《Adolescence 青春期》 -英语翻译教程-中英双语赏析

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Adolescence

青春期

Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let the adolescents see that they are annoyed.

当家长听到孩子赞扬自己朋友的家时，总感到不安，认为孩子在嫌弃自家的饭菜、卫生、或家具，而且常常会愚蠢地让孩子看出自己的烦恼。

🎈upset adj. 心中不是滋味的unhappy, worried or angry

不要自找麻烦。Don’t upset the apple cart.

🎈如此…以至于…

be … enough to do sth.= be so … as to do sth.

be … enough that …= be so … that …

🎈annoy v.使不高兴

annoyed a.不高兴的

annoying a.令人不快的

They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some spiteful remark about the friends’ parents.

他们甚至责备孩子不忠，或者讲些小朋友家长的坏话。

🎈因某事指责某人

accuse sb. of sth.（强调情绪性）

blame sb. for sth./blame sth. on sb. （强调某人应对某事负责）

censure sb. for sth.（严厉指责）

condemn/denounce … for / as … [因…谴责…/把…谴责为…]

scold sb. for sth.（强调长辈对晚辈）

rebuke / reprimand sb. for sth.（上级对下级）

admonish sb. for sth.（温和告诫）

🎈对…发表评论 make a remark about / on …

Such a loss of dignity and descent into childish behaviour on the part of the adults deeply shocks the adolescents, and makes them resolve that in future they will not talk to their parents about the places or people they visit.

家长这种有失身份和孩子气的作法使青春期的孩子大为震惊，决心以后不再向父母讲述去过的地方和见过的人。

🎈descend v. 下降；堕落 → descent n.

堕落到（做）…/（的状态）descend to + n. / doing

堕落到去欺诈descend to fraud

堕落到去骂大街descend to abuse

🎈由某人做出的on the part of sb. / on sb.’s part

例句

It was a mistake on my part.

这是我的错。

对某人而言for one’s part

部分地，某种程度上in part = partly= to some degree

🎈resolve    v.1解决 2决定

解决问题/争端resolve a problem / dispute

决定… resolve to do … / that … = decide to do … / that …

🎈从今往后in future

在未来in the future

Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves.

不要很久，家长就会抱怨孩子守口如瓶，什么事也不告诉他们，殊不知这是他们自找的。

🎈不久之后，要不了多少before very long

before too long

before much longer

before long

soon

🎈will be complaining that…：将来进行时（will be doing…想必…）表示早就知道某事一定会发生。

例句

He will soon be working in an office.

他很快就会在办公室里工作了。

🎈secret a.秘密的，机密的，不能公开的

secretive a.爱保密的，不愿公开的，守口如瓶的

对（过往/计划等）守口如瓶be secretive / close / reticent about one’s past / plan …

🎈把…带给… bring sth. to …

给某人带来倒霉事/不愉快bring sth. on / upon sb.

咎由自取/自己作的/自找的 bring sth. on / upon oneself

你自作自受。You deserve it.

You got what you deserve.

You’re asking for it.

It serves you right.

It’s of your own making.

As you’ve made your bed, now you have to lie on it.

Disillusionment with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable.

不管家长的人品有多么好，作为父母有多么合格，孩子们对家长幻想的破灭在某种程度上是不可避免的。

🎈with the parents是Disillusionment的后置定语。however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals是插入的让步状语从句。

🎈inevitable a.不可避免的，必然会发生的

[口]某事无从避免sth. can’t be helped

Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation.

大多数孩子对父母估价过高，除非父母自身不能令人满意，以致这种估价很难指望经受住现实的考验。

🎈unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory是条件状从。such….that…连用。

🎈对某人期望很高/有很高的期望值 have a high ideal of sb.

对某人寄予厚望/期望很低have high / low expectations of sb. / sth.

🎈经得起…，经受住…stand up to sth. = withstand sth.

反抗某人stand up to sb.

符合…，达到…live / come up to sth.

不辜负某人的期望live / come up to one’s expectations

尊敬某人look up to sb.

鄙视某人look down on/upon sb.

总计为…add up to sth.

面对（某种难题或困境）face up to sth. = face / confront sth.

开始意识到…wake up to sth. = start to realize sth.

Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility, and how much this faith means to a child.

如果家长意识到孩子们通常是多么相信家长的品行和绝对正确，那么家长会大为吃惊和深受感动的。意识到孩子们的这种信念会对孩子产生多么大的影响。

🎈相信… have belief / faith / confidence in …

🎈这对我很重要。

It weighs heavily with me.

It matters to me.

It means a lot to me.

It makes a lot of difference to me.

原句可改写为：how much this faith matters to a child

/how much this faith weighs with a child

/how much difference this faith makes to a child

If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.

如果家长对青少年的这种反应有思想准备，并且意识到这象征着孩子们正在成熟和正在发展宝贵的观察力、独立判断力，那么他们就不会那样伤心，也就不会由于怨恨和抵触这种反应，而把孩子推到自己的对立面去。

🎈为…准备 be prepared for sth.

为…做好充分准备 be fully / sufficiently prepared for …

为…做好心理准备 be mentally prepared for …

乐意/愿意做某事 be prepared to do= be ready / willing to do

🎈power(s) n. 人的能力ability

观察/专注/判断力powers of observation / concentration / judgment

失去语言能力lose the power of speech

🎈迫使某人做…drive sb. to do …

迫使某人（达到…的状态）drive sb. to / into sth.

The adolescent, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust.

青少年酷爱真诚，对于能够承认错误或无知的父母，他们总是尊敬的。即使他们做得不正当或不公正。

🎈 The adolescent（the+名词单数）表示类指，意义上相当于名词复数，但谓语动词要用单数形式。

🎈with表示“因为，由于”，引导原因状语从句。

例句

She was dying with hunger.

她快饿死了。

What the child cannot forgive is the parents’ refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true.

孩子们所不能原谅的是：父母错了，孩子们也看出来了，可是做父母的还不肯承认。

🎈知道…（怎么样）know sb. / sth. to do

例句

I know him to be very honest.

我知道他非常诚实。

Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too cowed to let them know how they really felt.

维多利亚时代的父母认为，他们可靠无理的权威气派来维护自己的尊严，实际上那是根本不行的，孩子们只不过被吓得不敢让父母知道自己的想法罢了。

🎈保持某人尊严keep / maintain / retain one’s dignity

丧失某人尊严lose one’s dignity

毁掉/摧毁某人尊严destroy one’s dignity

剥夺某人尊严rob / strip sb. of dignity

🎈patriarchy n. 男性家长制，父权制

🎈根本没做过这种事do nothing of the kind

根本没做过这种事say nothing of the kind（nothing可以换成anything，加强语气）

例句

I can assure you I did nothing of the kind.

我可以向你保证我根本没干过这种事。

Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is a healthier attitude both for the child and the parent.

虽然现在我们倾向于走向另一个极端，但总地来看，孩子和家长双方态度都比较端正。

🎈大体来说，总的来看on the whole

by the large

generally

It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.

遇事采取面对现实的态度总是比较明智和稳妥的，尽管会有暂时的痛苦。

🎈It是形式主语，不定式to face up to reality是真正主语。however painful it may be at the moment是让步状从。

🔥必背词汇

adolescence      n. 青春期

adolescent a.青春期的 n.青春期的孩子，青春期少年

teenager n.13-19岁的青年

juvenile a.少年的 n.少年

青少年犯罪juvenile delinquency

少年犯 juvenile delinquent

slur       n.& v. 诋毁，诽谤，中伤

【近义词】slander n.& v. 诋毁，诽谤，中伤

把…看作对…的诽谤regard sth. as a slur/ slander on …

诽谤…cast a slur on …

诽谤某人slur/ slander sb

defame sb.

traduce sb.

libel sb.（特指发表文章诽谤某人）

【补充】

slur v.含糊不清地讲话（声音不清楚，而非意思）→ slurred a.声音含糊不清的

blur v.使看不清 → blurred a.模糊不清的

disloyalty      n. 不忠实

loyalty n. 忠实

忠于朋友/国家be loyal / disloyal to one’s friends / country

发誓效忠swear / pledge loyalty

指责某人不忠accuse sb. of disloyalty

faithful a.忠实的

faithless a.不忠诚的

treacherous a.暗中背叛的，阴险的

adulterous a.通奸的

背叛祖国/违背原则betray one’s country / principles

royal a.王室的 →  royalty n.王室成员

spiteful       adj. 恶意的，怀恨的

【近义词】evil /wicked /malicious /vicious / malignant

恶意评论 a spiteful remark

恶性/良性循环a vicious/ virtuous circle

恶性/良性肿瘤a malignant tumor a benign tumor

disillusionment      n. 幻灭感

例句

There is increasing disillusionment with the government.

越来越多人对政府感到失望。

illusion/delusion n.错觉

有…错觉 be / live under the illusion/delusion that …

disillusion v.使不再抱有幻想，使大失所望

对… 大失所望be disillusioned with / by…

be (bitterly) disappointed with / by …

be disenchanted with …

感到失望feel let down

让某人失望let sb. down

infallibility     n. 一贯正确

infallible a.不会犯错的

fallible a.易犯错误的

All human beings are fallible.

即指中文古话中的“人非圣贤，孰能无过”

fallacy n.谬误，谬论

fallacious a. 谬误的

错误的推理fallacious reasoning

falsify v.篡改

fault/flaw n.错误，缺点→ faultless/flawless a.完美无瑕的

sincerity      n. [U]真诚，诚挚

【形近词】serenity n.静谧，宁静，安详

hypocrisy n.虚伪

【复习】in all+ n =very+（对应的）adv.

很可能in all probability = very probably

很可能in all likelihood = very likely

非常真诚地in all sincerity = very sincerely

十分迫切地in all eagerness = very eagerly

非常诚实地in all honesty = very honestly

非常坦诚地in all frankness = very frankly

非常严肃地in all seriousness = very seriously

造句: 刘备非常诚挚而且非常渴望地三顾茅庐请诸葛亮出山辅佐。

Liu Bei made three personal calls at the thatched cottage to solicit Zhuge Liang’s help in all sincerity and eagerness.

cow     v. 恐吓，威胁

coward n.胆小鬼，懦夫

cowardice n. 胆小;懦弱

cowardly / chicken ad.胆小地

恐吓某人做某事cow sb. into sth. / doing

intimidate sb. into sth. / doing.

bully sb. into sth. / doing

在学校里的持强凌弱者school bullies

校园霸凌school bullying

🔥重点表达

青少年犯罪juvenile delinquency

少年犯 juvenile delinquent

把…看作对…的诽谤regard sth. as a slur/ slander on …

诽谤…cast a slur on …

诽谤某人slur/ slander sb

忠于朋友/国家be loyal / disloyal to one’s friends / country

发誓效忠swear / pledge loyalty

背叛祖国/违背原则betray one’s country / principles

恶意评论 a spiteful remark

恶性/良性循环a vicious/ virtuous circle

恶性/良性肿瘤a malignant tumor a benign tumor

有…错觉 be / live under the illusion/delusion that …

对… 大失所望be disillusioned with / by…

感到失望feel let down

让某人失望let sb. down

恐吓某人做某事cow sb. into sth. / doing

不要自找麻烦。Don’t upset the apple cart.

对…发表评论 make a remark about / on …

因某事指责某人 accuse sb. of sth.

堕落到（做）…/（的状态）descend to + n. / doing

由某人作出的on the part of sb. / on sb.’s part

对某人而言for one’s part

部分地，某种程度上in part = partly= to some degree

解决问题/争端resolve a problem / dispute

决定… resolve to do … / that … = decide to do … / that …

从今往后in future

在未来in the future

不久之后，要不了多少before very long

对（过往/计划等）守口如瓶be secretive / close / reticent about one’s past / plan …

把…带给… bring sth. to …

给某人带来倒霉事/不愉快bring sth. on / upon sb.

咎由自取/自己作的/自找的 bring sth. on / upon oneself

某事无从避免sth. can’t be helped

对某人期望很高/有很高的期望值 have a high ideal of sb.

对某人寄予厚望/期望很低have high / low expectations of sb. / sth.

经得起…，经受住…stand up to sth. = withstand sth.

反抗某人stand up to sb.

符合…，达到…live / come up to sth.

尊敬某人look up to sb.

鄙视某人look down on/upon sb.

总计为…add up to sth.

面对（某种难题或困境）face up to sth. = face / confront sth.

开始意识到…wake up to sth. = start to realize sth.

为…准备 be prepared for sth.

为…做好心理准备 be mentally prepared for …

乐意/愿意做某事 be prepared to do= be ready / willing to do

观察/专注/判断力powers of observation / concentration / judgment

迫使某人做…drive sb. to do …

知道…（怎么样）know sb. / sth. to do

保持某人尊严keep / maintain / retain one’s dignity

根本没做过这种事do nothing of the kind

根本没做过这种事say nothing of the kind

大体来说，总的来看on the whole

🔥复盘测试

青少年犯罪

少年犯

把…看作对…的诽谤

诽谤…

诽谤某人

忠于朋友/国家

发誓效忠

背叛祖国/违背原则

恶意评论

恶性/良性循环

恶性/良性肿瘤

有…错觉

对… 大失所望

感到失望

让某人失望

恐吓某人做某事

不要自找麻烦。

对…发表评论因

某事指责某人

堕落到（做）…/（的状态）

由某人作出的

对某人而言

部分地，某种程度上

解决问题/争端

决定…

从今往后

在未来

不久之后，要不了多少

对（过往/计划等）守口如瓶

把…带给…

给某人带来倒霉事/不愉快

咎由自取/自己作的/自找的

某事无从避免

对某人期望很高/有很高的期望值

对某人寄予厚望/期望很低

经得起…，经受住…

反抗某人

符合…，达到…

尊敬某人

鄙视某人

总计为…

面对（某种难题或困境）

开始意识到…

为…准备

为…做好心理准备

乐意/愿意做某事

观察/专注/判断力

迫使某人做…

知道…（怎么样）

保持某人尊严

根本没做过这种事

根本没做过这种事

大体来说，总的来看

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