《威廉·S·哈特和早期 “西部”影片》 -新概念英语第四册 学习笔记

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William S. Hart and the early ‘Western’ film

威廉·S·哈特和早期 “西部”影片

 
William S. Hart was, perhaps, the greatest of all Western stars, for unlike Gary Cooper and John Wayne he appeared in nothing but Westerns.
威廉·S·哈特大概是美国西部电影明星中的佼佼者。他和加里·古柏、约翰·韦恩不同,他只在西部电影中扮演角色。
🎈for unlike Gary Cooper and John Wayne he appeared in nothing but Westerns是原因状从,其中unlike Gary Cooper and John Wayne又是原因状从中的状语成分。
🎈出演一部电影appear / act / perform in a film / movie
主演(…电影)play the lead in …
例句
John Wayne played the lead in Stagecoach.
star v.
1(sb作主语)人出演电影 
2(电影作主语)电影由sb主演
例句
John Wayne starred in Stagecoach.
Stagecoach starred John Wayne.
co-star v.联袂主演
例句
Gary Cooper co-starred with Grace Kelly in High Noon.
High Noon co-starred Gary Cooper and Grace Kelly.
feature v.(电影)由某人主演[只能电影作主语]
例句
The movie featured Bruce Willis.
🎈三个“不定代词+but”表达:
只不过是,只有nothing but = nothing more than = only 
可修饰n
例句
Nothing but a miracle can save her now.
现在只有奇迹能救她。
一点也不anything but = not … at all 
可修饰n/adj等
例句
He is anything but a hero / stupid.
几乎,差不多all but = almost / virtually
可修饰adj/adv
例句
It’s all but impossible to read his writing. 
他的书写太难辨认了。

 
From 1914 to 1924 he was supreme and unchallenged. 
在1914年至1924年期间,他首屈一指,独霸影坛。
🎈supreme and unchallenged:同义词连用,以加强效果。
近义词:incomparable/ unequalled/peerless /be second to none
例句
When it comes to singing, Mary is second to none.
玛丽唱歌排第一。

 
It was Hart who created the basic formula of the Western film, and devised the protagonist he played in every film he made, the good-bad man, the accidental, noble outlaw, or the honest, but framed cowboy, or the sheriff made suspect by vicious gossip; in short, the individual in conflict with himself and his frontier environment.
正是他创造了西部电影的基调,即在他自己的拍摄的影片中他所塑造的主人公形象:被认为是坏人的好人,出人意料的高尚的逃犯,诚实却遭陷害的牛仔或因流言蜚语蒙受嫌疑的司法官。总之,主人公是一个自相矛盾,又与他的拓荒环境相矛盾的人物。
🎈It was Hart who…是强调句。he played in every film he made修饰the protagonist。the good-bad man …the individual in conflict with himself and his frontier environment整个都是the protagonist的同位语。
🎈强调句型:it is / was … that / who …。一般而言,sb要用who,sth用that。但在特定文体中,sth有时也用which。
🎈formula n.配方,处方;[引申]基本模式
pl. formulas / formulae均可
新药/洗衣粉的配方the formula for a new drug / the washing powder
🎈devise v.设计出,构思出,想出
例句
The cartoon character Mickey Mouse(米老鼠) was devised by Walt Disney in 1928.
近义词conceive/ come up with
🎈fabricate / concoct v. 捏造,编造/调制
编一个借口fabricate / concoct an excuse
🎈好心肠的坏人the good-bad man:运用了矛盾修饰法 (Oxymoron)
同样的例子还有:
bad-good news 不好的好消息[以bad为主]
a cold warm embrace 冷冰冰的热烈拥抱 [以cold为主]
sick health 憔悴的健康
sweet sorrow甜蜜的悲伤
a damned saint该死的圣人
a beautiful tyrant美丽的暴君
an honorable murder正直的谋杀者
🎈accidental a.偶然的,不经意的
incidental a.附带的,附属的,次要的
杂费incidental expenses
电影配乐incidental music for the movie
顺便说一下incidentally=by the way
🎈suspect v.怀疑 a.可疑的
怀疑… suspect that …/ suspect sb. of doing
🎈vicious adj. 邪恶的=wicked; evil; malicious
恶性/良性循环a vicious/ virtuous circle
恶性/良性肿瘤a malignant/ benign tumor
🎈简言之in short
in sum
in summary
to sum up
to summarize
simply put
🎈与…有冲突in conflict (with …)
把(痛苦的)事情强加给某人inflict sth. on sb.
折磨某人afflict sb.
被…(痛苦地)折磨be afflicted with / by …

 
Unlike most of his contemporaries in Hollywood, Hart actually knew something of the old West.
哈特与大部分同时代在好莱坞的演员不同,他确实了解西部早期拓荒生活的一些情况。
🎈contemporary n.同时代的人;当代的人
counterpart n.与自己身份地位相当的人
例句
Chinese President Xi Jinping and his American counterpart Barack Obama agreed to establish a strategic partnership.中his American counterpart相当于American President。

 
He had lived in it as a child when it was already disappearing, and his hero was firmly rooted in his memories and experiences, and in both the history and the mythology of the vanished frontier.
作为一个孩子他曾在西部生活过,当时西部拓荒生活正在消失。他塑造的英雄人物深深地扎根于他本人的记忆和经历之中,也扎根于有关已经消失的拓荒生活的历史和神话之中。
🎈and (was firmly rooted)in both the history and the mythology是省略句,省略时一般要保留介词。
🎈根植于/扎根于be rooted in …
be embedded in …
be entrenched in …
be ingrained in …
a.根深蒂固的(可接好的事物或坏的事物) deep-seated / deep-rooted
例句
对上帝深信不疑a deep-seated faith in god
根深蒂固的坏习惯a deep-rooted bad habit
a.根深蒂固的(接坏的事物) inveterate
例句
一个老烟鬼/酒鬼/赌棍/撒谎大王an inveterate smoker / drinker / gambler / liar
🎈起源于have its roots in …
stem from …
originate in …
例句
Printing has its roots in / stems from / originates in China. 
印刷术起源于中国。

 
And although no period or place in American history has been more absurdly romanticized, myth and reality did join hands in at least one arena, the conflict between the individual and encroaching civilization. 
虽然在美国历史上没有任何时期或地区像西部拓荒时期那样被荒谬地浪漫主义化了,但神话和事实至少在某一个舞台上共存,也就是存在于个人与渐渐闯入的文明这两者的冲突之中。
🎈共存 join hands= co-exist
🎈conflict n. 冲突=clash; collision

 
Men accustomed to struggling for survival against the elements and Indians were bewildered by politicians, bankers and businessmen, and unhorsed by fences, laws and alien taboos.
习惯与大自然和印第安人作斗争以求生存的拓荒者被政客、银行家和商人搞得晕头转向,最后被圈地、法律和外来的清规戒律所击败。
🎈习惯于…be accustomed to sth. / doing = be used to sth. / doing
🎈基本元素basic element (earth, water, fire, air)
大自然the elements
战天斗地,和大自然作斗争fight / battle / struggle against the elements
和困难作斗争fight / battle / struggle against the odds
例句
They would have continued to struggle against economic odds and would have lived in obscurity.
🎈unhorse vt. 使下马

 
Harf’s good-bad man was always an outsider, always one of the disinherited, and if he found it necessary to shoot a sheriff or rob a bank along the way, his early audiences found it easy to understand and forgive, especially when it was Hart who, in the end, overcame the attacking Indians.
哈特扮演的被误为坏人的好人总是一个局外人,总是一个被剥夺继承权的人。如果他认为在进行过程中有必要枪击一个司法官或抢劫一个银行,他的早期观众很容易接受,觉得应该原谅他,特别是当哈特最后战胜了前来进攻的印第安人时。
🎈条件状从if he found it necessary to shoot a sheriff or rob a bank along the way中,it是形式宾语,不定式to shoot a sheriff or rob a bank along the way是真正宾语。his early audiences found it easy to understand and forgive同理。时间状从especially when it was Hart who…涉及强调句句型。

 
Audiences in the second decade of the twentieth century found it pleasant to escape to a time when life, though hard, was relatively simple.
生活在20世纪20年代的观众认为,逃到一个即使艰苦但比较简朴的时代中去是件愉快的事。
🎈介词短语in the second decade of the twentieth century作audiences的后置定语。found it pleasant to escape to a time when life, though hard, was relatively simple中it是形式宾语,不定式to escape to a time是真正宾语,定语从句when life, though hard, was relatively simple修饰a time。
🎈 decade 10年
century 100年
millennium 1000年
千禧年发展目标Millennium Development Goals

 
We still do; living in a world in which undeclared aggression, war, hypocrisy, chicanery, anarchy and impending immolation are part of our daily lives, we all want a code to live by.
我们今天仍有这种感觉。如今,不宣而战的侵略、战争、虚伪、诈骗、无政府状态以及即将临头的毁灭成了我们日常生活的一部分,我们都希望有一个赖以生存的行为准则。
🎈We still do中的do指代上文出现过的谓语部分,相当于We still find it pleasant to escape to a time when life, though hard, was relatively simple。living in a world in which … are part of our daily lives整个作原因状语,其中in which … are part of our daily lives是定从,修饰a world。
🎈按照…生活live by …
例句
I have always tried to live by my faith.
我总是按自己的信仰而活。
🔥必背词汇
supreme    adj. 至高无上的(权力,重要性或影响)最大的,至高无上的
最高指挥官the supreme commander
最高法院the Supreme Court
最高人民法院the Supreme People’s Court
中级人民法院the Intermediate People’s Court
耶稣,基督the Supreme Being
最为重要reign supreme
例句
As a wine producer, France still reigns supreme. 
作为葡萄酒制造商,法国地位非常重要。
supremacy n. 至高无上;最大权力;霸权
军事霸权 military supremacy
大男子主义male supremacy
大男子主义者male supremacist
 
protagonist    n. 主角
主角leading role / part
男主角leading man 
女主角leading lady
配角supporting role 
群众演员extra n.
特技男演员stunt man 
特技女演员stunt woman
喜剧演员,丑角comedian 
喜剧女演员comedienne
悲剧演员tragedian 
悲剧女演员tragedienne
 
framed      adj. 遭到陷害的
陷害某人set up sb./frame sb
例句
I’ve been framed!
我是被陷害的!
(把非法/走私的东西放在某人身上)诬赖某人plant sth. on sb.
例句
It was planted on me! I never touched those pants.
我是被栽赃陷害的!我根本没碰过那些裤子。
 
mythology    n. [U]神话(指体裁)
区分myth n.[C]神话
希腊神话Greek myths/ mythology
[C]→[U]
诗歌poem →poetry
小说novel →fiction
风景scene →scenery
珠宝jewel →jewellery (jewelry)
机器machine →machinery
table / chair …→家具furniture
pen / pencil …→文具stationery 
箱子/行李箱trunk /suitcase …→行李/包裹luggage / baggage
树叶leaf →foliage
 
vanished      adj. 消失了的
消失得无影无踪disappear / vanish without trace
逐渐/慢慢消失fade / fade away
例句
As the years passed, the memories faded away. 
 
arena      n. 竞技场
例句
Women are entering the political arena in large numbers.
女性正大批进入政坛。
例句
Successfully hosting the Olympic Games will significantly enhance China’s image in the international arena. 
成功的主办奥运会将极大地提高中国在国际舞台上的形象。
 
encroaching      adj. 渐渐渗入的
侵占/蚕食encroach on / upon …
例句
Housing developments continue to encroach on wildlife habitats.
房地产开发持续侵占着野生动物的栖息地。
例句
The Chinese government and people can never accept any act that encroaches upon China’s sovereignty.
中国政府和人民绝不会接受任何侵犯中国主权的行为。
侵占/侵犯infringe on …
非法入侵trespass on …
vt.侵略invade
例句
The infected cells can invade healthy tissue.
被感染的细胞会入侵健康的组织。
 
Indian     n. 印度人;印第安人
下列词语:(含贬义→礼貌称呼)
Negro →Black
African-American→Afro-American
Eskimo →Inuit
Oriental→ Asian或直接用国籍表示(Chinese / Korean / Japanese)
 
bewilder      v. 使不知所措,使迷惑
例句
Big city traffic bewildered the country girl.
大城市的车水马龙让这个乡村女孩不知所措。
近义
1 confuse [和bewilder一样,都是强调因选择过多过杂而使人困惑]
2 puzzle / perplex / baffle[强调因为事物本身复杂而使人困惑]
例句
The murder case still puzzled / perplexed / baffled the police.
bewildered a.(人)困惑不解的
bewildering a.(事物)令人困惑的
 
alien     adj. 陌生的;格格不入的;外国的;外星的
与…格格不入be alien to
例句
The idea is alien to our religion.
这个想法不符合我们的宗教信仰。
Luxury is alien to her nature.
奢侈不是她的本性。
外国文化alien cultures
外星人alien beings from another planet
近义
1 foreign
例句
Jealousy is foreign to his nature. 
嫉妒不是他的本性。
2 exotic a.异域风情的,异国的
3 extrinsic (to …)
寻求外援look for extrinsic aid
intrinsic 内在的
内部和外部因素的结合a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors
 
disinherit      v. 剥夺……的继承权
剥夺某人的继承权disinherit sb.
例句
He has disinherited his eldest son.
继承某人的财产inherit sth. from sb.
例句
He inherited a fortune from his grandfather.
剥夺某人的财产dispossess sb. of sth.
例句
The nobles were dispossessed of their estates.
剥夺某人的权力deprive sb. of sth.
例句
Some criminals are deprived of political rights.
剥夺某人的…strip sb. of sth./ divest sb. of sth.
 
hypocrisy     n. 虚伪,伪善
hypocritical a.虚伪的,伪善的
hypocrite n.伪君子,伪善的人
反义
sincere a.真诚的,诚挚的
sincerity n. 真诚,诚挚
 
impending      adj. 迫在眉睫的,即将发生的
即将发生
impending / imminent a. [后接坏事]
例句
an ~ danger / disaster / threat / famine
coming/ upcoming /forthcoming /approaching a. [后接好事或坏事]
例句
来年the coming year
即将到来的假期the upcoming holiday
即将到来的选举the approaching election
loom v.[坏事]逼近
我的生日快来了。
My birthday is fast approaching.
My birthday is coming soon.
My birthday is near at hand.
My birthday is coming up.
My birthday is just around the corner.
 
code    n. 密码;编码;法规,准则
密码信a letter in code
破译密码decipher / break / crack a code
邮编postcode (zip code)
条形码bar code
刑法典penal code
交规traffic code
行为准则code of conduct
道德准则code of ethics
 
🔥重点表达
最高指挥官the supreme commander
最高法院the Supreme Court
最高人民法院the Supreme People’s Court
中级人民法院the Intermediate People’s Court
耶稣,基督the Supreme Being
最为重要reign supreme
军事霸权 military supremacy
大男子主义male supremacy
大男子主义者male supremacist
主角leading role / part
男主角leading man 
女主角leading lady
配角supporting role 
群众演员extra n.
特技男演员stunt man 
特技女演员stunt woman
喜剧演员,丑角comedian 
喜剧女演员comedienne
悲剧演员tragedian 
悲剧女演员tragedienne
陷害某人set up sb./frame sb
(把非法/走私的东西放在某人身上)诬赖某人plant sth. on sb.
希腊神话Greek myths/ mythology
消失得无影无踪disappear / vanish without trace
逐渐/慢慢消失fade / fade away
侵占/蚕食encroach on / upon …
侵占/侵犯infringe on …
非法入侵trespass on …
侵略invade
与…格格不入be alien to
外国文化alien cultures
外星人alien beings from another planet
寻求外援look for extrinsic aid
内部和外部因素的结合a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors
剥夺某人的继承权disinherit sb.
继承某人的财产inherit sth. from sb.
剥夺某人的财产dispossess sb. of sth.
剥夺某人的权力deprive sb. of sth.
剥夺某人的…strip sb. of sth./ divest sb. of sth.
来年the coming year
即将到来的假期the upcoming holiday
即将到来的选举the approaching election
密码信a letter in code
破译密码decipher / break / crack a code
邮编postcode (zip code)
条形码bar code
刑法典penal code
交规traffic code
行为准则code of conduct
道德准则code of ethics
出演一部电影appear / act / perform in a film / movie
主演(…电影)play the lead in …
只不过是,只有nothing but = nothing more than = only
一点也不anything but = not … at all
几乎,差不多all but = almost / virtually
新药/洗衣粉的配方the formula for a new drug / the washing powder
好心肠的坏人the good-bad man
编一个借口fabricate / concoct an excuse
电影配乐incidental music for the movie
顺便说一下incidentally=by the way
恶性/良性循环a vicious/ virtuous circle
恶性/良性肿瘤a malignant/ benign tumor
简言之in short
与…有冲突in conflict (with …)
把(痛苦的)事情强加给某人inflict sth. on sb.
折磨某人afflict sb.
被…(痛苦地)折磨be afflicted with / by …
根植于/扎根于be rooted in …
根深蒂固的(可接好的事物或坏的事物) deep-seated / deep-rooted
一个老烟鬼/酒鬼/赌棍/撒谎大王an inveterate smoker / drinker / gambler / liar
起源于have its roots in …
共存 join hands= co-exist
习惯于…be accustomed to sth. / doing = be used to sth. / doing
大自然the elements
战天斗地,和大自然作斗争fight / battle / struggle against the elements
和困难作斗争fight / battle / struggle against the odds
千禧年发展目标Millennium Development Goals
按照…生活live by …
 
🔥复盘测试
最高指挥官
最高法院
最高人民法院
中级人民法院
耶稣,基督
最为重要
军事霸权
大男子主义
大男子主义者
主角
男主角
女主角
配角
群众演员
特技男演员
特技女演员
喜剧演员,丑角
喜剧女演员
悲剧演员
悲剧女演员
陷害某人
(把非法/走私的东西放在某人身上)诬赖某人
希腊神话
消失得无影无踪
逐渐/慢慢消失
侵占/蚕食
侵占/侵犯
非法入侵
侵略
与…格格不入
外国文化
外星人
寻求外援
内部和外部因素的结合
剥夺某人的继承权
继承某人的财产
剥夺某人的财产
剥夺某人的权力
剥夺某人的…
来年
即将到来的假期
即将到来的选举
密码信
破译密码
邮编
条形码
刑法典
交规
行为准则
道德准则
出演一部电影
主演(…电影)
只不过是,只有
一点也不
几乎,差不多
新药/洗衣粉的配方
好心肠的坏人
编一个借口
电影配乐
顺便说一下
恶性/良性循环
恶性/良性肿瘤
简言之
与…有冲突
把(痛苦的)事情强加给某人
折磨某人
被…(痛苦地)折磨
根植于/扎根于
根深蒂固的(可接好的事物或坏的事物)
一个老烟鬼/酒鬼/赌棍/撒谎大王
起源于
共存
习惯于…
大自然
战天斗地,和大自然作斗争
和困难作斗争
千禧年发展目标
按照…生活
 

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