柳宗元《钴鉧潭西小丘记》 -英语翻译教程-中英双语赏析

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钴鉧潭西小丘记

柳宗元
The Hillock to the West of Gumu Pond
Liu Zongyuan
《钴鉧潭西小丘记》是唐代的柳宗元创作的一篇山水游记散文,选自其代表作《永州八记》,是其中的第三篇。《钴鉧潭西小丘记》语言简约精炼、清丽自然,具有极高的艺术感染力。 其利用托物言志、融情于景等写作手法,巧妙地将柳宗元被贬永州的愤慨与兹丘的遭遇融汇在一起 ,静静的描绘中有一种生命的力量。

 
得西山后八日,寻山口西北道二百步,又得钴鉧潭。
It was on the eighth day after my discovery of Xishan Hill that I walked two hundred footsteps northwest of the mountain pass and found Gumu Pond.
🎈文言词汇:「寻」:通「循」,沿着。「道」:行走。
🎈这句话共有四个动词:得、寻、道和得,其中主要动词是「道」和第二个「得」字,剩下两个动词处理成了其他结构,做了次要成分,这样句子重点突出,结构清晰。
🎈mountain pass山口

西二十五步,当湍而浚者为鱼梁。
Upon hiking another twenty-five footsteps to the west of the pond, I came upon a fishing dike where the water was deep and the current, swift.
🎈文言词汇:「湍」:急流。「浚」:深水。「鱼梁」:用石砌成的拦截水流、中开缺口以便捕鱼的堰。
🎈这句话的意思是「钴鉧潭西面二十五步(的地方),在水流急而深处是一道坝」,翻译时要确定主语,结构分析如下:「从钴鉧潭向西走二十五步,我偶然看到了一个水坝,水坝处水流急且深」
🎈come upon偶然遇到,是非常地道的表达,注意积累。

梁之上有丘焉,生竹树。
Overhanging the dike was a hillock grown wild with trees and bamboos.
🎈这句话有三个名词,「梁」「丘」和「竹树」,其中「梁」和「竹树」都与「丘」有关,所以确定这句话的主语是「丘」,用其它结构阐明另外两者与「丘」的关系。

 

其石之突怒偃蹇,负土而出,争为奇状者,殆不可数。
Upon it, countless rocks protruded out of the earth, some standing erect, and some lying prone on the ground. They vied with one another in displaying their strange shapes.
🎈文言词汇:「突怒」:形容石头突出隆起。「偃蹇」:形容石头高耸的姿态。「殆」:几乎,差不多。
🎈「some…some…」都是独立主格结构,主谓之间有逻辑关系,在这里的逻辑关系为主动关系,动词都用了ing形式。
🎈vie with与…竞争

 

其嵚然相累而下者,若牛马之饮于溪;
The tall overlapping ones stretching downward looked like a herd of cattle drinking from a creek. 
🎈文言词汇:「嵚然」:山势高峻的样子。
🎈在这句话中,主语有多个修饰词,在翻译时要灵活处理,例如在这句话中「嵚然」和「相累」分别译作「tall」和「overlapping」两个前置形容词,而「下」处理做了分词结构,译作「stretching downward」

 

其冲然角列而上者,若熊罴之登于山。
Others thrusting slantingly upwards were arrayed in a row, and looked like bears climbing up the hill face.
🎈「冲然」:向上或向前的样子。「角列」:争取排到前面去,一说,像兽角那样排列。「罴」:棕熊。
🎈slantingly是「歪斜地」之意。
🎈in a row(排)成一列

 

丘之小不能一亩,可以笼而有之。
This hillock covered less than one mu in area, and looked so small as though it could be enclosed within a cage.
🎈文言词汇:「笼」:包笼,包罗。
🎈占地/占空间常用动词cover,除此之外还可用take up/occupy。
🎈「可以笼而有之」意思是「仿佛可以把它装到笼子里占有它」,译文中把比喻意义译出,不易造成歧义。「enclose」释义为「to build a wall, fence, etc. around sth (用墙、篱笆等)把…围起来」,例句如下:
The yard had been enclosed with iron railings. 
院子用铁栅栏围了起来。

 

问其主,曰:「唐氏之弃地,货而不售。」
I inquired after the owner, and was told, 「It’s a piece of deserted land belonging to the Tang family. It’s on sale, but no one has come to buy it”.
🎈文言词汇:「货」:卖,出售。「不售」:卖不出去。
🎈「问其主」的主语是「我」,而「曰」的主语是「我」所询问的人,翻译时首先要注意理清关系,其次要保持主语一致,例如在译文中就用了被动语态来实现这一点。

 

问其价,曰:「止四百。」
I asked the price, and the answer was four hundred wen.
🎈翻译和数字有关的信息时非常重要的一点就是数字的单位,这里是「四百文」,单位要补出。
 

余怜而售之。
I loved the place so much that I could not help but purchase it.
🎈文言词汇「怜」:爱惜。「售」:买。
🎈动词「怜」和「售」之间是有因果关系的,译文用「so…that…」来体现这种逻辑关系。
🎈can not help but情不自禁

 

李深源、元克己时同游,皆大喜,出自意外。
Li Shenyuan and Yuan Keji were with me and they were very happy too, thinking it a bargain.
🎈「出自意外」意思是「(认为这是)出乎意料的收获」,意即认为「我」做的这个买卖很值,译文进行了具体化,译作「thinking it a bargain」,分词短语做原因状语。其中「bargain」释义为「a thing bought for less than the usual price 减价品;便宜货」

 

即更取器用,铲刈秽草,伐去恶木,烈火而焚之。
We took to using different farming implements in turn, weeding the wild grass, chopping down dead tees and burning them off.
🎈文言词汇:「更」:轮番,一次又一次。「器用」:器具,工具。「刈」:割。
🎈「take to」的词典释义为「to begin to do sth as a habit」,在这里意思是大家开始做…。除此之外「开始从事…」还可译作set about/take up。

 

嘉木立,美竹露,奇石显。
A vision of beautiful trees and bamboos and strange rocks gradually revealed itself to our eyes.
🎈「revealed itself to our eyes」意思是「美好的景色显露出来」,除此之外「…映入眼帘」还可译作「be in sight」/「come into view」

 

由其中以望,则山之高,云之浮,溪之流,鸟兽之遨游,举熙熙然回巧献技,以效兹丘之下。
From that hillock, I observed the rising of the mountains, the floating of the clouds, and the flowing of the brook, as well as the pleasurable activities of birds and beasts, each giving its graceful performance above and below.
🎈文言词汇:「举」:全。「熙熙然」:和悦的样子。「回巧」:呈现巧妙的姿态。「技」:指景物姿态的各自的特点。「效」:效力,尽力贡献。
🎈「山之高,云之浮,溪之流,鸟兽之遨游」这组结构中,「高」「浮」「流」以及「遨游」都是名词,译文中保留了这种结构,翻译时也可转换词性,将这些名词转换成形容词,修饰名词。
🎈「浮云」常译作「floating clouds」
🎈「举熙熙然回巧献技,以效兹丘之下」意思是「…全都欢快地呈巧献技,来为这个小丘效力」,按字面意思翻译会使译文非常生硬,可作「给小丘的美景增色」解。译文译作「each giving its graceful performance above and below」,独立主格结构,做伴随状语。

枕席而卧,则清泠之状与目谋,瀯瀯之声与耳谋,悠然而虚者与神谋,渊然而静者与心谋。
I lay on a mat with a pillow under my head, my eyes conversing with the cool and refreshing air, my ears with the murmuring water, my spirit with the indifferent and detached ambience, and my heart with the serene and sedate atmosphere.
🎈文言词汇:「清泠」:形容景色清凉明澈。「谋」:这里是接触的意思。「瀯瀯」:象声词,像水回旋的声音。
🎈从「my eyes conversing with the cool and refreshing air」起后文都是独立主格结构且后文省略了多个动词「conversing」,这些主语与该动词之间的逻辑关系都为主动关系,这些独立主格结构都在句中做伴随状语。
🎈「悠然而虚者」意思是「悠远空旷的浩然之气」,译作了「the indifferent and detached ambience」,其中「ambience」释义为「the character and atmosphere of a place 环境;气氛;格调」,注意积累。
🎈「渊然而静者」意思是「恬静幽深的境界」,译作了「the serene and sedate atmosphere」,其中「sedate」释义为「quiet, especially in a way that lacks excitement 宁静的;不热闹的」,例句如下:
I live in a sedate little village in the Midlands. 
我住在英格兰中部一个宁静的小村庄里。

 

不匝旬而得异地者二,虽古好事之士,或未能至焉。
I had unveiled two places of such unsurpassable beauty in less than ten days. Even the ancient nature goers were not so fortunate as I!
🎈文言词汇:「匝旬」:满十天。「匝」,周。旬,十天为一旬。「好事」:爱好山水。「或」:或许,只怕,可能。
🎈爱好自然风光的人nature goers
🎈as…as…和so…as…的用法:
as…as…表示「与…一样…」之意;用于同级比较时,既可用于肯定句中也可用于否定句中。so…as…只能用于否定句中,也就是说,通常是以not so…as出现的。

噫!以兹丘之胜,致之沣、镐、鄠、杜,则贵游之士争买者,日增千金而愈不可得。
Alas! If this beautiful hillock were situated in places like Feng, Hao, Hu, Du, the nobility and the powerful would strive for its ownership. And it would not be available to them even should the price they offer rise one thousand pieces of gold each day.
🎈「沣、镐、鄠、杜」都是地名,翻译时要说明这一点,译成「places like Feng, Hao, Hu, Du」
🎈权贵之士the nobility and the powerful
🍒.strive for力争;争求
🎈「even should the price they offer rise…」是个倒装句,有强调的效果,用法如下:
在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if 省略,把 were, had, should 移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。

今弃是州也,农夫渔父,过而陋39之,贾四百,连岁40不能售。
As it happened, nature delivered the hillock in this locality, to be disdained by passing farmers and fishermen. For years it could not find a warden, even at a price as low as four hundred wen.
🎈文言词汇:「陋」:鄙视,轻视。「连岁」:多年,接连几年。
🎈「to be disdained by passing farmers and fishermen」是不定式结构作状语,表结果。其中「disdain」是「鄙视/蔑视」之意。

而我与深源、克己独喜得之,是其果有遭乎!
Shenyuan, Keji and I congratulated ourselves for having come upon it. Was it true that good fortune had alighted on this hillock?
🎈文言词汇:「其」:岂,难道。「遭」:遇合,运气。
🎈congratulate在这里是「感到高兴/感到自豪」之意。
🎈 alight on在这里是「降临」之意,除此之外这个词组还有「想到/发现/注意到」之意。例句如下:
Eventually, we alighted on the idea of seeking sponsorship. 
最后我们偶然想到了寻求赞助。

 

书于石,所以贺兹丘之遭也。
I have had the above words inscribed on stone to congratulate the hillock for its fortune.
🎈把…刻在石碑上常用inscribe。
🔥重点词汇
enclose     v. (用墙、篱笆等)把…围起来
英义
to build a wall, fence, etc. around sth
例句
The yard had been enclosed with iron railings. 
院子用铁栅栏围了起来。
 
bargain      n. 减价品;便宜货
英义
a thing bought for less than the usual price  
例句
He said he wasn’t prepared to bargain. 
他说他不愿讨价还价。
 
brook     n. 溪;小河;小川
英义
a small river 
例句
The Bow Brook forms the western boundary of the wood. 
鲍溪成了树林的西边界。
 
ambience      n. 环境;气氛;格调
英义
 the character and atmosphere of a place  
例句
The overall ambience of the room is cozy. 
这个房间的整体氛围是舒适的。
 
sedate     adj. 宁静的;不热闹的
英义
quiet, especially in a way that lacks excitement 
例句
I live in a sedate little village in the Midlands. 
我住在英格兰中部一个宁静的小村庄里。
 
alight     v. 降落;飞落
英义
to land in or on sth after flying to it 
例句
Eventually, we alighted on the idea of seeking sponsorship.
最后我们偶然想到了寻求赞助。
🔥重点表达
山口m ountain pass 
偶然遇到come upon
情不自禁cannot help but 
开始从事…set about/take up
爱好自然风光的人nature goers
与…竞争v ie with 
🔥表达对比
映入眼帘有几种表达方式?
1.嘉木(立),美竹(露),奇石(显)。
A vision of beautiful trees and bamboos and strange rocks gradually revealed itself to our eyes.
 
2. 那片沙滩(映入眼帘)。
The sandy beach was in sight.
 
3. 那湖很快(映入眼帘)。
The lake soon came into view.
 
4. 许多窗户的图案也都装饰得非常美丽,游客可以透过这些艳丽多彩的走廊窗户,将园内的佳境(尽收眼底)。
Many of the Windows are decorated with very beautiful patterns and designs. Tourists can have an excellent view of the garden through these colorful corridor windows.

未经允许不得转载:帕布莉卡 » 柳宗元《钴鉧潭西小丘记》 -英语翻译教程-中英双语赏析

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