《The cost of government 政府的开支》 -英语翻译教程-中英双语赏析

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The cost of government

政府的开支

If a nation is essentially disunited, it is left to the government to hold it together.

如果一个国家实际上处于分裂状态,使之联合起来就是政府的事了。

🎈essentially     adv.

1. 本质上,根本上

2. 大体上,基本

例句

There are three essentially different ways of tackling the problem.

这个问题有三种本质上不同的解决方法。

The list is essentially complete.

清单大体完成了。

🎈让某人决定或负责某事leave sth. to sb.

例句

I’ll leave it to you to buy the tickets.

我把买票的事交给你了。

🎈使……团结一致hold sth. together


 

This increases the expense of government, and reduces correspondingly the amount of economic resources that could be used for developing the country.

这样的一来就增加了政府的开支,从而相应地减少了可以用来发展国家的那部分经济资源。

🎈number和amount的区别:简单来说,number常修饰[C],amount常修饰[U]或一团/群事物。

Number is regularly used with count nouns a large number of mistakes while amount is mainly used with mass nouns annual amount of rainfall.

The use of amount with count nouns has been frequently criticized; it usually occurs when the number of things is thought of as a mass or collection glad to furnish any amount of black pebbles or when money is involved a substantial amount of loans.

🎈把…用来…use sth. for (doing) sth.

例句

They were using animals for scientific experiments.

他们把动物用于科学实验。


 

And it should not be forgotten how small those resources are in a poor and backward country.

不应忘记,在一个贫穷落后的国家里,那部分财力是很有限的。

🎈backward adj.落后的

发育缓慢/成绩落后的孩子a backward child [根据具体语境判断]


 

Where the cost of government is high, resources for development are correspondingly low.

凡是政府管理费用高的地方,用于发展国家经济的资金就会相应地减少。

🎈Where the cost of government is high是地点状从。for development作resources的后置定语。


 

This may be illustrated by comparing the position of a nation with that of a private business enterprise.

把国家的状况同私人企业的状况加以比较,就可以看清这个问题。

🎈illustrate v.(用例子、图表等)说明,阐明

例句

To illustrate my point, let me tell you a little story.

为了阐明我的观点,我给你讲个小故事吧。

通过…来说明 be illustrated by …

充分/清楚/戏剧性/生动地阐明… amply / clearly / dramatically / graphically / vividly illustrate …

illustration n. 1. 插图;2. 例证,例子

🎈作对比

compare … with / and …[强调区别或相似之处]

contrast … with / and …[强调区别]

🎈position n.地位,处境,状况

处于微妙的处境/统治性地位/有利地位/不利地位 in a / an delicate / dominating / favorable / adverse position

使某人处于…境况 put sb. in a very awkward position


 

An enterprise has to incur certain costs and expenses in order to stay in business.

一个企业为了继续经营,不得不支出一定的费用和开销。

🎈(公司)经营,运转in business

例句

The company has been in business for over thirty years.

这家公司已经运营了三十多年了。


 

For our purposes, we are concerned only with one kind of cost-the cost of managing and administering the business.

就我们的目的而言,我们只关心一种费用——企业行政管理费。

🎈purposes n. [pl.] 需要

出于……的需要for … purposes

例句

These gifts count as income for tax purposes.

出于报税的需要,这些礼物也被算成了收入。

🎈与某事物有关,涉及某事物be concerned with sth/be about sth.

为某事担忧be concerned about / for sth.或be worried about sth.


 

Such administrative overheads in a business are analogous to the cost of government in a nation.

一家企业的行政管理开支类似于一个国家的政府管理所用的开支。

🎈overheads n. [pl](企业运转所需要的)经费(如房租、电费、取暖费、薪金)

例句

Heavy overheads reduced his profits.

沉重的经费降低了他的利润。

🎈和…类似be analogous to / with …


 

The administrative overheads of a business are low to the extent that everyone working in the business can be trusted to behave in a way that best promotes the interests of the firm.

企业的管理费用低的程度,公司里人的行为是可以信任的以最佳方式促进公司利益。

🎈to the extent that … 1. 以至于…2. 只要…,只有…

例句

Violence increased to the extent that residents were afraid to leave their homes.

暴力增加了,以至于居民都害怕出门。

Expenses are deductible only to the extent that in aggregate they exceed 7 percent of income.

只有总计超过工资的百分之七,费用才会被减免。

🎈interest n. [C usually pl, U] benefit, advantage 好处,利益

保护/照顾某人利益protect / safeguard / look after sb’s interest(s)

为某人的利益,对某人有好处in sb.’s interest(s): for or to sb.’s advantage


 

If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities, and to exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere, then administrative overheads will be low.

如果企业的每个人都信得过,人人都认真负责,在各自的工作范围内发挥主动性,行政管理费用就会降低。

🎈as falls within their sphere是非限定性定从,因为前文有such,故此处关系词用as。复习:限定性定从中若有特定的呼应词as / so / such / the same等,则用as不用which。

例句

I need the tool which you are using.

I need the same tool as you are using.

I need such a tool as you are using.

I need as useful a tool as you are using.

Such inns as there were were generally dirty and flea-ridden.

🎈肩负起…责任take (on / over) / accept / assume / bear / shoulder responsibility for (doing) sth.

🎈exercise v. (fml.)使用,运用,利用

例句

When she appeared in court she exercised her right to remain silent.

出庭时,她行使了保持沉默的权利。

🎈fall v.属于……

属于…fall within / into / under …

例句

The judge said that this matter did not fall within the scope of the auditor’s duties.

法官表示这件事情不在审计员的职责范围之内。

🎈sphere n. 范围

某人工作范围之外的事 matters outside one’s sphere of operation


 

It will be low because it will be necessary to have only one man looking after each job without having another man to check upon what he is doing, keep him in line, and report on him to someone else.

行政管理费用的降低的原因是:每项工作只需要一个人去完成,用不着另外再有一个人检查工作。督促他遵守章程,或向有关人士汇报他的工作。

🎈让某人做某事

have sb. doing sth. (强调进行时,一直在做…)

have sb. (to) do(无所谓是否一直在做)

例句

She had us working day after day.

她让我们日复一日地工作。

I will have someone to translate the story for me.

我将请人为我翻译这个故事。

🎈look after= take care of

1.照顾,照料

2负责处理…

照顾孩子们look after the kids

处理生意look after the business

🎈检查,核查,监督check on / upon …

例句

Honey, can you go upstairs and check on the kids?

亲爱的,你能上楼看看孩子们的情况吗?

🎈得到控制,有秩序in line

例句

The government passed a new law to keep prices in line.

政府通过了一项控制物价的新法律。

🎈(向某人)汇报关于…的情况report on … (to sb.)

例句

He reported on the whole event (to the minister).

他向部长汇报整个事件的情况。

 


But if no one can be trusted to act in a loyal and responsible manner towards his job, then the business will require armies of administrators, checkers and foremen and administrative overheads will rise correspondingly.

但是,如果企业中谁也不可信赖会对工作尽忠守职,那么企业就会需大批的管理人员、检查人员和带班人员,管理费用就会相应在增加。

🎈manner n. [sing]态度

对…的态度manner towards …

🎈foreman n. (pl foremen) 领班;工头


 

As administrative overheads rise, so the earnings of the business after meeting the expense of administration, will fall; and the business will have less money to distribute as dividends or invest directly in its future progress and development.

管理费用増加了,那么在扣除管理费用后,企业的收入就降低了。因此用于分红的金额就用于将来开拓和发展的投资就相应地减少了。

🎈As administrative overheads rise可以理解为原因状从或表伴随,考虑到后文有so,理解为表原因更贴合。

🎈earnings n. [pl.] 1. 薪水 2. 公司的利润

🎈meet v. 支付,偿付(某费用)

支付所有费用/账单 meet all the expenses / bills

🎈distribute v.分配,分发= give out

在…中分发…/把…分发给…distribute sth. among / to sb.

🎈dividend n.(付给股票持有者的)股息,红利


 

It is precisely the same with a nation.

一个国家的情况也完全相同。

🎈with a nation(对一个国家来说)作状语。


 

To the extent that the people can be relied on to behave in a loyal and responsible manner, the government does not require armies of police and civil servants to keep them in order.

如果人民忠于职守,举止规矩,能受到政府的信赖,那么政府就不需要大批的警察和文职人员运去促使人民遵纪守法。

🎈army n. 团体,大军

大批,大队… army of …

大批营救人员armies of rescue workers

🎈civil servant n.公务员,政府的文职人员[someone employed in the civil service(内政部门)]

🎈使…守规矩keep sb. in order

例句

Some teachers find it difficult to keep their classes in order.


 

But if a nation is disunited, the government cannot be sure that the actions of the people will be in the interests of the nation; and it will have to watch, check, and control the people accordingly. A disunited nation therefore has to incur unduly high costs of government.

但是,如果一个国家处于分裂状态,政府不能相信人民的行动有利于国家,那么政府就不得不对人民进行监督、检查和控制。因此,一个处于分裂的国家必须要支付过高的行政管理费用。

🎈that the actions of the people will be in the interests of the nation可以看作形容词sure的补足语。

🎈accordingly adv. 1. 因此= therefore 2. 相应地

例句

They have broken the rules and will be punished accordingly.

他们违反了规则,将会受到相应的惩罚。

 

🔥必背词汇

correspondingly     adv. 相应地,从而,因此

corresponding adj. 类似的,相应的

例句

As the course becomes more difficult, there’s usually a corresponding drop in attendance.

随着课程难度增加,出席率也往往随之下降。

correspond v. 1相一致,相符合;2相当于;3通信

与…一致/相符correspond with / to …

相当于correspond to …

与…通信correspond with …

例句

Your account and hers correspond. = Your account of events corresponds with / to hers.

你和她对事件的描述一致。

correspondence n.

1. [C]紧密联系

2. [U or singular]通信

3. n. [U]某人的信件

 

incur      v. 蒙受经济损失,不得不支付;招致,招惹

不得不支付开销/蒙受损失/债务等 incur costs / losses / debts etc.

招致不愉快/惹某人生气incur sb’s displeasure / wrath etc.

【形近词】occur v. 发生

concur v. 同意;同时发生

同意…concur with …

recur v. 再次发生,反复发生

复发的疾病/反复出现的噩梦a recurring illness / nightmare

 

administer      v. 1管理;2给予,施以

管理慈善机构/基金/学校to administer a charity / fund / school

给(病人)药/给予救济to administer medicine / relief

administrator n. [C] 管理人员,行政人员

administrative adj. 管理的,行政的

管理人员/行政责任/行政工作/行政开销administrative staff / duties / job / costs

administration n. 1. [U] 管理2. [C](尤指美国)政府3. [U] 给予,施以

给予公正the administration of justice

开镇静剂the administration of sedatives

 

analogous      adj. 类似的

与…类似be analogous to / with …

作对比 draw / make an analogy = make a comparison

例句

He drew an analogy between the brain and a vast computer.

他把大脑比作了一台巨大的计算机。

 

initiative       n. 1.[U]积极性,主动性;2[Sing]主动权

一个缺乏当领导积极性的人 a man who lacks the initiative to be a leader

【词根】“it” = to go

initial adj. 最初的;n. 姓名首字母;v. 签姓名首字母

initiate v. 发起,创始;接纳……为新成员

initiation n. 发起,创始;入会

initiator n. 发起人,创始者

initiative n. 积极性,主动性;主动权

itinerary n. 行程,旅行计划

circuit n. 环行线,周线;电路

circuitous adj. 迂回的,曲折的

transit n. 运输

transition n. 过渡

transitional adj. 过渡性的

 

unduly      adv. 过度地= excessively

undue = excessive adj. 过度的

 

due     adj. 1.适当的=proper, suitable 2.预期的,到时间的

例句

When’s the baby due?

预产期是什么时候?

预期/应该… be due to do sth.

例句

His new book is due to be published next year.

他的新书预计明年出版。

 

🔥重点表达

与…一致/相符correspond with / to …

相当于correspond to …

与…通信correspond with …

不得不支付开销/蒙受损失/债务等 incur costs / losses / debts etc.

招致不愉快/惹某人生气incur sb’s displeasure / wrath etc.

复发的疾病/反复出现的噩梦a recurring illness / nightmare

管理慈善机构/基金/学校to administer a charity / fund / school

给(病人)药/给予救济to administer medicine / relief

管理人员/行政责任/行政工作/行政开销administrative staff / duties / job / costs

与…类似be analogous to / with …

作对比 draw / make an analogy = make a comparison

预期/应该… be due to do sth.

让某人决定或负责某事leave sth. to sb.

使……团结一致hold sth. together

把…用来…use sth. for (doing) sth.

发育缓慢/成绩落后的孩子a backward child [根据具体语境判断]

通过…来说明 be illustrated by …

充分/清楚/戏剧性/生动地阐明… amply / clearly / dramatically / graphically / vividly illustrate …

处于微妙的处境/统治性地位/有利地位/不利地位 in a / an delicate / dominating / favorable / adverse position

使某人处于…境况 put sb. in a very awkward position

出于……的需要for … purposes

与某事物有关,涉及某事物be concerned with sth/be about sth.

为某事担忧be concerned about / for sth.或be worried about sth.

保护/照顾某人利益protect / safeguard / look after sb’s interest(s)

为某人的利益,对某人有好处in sb.’s interest(s): for or to sb.’s advantage

肩负起…责任take (on / over) / accept / assume / bear / shoulder responsibility for (doing) sth.

属于…fall within / into / under …

某人工作范围之外的事 matters outside one’s sphere of operation

检查,核查,监督check on / upon …

得到控制,有秩序in line

(向某人)汇报关于…的情况report on … (to sb.)

对…的态度manner towards …

支付所有费用/账单 meet all the expenses / bills

在…中分发…/把…分发给…distribute sth. among / to sb.

大批,大队… army of …

使…守规矩keep sb. in order

公务员,政府的文职人员civil servant

 

🔥复盘测试

与…一致/相符

相当于

与…通信

不得不支付开销/蒙受损失/债务等

招致不愉快/惹某人生气

复发的疾病/反复出现的噩梦

管理慈善机构/基金/学校

给(病人)药/给予救济

管理人员/行政责任/行政工作/行政开销

与…类似

作对比

预期/应该…

让某人决定或负责某事

使……团结一致

把…用来…

发育缓慢/成绩落后的孩子

通过…来说明

充分/清楚/戏剧性/生动地阐明…

处于微妙的处境/统治性地位/有利地位/不利地位

使某人处于…境况

出于……的需要

与某事物有关,涉及某事物

为某事担忧

保护/照顾某人利益

为某人的利益,对某人有好处

肩负起…责任

属于…

某人工作范围之外的事

检查,核查,监督

得到控制,有秩序

(向某人)汇报关于…的情况

对…的态度

支付所有费用/账单

在…中分发…/把…分发给…

大批,大队…

使…守规矩

公务员,政府的文职人员

未经允许不得转载:帕布莉卡 » 《The cost of government 政府的开支》 -英语翻译教程-中英双语赏析

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