某日、某建」。

After the house was completed, he wrote on the beam: 「The house was built by so and so on a certain day, in a certain month, in a certain year.”

🎈时间状语除了用when来引导之外,还可用before/after来表示。

🎈beam横梁

🎈so and so某某人

🎈年月日之前要用不同的介词,年和曰之前用in,具体某一天之前用on。

 


则其姓字也。凡执用之工不在列。

The name was actually that of the house builder, whereas the names of those who did the actual work were not mentioned.

🎈这两个小句之间是有转折/对比关系的,译文用「whereas」来表示,相当于「while」


 

余圜视大骇,然后知其术之工大矣。

I looked at these words with wide-open eyes and came to know how skillful the house builder was.

🎈「wide-open eyes」是「眼睛睁得很大」之意,形容非常惊讶,注意表达积累。

🎈come to know/realize意识到


 

继而叹曰:彼将舍其手艺,专其心智,而能知体要者欤!

Then I exclaimed and said, 「Can it be that he is a man who willingly gives up his craftsmanship and concentrates on brain work and therefore has mastered the essentials of house building?

🎈原文与「手艺活儿」相对比的其实是「脑力劳动」,译作「brain work」

🎈「体要」:主体和纲要。指关键,译作「essentials」


 

吾闻劳心者役人,劳力者役于人。

I hear that those who work with their minds govern while those who work with their hands are governed.

🎈用…工作介词用的是with,介词的正确使用在英文中非常重要,很见功底,注意表达积累。


 

彼其劳心者欤!

Can it be that he is the one who works with his mind?

🎈这句话是个问句,意为「他大概是劳心的人吧」,that 后引导的是个表语从句。


 

能者用而智者谋,彼其知者欤!是足为佐天子,相天下法矣。

Those who have skills do the practical work, whereas those who have wisdom make plans. The house builder might be a man of wisdom and might serve as an example for those who are helping the Emperor in the governing of the country.

🎈「能者用而智者谋」只说了半句,前文说了两类人,有两种情况,这里的译文也说明了两种情况,补出了「劳力者」从事实际工作,与「劳心者」形成对比。


 

物莫近乎此也。

Of all trades in the world, none can be more illustrative than that of a house builder.」

🎈「trade」在这里是「行业」的意思,在英语中与这个词相关有个很常见的表达是「Jack of all trades」,意为「万金油」,形容什么都会一点,但是什么也做不精的人。


 

Those who govern have to take governing the people as their cardinal work.

🎈「本于人」就是「以人为本」之意,译作「take governing the people as their cardinal work」,其中「cardinal」是主要的/基本的之意。


 

其执役者为徒隶,为乡师、里胥;其上为下士;又其上为中士,为上士;又其上为大夫,为卿,为公。

At the lowest rung of the ladder are the convicts, petty officials in villages and neighborhoods who do practical work. Above them are officials of the lower, middle, and upper ranks. Further above them are senior officials, ministers, and princes.

🎈文言词汇:「徒隶」:社会底层从事各种体力劳动的人。「乡师、里胥」:泛指小官吏。「乡师」:一乡之长。「里胥」:一里之长。「下士」:西周时期统治阶级中的最低等级。其上有中士、上士、大夫、卿、公等各级官僚,借以指统治阶级中的各阶级官吏。

🎈这句话是在说明一些官职的上下级关系,译文分别用了三个介词短语放在每句话的开头,层次清晰,逻辑分明。

 


离而为六职,判而为百役。

Speaking roughly, there are six kinds of officials, and speaking in detail, there are a hundred professions.

🎈「离」:粗分。「判」:细分。


 

外薄四海,有方伯、连率。郡有守,邑有宰,皆有佐政。

On the border areas there are Fangbo and Lianshuai. In every prefecture there is a prefect and in every county there is a magistrate, and they both have deputies to assist them in their administrative work.

🎈郡守prefect;县宰magistrate

🎈deputy在这句话中是「副手」之意,例句如下:

By convention the deputy leader was always a woman.

按惯例,这一领导职务的副职总是由女性担任。


 

其下有胥吏,又其下皆有啬夫、版尹,以就役焉。

Below them are petty officials, who are scribes, and further below them are tax collectors and household registrars.

🎈文言词汇:「胥吏」:办理文书的小吏。「啬夫」:佐助县令管理赋税、诉讼等事务的乡官。「版尹」:主管户籍的官吏。

🎈对于古文中特有的官职名,常见的要记住其表达,除此之外还可以音译加注或意译。


 

犹众工之各有执伎以食力也。

Like workers, they all have a particular skill and earn their living by labor.

🎈「各有执伎以食力」意思是「各有手艺,自食其力」


 

彼佐天子相天下者,举而加焉,指而使焉。

The Prime Minister, who assists the emperor in governing the people, selects officials of all ranks, assigns them different works, has them at his command and utilizes their abilities.

🎈「彼佐天子相天下者」指的就是宰相,译作「Prime Minister」,后继续对其工作进行解释。

🎈「举而加焉,指而使焉」意思是「推荐人材,委任职责,发出命令,指派任务」


 

条其纲纪而盈缩焉,齐其法制而整顿焉;

He lays down rules and regulations and revises them from time to time. He also unifies the legal system and strengthens it when necessary.

🎈制定规章lay down rules and regulations

🎈统一法制unify the legal system


 

犹梓人之有规、矩、绳、墨以定制也。

He is like the house builder who makes designs for houses with a compass, a carpenter’s square, and a carpenter’s ink marker.

🎈「定制」就是上文曾提到的设计房屋建造图纸,译作「makes designs for houses」


 

择天下之士,使称其职,居天下之人,使其安业。

He selects talented persons and assigns them work which they are competent to do. He makes arrangements for the people and they are contented with their jobs.

🎈称职/胜任be competent to

🎈安居乐业be contented with one’s job


 

视都知野,视野知国,视国知天下,

When he inspects a city, he knows the situation of the surrounding countryside. When he inspects a village, he knows the situation in the fiefs. When he inspects a fief, he knows the situation in the country.

🎈这句话意为「看了国都就了解了郊外,看了郊外就了解了诸侯国,看了诸侯国就了解了整个天下。」

🎈fief封地,诸侯国


 

其远迩细大,可手据其图而究焉。犹梓人画宫于堵而绩于成也。

By pointing his finger at the map, he knows thoroughly the situation of every place in the country, no matter whether it is far or near, big or small, just like the house builder who draws a design on the wall and carries the project into execution.

🎈「远迩细大」是说「(无论)这些地方的远近和大小」,让步关系要在英文中体现。


 

能者进而由之,使无所德;不能者退而休之,亦莫敢愠。

He selects gifted people, recommends them, and lets them give full play to their talents, without feeling that they are indebted to anyone. He dismisses from their posts those who have no talent and none dares to complain.

🎈「由之」意即「使之充分发挥其本领」,译作「give full play to their talents」,其中「充分发挥」译作「give full play to」

🎈「德」这里做动词用,「使无所德」意思就是「使(他们)不用心怀愧疚,对他人感恩戴德」,译作「without feeling that they are indebted to anyone」


 

不衒能,不矜名,不亲小劳,不侵众官,日与天下之英才,讨论其大经。犹梓人之善运众工而不伐艺也。

He does not show off his capacity, nor flaunt his reputation, nor engross himself in trivial matters, nor encroach upon the rights of other officials. He daily discusses the way of governing the country with persons of outstanding ability just like the house builder who is skilled in giving orders to the workers while he himself does not brag of his dexterity.

🎈吹嘘/炫耀在这句话中有好几种表达方式:show off/ flaunt/ brag of

🎈「不亲小劳」意思是「不亲自去做那些微小琐碎的事情」,译作「engross himself in trivial matters」,其中「engross oneself in」是「专注于某事」之意。

🎈英才persons of outstanding ability


 

夫然后相道得而万国理矣。

In this way the mission of the Prime Minister is fulfilled and the country is well administered.

🎈这句话意为「做宰相的道理才算懂得,各诸侯国才得到了治理」,注意用被动语态。


 

相道既得,万国既理,天下举首而望曰:「吾相之功也。」

Since the way to be a Prime Minister is well handled and the country is enjoying peace, the people will raise their heads towards the capital and say with admiration, “Credit should be given to the Prime Minister!”

🎈credit should be given to …应归功于


 

后之人循迹而慕曰:「彼相之才也。」

The future generations will follow their forefathers and say respectfully, “This is due to the ability of the Prime Minister!”

🎈「慕」是「敬慕」之意,译作了副词「respectfully」

🎈 due to由于,除此之外归功于还可译作「own to」


 

士或谈殷、周之理者,曰伊傅周召,

When scholars talk about peace and order in the country during the times of Yin and Zhou, they would invariably give credit to Yi Yin, Fu Yue, Duke of Zhou, and Duke of Zhao.

🎈「殷、周之理」是指「商周之大治的盛世」,译作「peace and order in the country during the times of Yin and Zhou」

🎈「曰伊傅周召」意即「都归功于伊尹、傅说、周公、召公」,这里的「归功于」又变换了一种说法 ,译作「give credit to」

 


其百执事之勤劳,而不得纪焉。

Nevertheless those who worked hard and did the practical work did not have their names recorded in history.

🎈这句与上文有转折关系,需要增译逻辑关系词。


 

犹梓人自名其功,而执用者不列也。

This is just like what the house builder does. He only mentions his own meritorious deeds and leaves those who did the practical work unknown.

🎈「meritorious」释义为「deserving praise 值得赞扬的」


 

大哉相乎!通是道者,所谓相而已矣。

Ah! How great the Prime Minister is! The one who is well versed in this way of behaving is in fact the Prime Minister!

🎈「通是道者」意即「通晓这个道理」,但是要作伟大的宰相,不仅要通晓这个道理,还要能够付诸实践,所以此处译作「is well versed in this way of behaving」。其中「be versed in」是 「精通」之意。


 

其不知体要者反此。

Those who do not know the essentials of things are contrary to the Prime Minister mentioned above.

🎈「此」要进行具体化,就是指上文宰相的所作所为,否则容易指代不明。


 

以恪勤为公,以簿书为尊,衒能矜名,

They work painstakingly and think that they are serving the public heart and soul. They think that to be engrossed in detailed work is important. They take pride in their ability and boast about their reputation.

🎈heart and soul全心全意地

🎈「以簿书为尊」意思是「以抄写官署中的文书,薄册为重责」,这里可进行一定的引申,意即在一些琐碎的工作上劳神费力,译作了「engrossed in detailed work」


 

亲小劳,侵众官,窃取六职、百役之事,听听于府庭,而遗其大者远者焉。

They do trivial things, encroach on the rights of other officials, put everything under their charge, argue noisily in the government offices and at court, thus neglecting matters of vital importance.

🎈「听听于府庭」意即「洋洋得意地在相府夸耀自己」,与上文的「衒能矜名」同义,在这个句子中没有重复译出。

🎈真正重要的事matters of vital importance

 


所谓不通是道者也。

They do not know the way of governing.

🎈「道」意即「道理/方法」


 

犹梓人而不知绳墨之曲直,规矩之方圆,寻引之短长,

They are like a house builder who does not know how to use a carpenter’s ink marker to make a distinction between a crooked line and a straight line, to use a compass and a carpenter’s square to draw a square and a circle, and to use a measuring rule to measure the length.

🎈「曲直」「方圆」「短长」在原文中都是名词,实际在说这些工具可用于「正曲直」,「画方圆」,「量短长」,翻译时增译了动词,译作了动宾词组。


 

姑夺众工之斧斤刀锯以佐其艺,又不能备其工,以至败绩。

He takes over the axes, knives, and saws from other workers and helps them do the work, but fails to get the work accomplished.

🎈「佐其艺」在语境下的意义就是「帮助他们完成工作」,译作「helps them do the work」


 

用而无所成也,不亦谬欤!

He exerts all his efforts in vain. Isn’t it absurd?

🎈「用而无所成也」意思是「费尽力气但一事无成」,也就是「白费力气」,其中「无所成」译作了「in vain」,反说正译。


 

或曰:「彼主为室者,傥或发其私智,牵制梓人之虑,夺其世守,而道谋是用,

Someone might say, 「A man who wants to have a house built might have his own design, which is unlike that of the house builder. He disregards the rich experiences of the house builder and listens to the ideas of any passerby.

🎈文言词汇:「世守」:指固有的经验法则。「道谋是用」:听信过路不负责任的议论。指造屋的主人,不信任梓人的方案而同过路的人商量,结果屋子终于造不成。

🎈「发其私智」意思是「依凭自己的知识」,结合语境,也就是说「有自己的建造方案」,译作「have his own design」,更加具体明确。


 

虽不能成功,岂其罪耶?亦在任之而已。」

Therefore, no house is built in the end. Is the house builder to blame? The crucial point is whether the man who wants to have a house built trusts the house builder.”

🎈文言词汇:「任之」:是否信任梓人。

🎈「其」指代的是梓人,这里要说明。


 

余曰不然。

I am of a different opinion.

🎈be of different opinion就是不同意的意思,相当于disagree with…


 

夫绳墨诚陈,规矩诚设,高者不可抑而下也,狭者不可张而广也,

If the design has been completed and the measurements have been done, then the tallness cannot be shortened, the narrowness cannot be widened.

🎈在「夫绳墨诚陈,规矩诚设」中的「绳墨」和「规矩」都是上文提到的木匠使用的工具,这里意即梓人的设计被付诸实践,这个小句是个条件。


 

由我则固,不由我则圮。

If the house is to be constructed according to this design of mine, it is bound to be firm. Otherwise, it will collapse.

🎈「我」是指「我的设计」,要进行具体化。

🎈be bound to注定会


 

彼将乐去固而就圮也,则卷其术,默其智,悠尔而去,

If the man who wants to have a house built is willing to see the house fall down as a result of persisting in his own design, then I will keep back my skill, hoard up my wisdom and go far away from him.

🎈「彼将乐去固而就圮也」是「如果主人甘于房舍不坚而易坍塌」的意思,也就是说「想要建造房子的人宁愿冒着房子倒塌的风险」,这里有个隐含的条件是「他们坚持己见」,所以句子结构为:想要建造房子的人宁愿看到房子倒塌,也要坚持己见。


 

不屈吾道,是诚良梓人耳。

I will not give up my principle. This is what a real house builder is like!

🎈「道」在这里指的是原则,译作「principle」


 

其或嗜其货利,忍而不能舍也;

If a house builder is covetous of the money of the man who wants to have a house built and succumbs to the latter’s wrong design instead of quitting the job.

🎈be covetous of贪求

🎈succumb to屈服于


 

丧其制量,屈而不能守也,栋桡屋坏,则曰:「非我罪也。」可乎哉!可乎哉!

He yields to the pressure at the sacrifice of his own idea. When the beam breaks and the house collapses, he cries, 「It’s not my fault. I am not to blame.「 How can he say that? How can he say that?

🎈yield to屈服于/让步,与上文的succumb to属变换说法。

🎈「栋桡屋坏」意思是「横梁歪了,房子倾倒了」


 

余谓梓人之道类于相,故书而藏之。

I think the way the Prime Minister governs the country is similar to the way the house builder builds the house. So I write it down.

🎈「梓人之道」和「相之道」都要进行具体化,前者指的是「建造房屋」,后者指的是「治理国家」


 

梓人,盖古之审曲面势者,今谓之「都料匠」云。

In old times the house builder was a carpenter who investigated the crookedness and straightness of all kinds of timber. Now this kind of carpenter is called 「Duliaojiang”.

🎈「审曲面势」意即「视材料的曲直形状」

 


余所遇者,杨氏,潜其名。

The surname of the house builder I met is Yang and his given name is Qian.

🎈姓氏surname 名字given name

🔥重点词汇

avaricious     adj. 贪婪的

英义

An avaricious person is very greedy for money or possessions.

例句

He sacrificed his own career so that his avaricious brother could succeed.

他牺牲了自己的事业,其目的是让他贪婪的弟弟成功。

 

renovate     v.修复;翻新;重新粉刷

英义

to repair and paint an old building, a piece of furniture, etc. so that it is in good condition again

例句

We had to renovate this after the lake overflowed its banks a couple of months ago and flooded the area.

几个月前,湖水漫过河岸,淹没了这个地区,我们不得不对它进行整修。

 

stack   n.(通常指码放整齐的)一叠,一摞,一堆

英义

a pile of sth, usually neatly arranged

例句

A stack of files awaited me on my desk.

我桌上有一堆文件正待我去处理。

 

discrepancy      n.差异;不符合;不一致

英义

a difference between two or more things that should be the same

例句

What are the reasons for the discrepancy between girls’ and boys’ performance in school?

女生和男生在学校表现不同的原因何在呢?

 

dexterity      n.(手)灵巧,熟练;(思维)敏捷,灵活

英义

skill in using your hands or your mind

例句

You need manual dexterity to be good at video games.

玩好电子游戏手要灵巧。

 

meritorious      adj.值得赞扬的

英义

( formal ) deserving praise

例句

I had been promoted for what was called gallant and meritorious service.

我因立下了所谓的英勇卓越功勋而获得了提拔。

🔥重点表达

换取in exchange for

指挥某人做某事instruct sb to do sth

某某人so and so

意识到come to know/realize

脑力劳动brain work

万金油Jack of all trades

制定规章lay down rules and regulations

统一法制unify the legal system

称职/胜任be competent to

安居乐业be contented with one’s job

封地,诸侯国fief

吹嘘/炫耀show off/ flaunt/ brag of

专注于某事engross oneself in

精通be versed in

全心全意地heart and soul

真正重要的事matters of vital importance

注定会be bound to

贪求be covetous of

屈服于succumb to

屈服yield to

姓氏surname

名字given name

🔥表达对比

归功于…有几种表达方式?

 

1.相道既得,万国既理,天下举首而望曰:「吾相之(功)也。」

Since the way to be a Prime Minister is well handled and the country is enjoying peace, the people will raise their heads towards the capital and say with admiration, “Credit should be given to the Prime Minister!”

 

2.后之人循迹而慕曰:「彼相之才也。」(都要归功于宰相的才能)

The future generations will follow their forefathers and say respectfully, “This is due to the ability of the Prime Minister!”

 

3.士或谈殷、周之理者,曰伊傅周召(的功劳)。

When scholars talk about peace and order in the country during the times of Yin and Zhou, they would invariably give credit to Yi Yin, Fu Yue, Duke of Zhou, and Duke of Zhao.

 

4.亚马逊的创建人兼首席执行官,杰夫•贝佐斯的成功很大程度上要(归功于)他能够放远眼光,避免短视。

Jeff Bezos, the founder and chief executive of Amazon, owes much of his success to his ability to look beyond the short-term view of things

 

5. 他将自己的成功(归功于)运气和其他人的帮助。

He attributed his success to luck and others’ help.

未经允许不得转载:帕布莉卡 » 柳宗元《梓人传》 -英语翻译教程-中英双语赏析

赞 (0) 打赏

觉得文章有用就打赏一下文章作者

支付宝扫一扫打赏

微信扫一扫打赏