《潍县寄舍弟墨第四书》 -英语翻译教程-中英双语赏析

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潍县寄舍弟墨第四书

Fourth Letter To Brother Mo, From Weihsien
凡人读书,原拿不定发达。然即不发达要不可以不读书,主意便拿定也。科名不来,学问在我,原不是折本的买卖。愚兄而今已发达矣,人亦共称愚兄为善读书矣,究竟自问胸中担得出几卷书来?不过挪移借贷,改窜添补,便尔钓名欺世人有负于书耳,书亦何负于人哉!昔有人间沈近思侍郎如何是救贫的良法?沈曰:读书。其人以为迂阔其实不迂阔也。东投西窜,费时失业,徒丧其品而卒归于无济,何如优游书史中,不求获而得力在眉睫间乎!信此言,则富贵,不信,则贫贱,亦在人之有识与有决并有忍耳。
🔥这段家信是郑板桥对堂弟郑墨说读书的好处,立论的角度则很别致:即使不中举,也不可以不读书。因为“科名不来,学问在我,原不是折本的买卖”。然后举自己为例,其实并没有多少学问,只不过通过读书,将圣贤的学问,东挪一点,西借一点,抄抄改改、修修补补成就了今日。但是,即使能达到上述这一目标,也需要有决心,并能持之以恒,这更重要。人说板桥狂放,目中无人,聛睨一世,但从此信来看,内心深处还是很谦逊坦诚的。当然,此信的说法也是为了安慰对方郑墨,给这位小自己二十五岁的堂弟以人生道路的指引。
 

凡人读书,原拿不定发达。
When a man goes to school, he cannot be certain that he will become an official.
🎈「凡人」此处「凡」作副词,总是。「凡人」也可指普通人,即ordinary people
🎈“发达”即发迹、显达。

 
然即不发达,要不可以不读书,主意便拿定也。
But whether he becomes an official or not, he should make up his mind to study.
🎈「即」:即使
🎈「主意便拿定也」即下定决心,make up mind to do/be determined to

 
科名不来,学问在我,原不是折本的买卖。
If one fails in the examinations, the knowledge gained still remains his own and it should not be regarded as a losing investment.
🎈如果考试失败,获得的知识仍然是自己的,不应被视为失败投资。
🎈investment作投资本身这种行为时为不可数名词。作购买物时为可数名词,比如buy a pair of shoes as an investment。

 
愚兄而今已发达矣,人亦共称愚兄为善读书矣,究竟自问胸中担得出几卷书来?
I, for instance, have become successful and am reputed to have a good knowledge of books. But when I ask myself. I cannot say how many books I have really absorbed into my heart. 
🎈我这个做哥哥的,世人都称赞我会读书,但扪心自问,胸中又有多少学问?

 
不过挪移借贷,改窜添补,便尔钓名欺世人有负于书耳,书亦何负于人哉!
All we do usually is to borrow from one book and adapt from others. Thus gaining a reputation by cheating. The scholars owe a debt to the books, while the books owe nothing to them.
🎈不过是从圣贤书中东挪一点,西借一点,抄抄改改、修修补补,以此沽名钓誉、欺骗世人耳目而已,如此看来,是读书人对不起书,不是书本对不起读书人了。
🎈「钓名欺世人」即沽名钓誉,作谓语、宾语、定语;指人猎取名誉 。我知道你只不过是沽名钓誉,却不倒长他的志气,灭我的威风。明·张凤翼《灌园记·齐王拒谏》,gaining a reputation by cheating
🎈The scholars owe a debt to the books, while the books owe nothing to them. while表转折。

 
昔有人间沈近思侍郎如何是救贫的良法?沈曰:读书。
Formerly someone asked Shen Chinsze what to do to avoid poverty, and his reply was to read books.
🎈救贫avoid/eradicate/eliminate poverty or shake off poverty or lift sb out of poverty
脱贫攻坚战a battle against poverty/anti-poverty campaign

 
其人以为迂阔其实不迂阔也。
The man thought Shen’s advice was impractical, but it is practical. 
🎈「迂阔」思想行为不切实际。例句,《汉书·王吉传》:上以其言迂阔,不甚宠异也。
《抱朴子·安贫》:张鱼网於峻极之巅,施钓缗於修木之末,虽自以为得所,犹未免乎迂阔也。

 
东投西窜,费时失业,徒丧其品而卒归于无济,何如优游书史中,不求获而得力在眉睫间乎!
A man loses his character by rushing about and attending to worthless affairs and in the end gains nothing. It would be better for him to wander about in the land of books and history, without any object of seeking benefit, but suddenly coming upon some truth before his very eyes. 
🎈一个人因为四处奔波、处理毫无价值的事情而失去了自己的性格,最终什么也得不到。对他来说,最好畅游在书籍和历史的海洋中,没有任何寻求利益的目的。然后,突然发现一些真理。
🎈徒丧其品character,除指角色,文字符号,也可指个人品格,比如,maintain good character

 
信此言,则富贵,不信,则贫贱,亦在人之有识与有决并有忍耳。
Who believes in this advice will become successful and who does not will remain poor. It all depends on whether one has the wit to realize it and to act on it and whether one has persistence.
🎈相信这个建议的人会成功,就不会继续贫穷。这完全取决于一个人是否有智慧去意识到这一点并采取行动,以及一个人是否坚持不懈。
🎈「有识」:有智慧,有远见卓识,have the wisdom/wit/vision to do
🎈「有忍」:坚韧不拔,be persistent/have persistence
 
🔥重点词汇
reputed
adj. 名誉好的;号称…的,据说是…的
v. 认为( repute的过去式);称为
This football team was once reputed to be invincible.
这支足球队曾被誉为无敌的劲旅.
 
persistent
adj. 持续的,坚持不懈的
persistent rumours
持续流传的谣言
 
🔥重点表达
折本的买卖a losing investment
挪移借贷,改窜添补 
borrow from one book and adapt from others
钓名欺世人 
gaining a reputation by cheating
东投西窜,费时失业
losing his character by rushing about and attending to worthless affairs 
信此言,则富贵,不信,则贫贱
Who believes in this advice will become successful and who does not will remain poor. 
 
🔥表达对比
「学问」一词的多样表达
 
科名不来,学问在我,原不是折本的买卖。
If one fails in the examinations, the knowledge gained still remains his own and it should not be regarded as a losing investment.
 
他混迹于有魅力、有学问或有名气的人当中。
He surrounds himself with attractive, intelligent, or well-known people.
 
他的学问显然博大精深。
His erudition was apparently endless.
 
把物理学界定为一门探求简单规律的学问
the characterization of physics as the study of simplicity

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