THE STONE BELL MOUNTAIN苏轼Su SHI《石钟山记》是北宋文学家苏轼于宋神宗元丰七年（1084年）游石钟山后所写的一篇考察性的游记。这篇文章将议论和叙述相结合，通过夜游石钟山的实地考查，对郦道元和李渤关于石钟山得名的说法进行了分析批评，提出了“事不目见耳闻，不能臆断其有无”的论断，强调要正确判断一件事物，必须要深入实际，认真调查。表现了作者注重调查研究的求实精神，富有教育意义。《水经》云： 彭蠡之口，有石钟山焉。It is said in Shui Jing that at the mouth of the Pengli Lake is the Stone Bell Mountain. 🎈「彭蠡」：鄱阳湖的又一名称。🎈注意倒装句用法：地点+谓语+主语，起到强调地点的作用。郦元以为下临深潭，微风鼓浪，水石相搏，声如洪钟。是说也，人常疑之。Geologist Li Yuan assumed that there was a deep pond at the base of the mountain, andthat the hollow chime of a big bell was created by the waves beating against the mountain rocksin a gentle wind. However, there are those who view his theory with disbelief.🎈「微风鼓浪， 水石相搏， 声如洪钟」，英文先评论后事实，「声如洪钟」为评论性语句，因此提前翻译；同时使用被动语态，符合英文行文特点。🎈「声如洪钟」译为「the hollow chime of a big bell」，将洪钟沉闷回荡的声音译出。🎈「微风鼓浪， 水石相搏」:微风振动波浪，波浪和石头互相拍打。因有重叠部分，所以两个短句可以合并翻译。英文为静态语言，可以将中文动词转化为英文介词，注意「in a gen-tle wind」的译法。🎈 「是说也，人常疑之」：有转折含义，应该译出。人们对此说法存疑，中文动词转化为英文介词短语，故译作「with disbelief」，符合英文静态语言的特点。今以钟磬置水中， 虽大风浪不能鸣也， 而况石乎。If a bell or a stone qing, let alone a solid rock, is put into the water, even the watery bombard- ment of a tempest cannot induce it to ring. 🎈「今以钟磬置水中」：这是假设句，英文使用条件状语从句，同时运用被动语态。🎈「虽大风浪不能鸣也」：英文采用“无灵主语+有灵谓语”的形式，即：大风大浪无法诱使钟磬发出声响。英文中常有此用法，如：A sudden chill of horror swept over her. 恐惧袭遍全身。🎈「大风浪」：the watery bombardment of a tempest。至唐李渤，始访其遗踪， 得双石于潭上。 扣而聆之， 南声函胡， 北音清越， 枹止响腾， 余韵徐歇。 Then Li Bo in the Tang dynasty, following Li Yuan’s footsteps, came to the site and found two “rocks” resting on the bank of the pond. When struck with a drumstick, the southern rock sounded dull and indistinct whereas the northern one rang with crystalline clarity. When the striking stopped, the sound lingered for quite a while. 🎈「following Li Yuan’s footsteps」：该句为补充成分，可以让译文更加清晰明了。🎈「with a drumstick」：虽然该句没有说明用什么敲击，但是在后文中有提到「枹止响腾」，即用鼓槌敲击。该处也说明了结合上下文进行翻译的重要性。🎈「得双石于潭上」：译文为“在深潭边找到两块山石”，因此译作「on the bank of the pond」，而非“on the pond”。「resting」体现了石头静静呆在那里的状态。🎈 「函胡」：通“含糊”。🎈「清越」：清脆而响亮。越，高扬。译文为「with crystalline clarity」，with结构在英文中经常出现，此外两个意思相近的词语组合具有加强的作用，体现声音的清澈脆响。对于该用法，再举一例：close proximity 极为贴近。🎈「枹止响腾」：鼓槌停止了（敲击），声音还在传播。腾，传播。枹：同“桴”，鼓槌。译文并未将“枹”对应翻译出来，而是换一种表达方式，译出其动作“striking”。🎈「枹止响腾, 余韵徐歇」：译文省略「腾」的翻译，直接译为「linger」,给人一种余韵回旋停留之感。自以为得之矣。然是说也，余尤疑之。Li Bo thought that he had discovered the mountain‘s secret. But I doubt the truth of his discovery.🎈「自以为得之矣」，“之”具体所指何事，应该译出，即：自己认为找到了这个石钟山命名的原因。🎈古文中常有先提出一个话题，再对此进行表述，而英译时，可将该话题作为宾语成分，移至后方。石之铿然有声者，所在皆是也，而此独以钟名，何哉！There are rocks everywhere that make random sounds when struck by man. Why is that mountain so special as to warrant the name “Stone Bell“?🎈 「以……名」：warrant the name。元丰七年六月丁丑， 余自齐安舟行适临汝，而长子迈将赴饶之德兴尉。送之至湖口，因得观所谓石钟者。On the ninth day of June in the seventh year of Yuanfeng, I went by boat from Qi’an to Linru. It happened that Su Mai, my eldest son, was going to take up the office of magistrate in Dexing County of Raozhou. I accompanied him to Hukou so that we hadthe opportunity of seeing the so-called “Stone Bell”. 🎈「元丰七年六月丁丑」：「On the ninth day of June in the seventh year of Yuanfeng」，元丰：宋神宗的年号。六月丁丑：农历六月初九。注意古代时间的译法。🎈 「赴」：上任，译为「take up the office」🎈「因得观」：因此有机会观看。寺僧使小童持斧，于乱石间择其一二扣之，硿硿然。余固笑而不信也。A monk of a Buddhist temple sent a boy to find some rocks in a jumble of mountain rocks and strike them with an ax. They rang with a hollow sound, and I smiled with skepticism. 🎈「使小童」：让人做某事，可以用send sb. to do sth.的句型。🎈原文有多个动词，应该分析好各自成分。“持斧”可作伴随动作，“择、扣”可做并列谓语。🎈「乱石间」：in a jumble of mountain rocks。至其夜，月明，独与迈乘小舟，至绝壁下。大石侧立千尺，如猛兽奇鬼，森然欲搏人。而山上栖鹘，闻人声亦惊起，磔磔云霄间。At nightfall, my son and I rowed a boat to the foot of the precipice in the bright moonlight. Its stone face reared up before us, rising a thousand feet above the pond, like some predatory beast or monstrous behemoth poised to engulf us. A gu, a kind of fierce bird, was startled from rest by our voice, flew up with a squawking sound towards the sky.🎈「侧立千尺」：巨大的山石倾斜地立着，有千尺之高。🎈「猛兽奇鬼」：凶猛的野兽和奇异的鬼怪，译文并未翻出鬼怪，而是以庞然大物代之。🎈「森然欲搏人」：阴森森地想要攻击人，译文并未译出攻击之意，但使用了“poised、engulf”等词，也将巨大山石的形象展示出来。🎈「闻人声」：中文动词转化为英文介词短语，即「by our voice」🎈「磔磔」：鸟鸣声。又有若老人咳且笑于山谷中者，或曰，此鹳鹤也。Then a sound like the coughing and laughing of an old man echoed through the misty valley. “It is the cry of a water bird,” the boatman said. 🎈「老人咳且笑」：中文主谓结构，英文转化为名词短语，符合英文名词化结构较多的特点。🎈「the misty valley」：中文为“山谷”，英文多修饰语，因此可以加形容词修饰山谷。余方心动欲还，而大声发于水上，噌吰如钟鼓不绝。舟人大恐。A chill of fear crept over me. Just as I began to give leave for our return, a thundering chorus of unseen bells, arose from the water and continued without cease. The boatman was terrified.🎈「心动」：这里是心惊的意思。🎈 「还」：中文动词，英文译文「give leave for our return」，符合英文静态语言的特点，再举一例：购买，make a purchase。🎈「噌吰（chēng hóng）」：这里形容钟声洪亮。🎈「a thundering chorus of」：意思是齐声巨响，可见钟鼓声的连绵不断。🎈「大声发于水上，噌吰如钟鼓不绝」：两个短句可以合并为一个长句，后面的修饰部分「噌吰如钟鼓」置前。徐而察之，则山下皆石穴罅，不知其浅深，微波入焉，涵澹澎湃而为此也。I looked around and saw that the rocks at the foot of the precipice were full of crevices and cavities of unknown depths, from which this sound issued when the scourging waves surged and reverberated among them. 🎈「罅（xià）」：裂缝。🎈「不知其浅深」：中文为主谓结构，英文则转换为介词短语「of unknown depths」🎈「涵澹澎湃」：波浪激荡。涵澹，水波动荡。澎湃，波浪相激。🎈「为此」：形成这种声音。🎈「微波入焉，涵澹澎湃而为此」：英文先说结论，后说事情，因此语序需要调换。舟还至两山间，将入港口，有大石当中流，可坐百人，空中而多窍，与风水相吞吐，有窾坎镗鞳之声，与向之噌吰者相应，如乐作焉。On the way back, our boat followed a winding course nestled between two mountains. Before we entered the harbor, I spotted a huge rock standing in midstream. It is so big that about one hundred persons could sit on it. It was hollow and had many cavities. Wind and water swept in and out of them, making pounding sounds like the striking of the bell and beating of the drum, in almost deliberate counterpart to the previous sound. 🎈「 followed a winding course」：此为补充成分。🎈「nestled」：坐落，位于，是英译散文中表示位置的常见表达。🎈「风水相吞吐」：译作「Wind and water swept in and out of them」🎈 「空中」：中间是空的。🎈「窍」：窟窿。🎈「窾（kuǎn）坎镗（táng）鞳（tà）」：：窾坎，击物声。镗鞳，钟鼓声。🎈「如乐作焉」：并未直接翻译成音乐，而是译作「 deliberate counterpart to the previous sound」因笑谓迈曰： “汝识之乎？噌吰者，周景王之无射也；窾坎镗鞳者，魏庄子之歌钟也。古之人不余欺也！”I said to my son with a smile, “Do you know that the first sound is c alled ‘Wushe’, after the sound produced by a bell cast during the reign of Emperor Jing of the Zhou Dynasty, and that the second sound resembled that produced by the ‘Music Bell’ given to Wei Jiang by a prince of the Kingdom of Jin? It seems that the ancient people did not deceive us by calling this mountain the Stone Bell Mountain.” 🎈「周景王之无射」：《国语》记载，周景王二十三年（前522）铸成“无射”钟。🎈「魏庄子之歌钟」：《左传》记载，鲁襄公十一年（前561）郑人以歌钟和其他乐器献给晋侯，晋侯分一半赐给晋大夫魏绛。庄子，魏绛的谥号。歌钟，古乐器。🎈「噌吰者、窾坎镗鞳者」：这两处表达并未重复翻译，而是译作「the first and second sound」，可见英文善于替换，对于同一事物使用多种表达。事不目见耳闻， 而臆断其有无,可乎？郦元之所见闻，殆与余同，而言之不详；士大夫终不肯以小舟夜泊绝壁之下，故莫能知；而渔工水师，虽知而不能言。Is it right for one to assume that something exists without seeing or hearing it on one‘s own? Li Yuan saw and heard almost the same things as I did, but he did not write a detailed description of the scene. The scholar bureaucrats did not discover the true cause of the sound because they were loath to visit the precipice by boat at night. And although the fishermen and the boatmen knew the reason, they could not write it down. 🎈「殆」：大概。🎈「渔工水师」：渔人（和）船工。此世所以不传也。而陋者乃以斧斤考击而求之，自以为得其实。余是以记之，盖叹郦元之简，而笑李渤之陋也。This explains why most people were denied the knowledge of why the mountain was so named.They were pleased to explain the phenomenon by striking the rocks with an ax. I recorded this experience to show that I felt sorry for the sketchiness of Li Yuan’s description and could not help laughing at Li Bo‘s inept efforts. 🎈「此世所以不传也」：这（就是）世上没有流传下来（石钟山得名由来）的缘故。🎈「陋者」：浅陋的人。这里的翻译用代词表示。🎈「考」：敲击。🎈「were pleased to」：乐意做某事，体现作者对他们的讽刺。 🔥重点词汇chime 钟声，铃声英义a ringing sound, especially one that is made by a bell例句At that moment a chime sounded from the front of the house.就在那时，房前传来一声铃。 bombardment n. 轰炸，炮击英义a strong and continuous attack of gunfire or bombing.例句The city has been flattened by heavy artillery bombardments.城市已被猛烈的炮火夷为平地。 tempest n. 暴风雨，暴风雪英义a violent storm例句Torrential rain and a howling tempest cut a swathe of destruction across the country.狂风暴雨横扫全国，所到之处，一片狼藉。 behemoth n. 庞然大物，巨兽英义a very big and powerful company or organization例句The city is a sprawling behemoth with no heart.这座城市无计划地向外扩展着，成为一个中心缺失的庞然大物。 crevices n. 裂缝英义a narrow crack in a rock or wall例句A huge boulder with rare ferns growing in every crevice裂缝中全长着罕见蕨类植物的巨石🔥重点表达沉闷的钟声 the hollow chime 质疑 with disbelief大风浪 the watery bombardment of a tempest清澈脆响 crystalline clarity余韵徐歇 the sound lingered for quite a while让人做某事 send sb. to do sth.杂乱 in a jumble耸立rear up离去give leave for our return不停without cease波浪激荡 the scourging waves surged and reverberated among them士大夫 scholar bureaucrat🔥表达对比描写海浪的表达有几种？1.微风鼓浪，水石相搏the waves beating against the mountain rocks in a gentle wind2.大风浪the watery bombard- ment of a tempest 3.微波入焉，涵澹澎湃from which this sound issued when the scourging waves surged and reverberated among them描写声响的表达有几种？1.声如洪钟the hollow chime of a big bell2.南声函胡， 北音清越， 枹止响腾， 余韵徐歇。The southern rock sounded dull and indistinct whereas the northern one rang with crystalline clarity. When the striking stopped, the sound lingered for quite a while. 3.磔磔云霄间 with a squawking sound towards the sky4.又有若老人咳且笑于山谷中者，或曰，此鹳鹤也。Then a sound like the coughing and laughing of an old man echoed through the misty valley. “It is the cry of a water bird,” the boatman said. 5.而大声发于水上，噌吰如钟鼓不绝a thundering chorus of unseen bells, arose from the water and continued without cease6.空中而多窍，与风水相吞吐，有窾坎镗鞳之声，与向之噌吰者相应，如乐作焉。 It was hollow and had many cavities. Wind and water swept in and out of them, making pounding sounds like the striking of the bell and beating of the drum, in almost deliberate counterpart to the previous sound.
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爱是一颗心遇到另一颗心（出处+配图） 
