The Old Man Who Would Move Mountains列子 〔先秦〕Liehtse太行、王屋二山，方七百里，高万仞，本在冀州之南，河阳之北。北山愚公者，年且九十，面山而居。惩山北之塞，出入之迂也，聚室而谋曰：“吾与汝毕力平险，指通豫南，达于汉阴，可乎？”杂然相许。其妻献疑曰：“以君之力，曾不能损魁父之丘，如太行、王屋何？且焉置土石？”杂曰：“投诸渤海之尾，隐土之北。”遂率子孙荷担者三夫，叩石垦壤，箕畚运于渤海之尾。邻人京城氏之孀妻有遗男，始龀，跳往助之。寒暑易节，始一反焉。河曲智叟笑而止之曰：“甚矣，汝之不惠！以残年余力，曾不能毁山之一毛，其如土石何？”北山愚公长息曰：“汝心之固，固不可彻，曾不若孀妻弱子。虽我之死，有子存焉；子又生孙，孙又生子；子又有子，子又有孙；子子孙孙无穷匮也，而山不加增，何苦而不平？”河曲智叟亡以应。操蛇之神闻之，惧其不已也，告之于帝。帝感其诚，命夸娥氏二子负二山，一厝朔东，一厝雍南。自此，冀之南，汉之阴，无陇断焉。🎈背景知识《愚公移山》是《列子》中的一篇寓言小品文。文章叙述了愚公不畏艰难，坚持不懈，挖山不止，最终感动天帝而将山挪走的故事。通过愚公的坚持不懈与智叟的胆小怯懦，以及「愚」与「智」的对比，表现了中国古代劳动人民的信心和毅力，说明了要克服困难就必须坚持不懈的道理。全文叙次井然，首尾呼应，情节完整，对话生动，毕肖声口，符合个性的对白极好地推动故事情节的发展。太行、王屋二山，方七百里，高万仞，本在冀州之南，河阳之北。The two mountains Taihang (in Shansi) and Wangwu cover a territory of seven hundred square li, and are ten thousand cubits high. They were formerly situated in the south of Chichou and north of Hoyang.🎈表示面积cover/the area of sth is🎈表示地理位置be located/be situated🎈仞，古代计量单位：一仞（周尺八尺或七尺.周尺一尺约合二十三厘米）。An ancient unit of length北山愚公者，年且九十，面山而居。惩山北之塞，出入之迂也，聚室而谋曰：“吾与汝毕力平险，指通豫南，达于汉阴，可乎？”Old Man Fool of the North Mountain was about ninety years old and he lived in a house facing the mountain. He did not like the mountains blocking his way and making him go up and down or around the mountains when he left home. He asked his families to come together and said to them, “You and I shall set to work with all our strength and level mountains so that we may have a path leading straight to Yünan (Honan) , and reaching clear to the northern bank of the Han River (in Hupeh) . What do you say?”🎈「北山愚公者，年且九十」北山、九十为修饰语，可以处理成后置定语、定语从句或者同位语，但不能像中文一样处理成流水句。🎈「面山而居」表面上主语是愚公，实则为房子，要注意甄别和添加。🎈「惩山北之塞，出入之迂也」意思是「他苦于山区北部的阻塞，出来进去都要绕道」🎈惩（chéng）：这里是「苦于，为……所苦」的意思。🎈塞（sè）：阻塞。🎈迂（yū）：曲折、绕远。杂然相许。其妻献疑曰：“以君之力，曾不能损魁父之丘，如太行、王屋何？且焉置土石？”The family agreed, but his wife said, “With your strength,you can’t even do anything with the K’ueifu Hill. How can you do anything with the Taihang and Wangwu? Besides,where are you going to put away all the rocks and soil? ”🎈「杂然相许。其妻献疑曰」英语为逻辑外显语言，此处隐含转折关系。🎈曾（zēng）：副词，加强否定语气，可译为「连……也……」，常与「不」连用。🎈魁父：古代一座小山的名称，在现今河南省开封县陈留镇境内。魁（kuí）🎈置：安放。🎈且：况且。🎈焉：疑问代词，哪里。杂曰：“投诸渤海之尾，隐土之北。”The various people said, “We can throw them into the end of the Puhai (Gulf of Peichili, south of Manchuria) and north of Yintu (Siberia).”🎈The various people为前文the family的替代说法，避免重复，前文提到中文喜重复，而英文相反。遂率子孙荷担者三夫，叩石垦壤，箕畚运于渤海之尾。邻人京城氏之孀妻有遗男，始龀，跳往助之。寒暑易节，始一反焉。He then led three of his children and grandchildren who could carry loads, and began to chip the rocks and shovel the soil, and carried them in baskets to the end of Puhai. An orphan boy of the neighbor’s widow by the name of Chingch’eng,who had just shed his milk teeth, jumped along and came to help them, and returned home only once a season.🎈荷（hè）：扛的意思。🎈夫：成年男子。🎈箕畚（jī běn）簸箕，一种用竹片或柳条编成的器具。这里是用箕畚装土石的意思。🎈孀（shuāng） ：孀妻，寡妇。🎈遗男：遗孤，单亲孤儿，遗腹子。🎈龀（chèn）：儿童换牙齿，乳齿脱落后重新长恒齿。这里始龀表示年龄，约七八岁。龀，换牙。🎈寒暑易节：冬夏换季，指一年的时间。易，交换。节，季节。🎈始一反焉：才往返一次。反，通「返」往返。🎈“邻人京城氏之孀妻有遗男，始龀，跳往助之。”中文流水句，表面上主语为“孀妻”，但英文讲究逻辑外显，多为主句加从句结构，其中又包括定语或定语词组，因此“邻人京城氏之孀妻”“始龀”均为主语的定语。河曲智叟笑而止之曰：“甚矣，汝之不惠！以残年余力，曾不能毁山之一毛，其如土石何？”The wise man of Hoch’ü laughed at the old man and tried to stop him, saying, “What a fool you are! With all the strength and years left to you,you can’t even scratch the surface of this mountain. What can you do about the rocks and soil? ”🎈「其如土石何」又能把泥土石头怎么样呢。对待、处理，可用do about/deal with🎈「不能毁山之一毛」连山上的一棵草都动不了。如果按字面义，就是touch the grass on the mountain，但翻译译义不译形，原文真正表达的是「浅尝辄止」「只触及了表面」北山愚公长息曰：“汝心之固，固不可彻，曾不若孀妻弱子。虽我之死，有子存焉。子又生孙，孙又生子；子又有子，子又有孙；子子孙孙无穷匮也，而山不加增，何苦而不平？”河曲智叟亡以应。Old Man Fool of North Mountain drew a deep sigh and said, “Your mind is so blocked up that you cannot think straight. You are of less use than the widow and the boy. When I die, there will be my children (to carry on the work) , and the children will have grandchildren, and the grandchildren will again have children, and the children will again have grandchildren. So my children and grandchildren are endless, while the mountain cannot grow bigger in size. Why shouldn’t it be leveled some day? ”The wise man could not make any reply.🎈「长息曰」叹息和说可合并为动词sighWell, there’s nothing we can do about it now, she sighed.唉,我们现在对此无能为力，她叹口气说。🎈「汝心之固，固不可彻」逻辑「如此以至于」，用so that结构。🎈「子又生孙，孙又生子；子又有子，子又有孙」注意「子又有子」第一个「子」指上个分句的grandchildren。🎈汝心之固，固不可彻：你思想顽固，顽固到了不可改变的地步。彻，通。🎈匮（kuì）：竭尽的意思。🎈虽我之死：即使我死了。虽，即使。之，用在主谓之间，无实意。🎈苦：愁。🎈亡（wú）以应：没有话来回答。亡，通「无」操蛇之神闻之，惧其不已也，告之于帝。帝感其诚，命夸娥氏二子负二山，一厝朔东，一厝雍南。自此，冀之南，汉之阴，无陇断焉。Now the Mountain God heard about it and was worried that the efforts at levelling the Mountains would not cease, and he went to speak to God. God was touched by the old man’s sincerity of heart and ordered the two sons of Kuashih to carry the two mountains and placed one in Sutung and one in Yungnan. From then on,the south of Chichow and north of Han River became level ground.🎈操蛇之神：神话中的山神，手里拿着蛇，所以叫操蛇之神。操，持。🎈惧其不已：怕他不停地干下去。其，愚公。已，停止。🎈帝：神话中的天帝。🎈感其诚：被他的诚心所感动。感，被……感动。🎈夸娥氏：神话中力气很大的神。🎈负：背。🎈厝（cuò）：同“措”，放置。🎈朔东：就是朔方以东地区，指山西省的东部。🎈雍：就是雍州，在现今陕西、甘肃省一带地区。🎈陇断：即垄断，山冈高地🔥重点词汇scratchv. 挠，搔；划伤，刮坏；勉强维生；取消n. 划痕，划伤；刮/擦的刺耳声；挠痒adj. 仓促拼凑的；无让步的John yawned and scratched his chin.约翰打个哈欠，挠挠下巴。orphann. 孤儿vt. 使成为孤儿The war has left thousands of children as orphans.这场战争使成千上万的孩子成为孤儿。🔥重点表达惩山北之塞，出入之迂也He did not like the mountains blocking his way and making him go up and down or around the mountains when he left home.投诸渤海之尾，隐土之北We can throw them into the end of the Puhai (Gulf of Peichili, south of Manchuria) and north of Yintu (Siberia).汝之不惠！What a fool you are! 汝心之固，固不可彻Your mind is so blocked up that you cannot think straight. 🔥表达对比scratch the surface在不同语境中的用法To make an investigation one should go into matters deeply, not just scratch the surface.做调查工作不能蜻蜓点水, 要深入实际.Hitachi protective film to protect the loss scratch the surface, leaving any residue!日立保护膜,保护表面防刮损, 不留残胶!3.These solutions will only scratch the surface.这些解决方案只能治标,不能治本.
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