🎈Matterhorn man押首韵。Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded.现代登山运动员总想找一条能够给他们带来运动乐趣的路线来攀登山峰。他们认为，道路愈艰险愈带劲儿。🎈结构：…by a route which will give them good sport中which引导定语从句。🎈当代的modern/modern-day/present-day/today’s … /… of today同时代的contemporary🎈sport n. [U] fun; amusement乐趣，快乐为了好玩，找乐子for sport给某人带来很多乐趣give sb good sport=give sb good / a lot of fun输得起的人a good sport输不起的人（输掉比赛就跳脚的人）a bad / poor sport或a sore loser🎈越…，越… the+比较级，the+比较级：前半句看作从句，表示条件，后半句看作主句。翻译时顺序要搞清楚，不能译错。这个结构遵循两条规律1、若句子中含be，可以省略 2、如果主句主语太长，可以选择倒装[省略和倒装都不是必需的] 3、主句也可以用陈述句例句1、The younger the child, the more the child’s need of sleep. 2、The younger the child is, the more is the child’s need of sleep. 3、I play (the) better, the more I practice.= The more I practice, the better I play.In the pioneering days however, this was not the case at all. 然而，在登山运动的初期，全然不是这种情况。🎈在…的初期in the pioneering days🎈完全不是实情。This is not the case at all.不总是实情。This is not always the case.不一定是实情。This is indeed the case.可能不是实情。This is not necessarily the case.可能不是实情。This might not be the case.The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it had never been attained before.早期登山者所寻找的是通往山顶的最方便的途径，这是他们寻求的目标，特别是前人未曾到过的顶峰。🎈结构：because引导原因状语从句，especially if it had never been attained before是潜在整个原因状从中的条件状从。🎈早期登山者the early climbers / the pioneers/the pioneer climbers/their predecessors🎈句中的the prize是比喻，实指一种自豪/荣誉/成就感sense of pride / honor / accomplishment🎈寻找，追求look for/seekIt is true that during their explorations, they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement.确实，在探险中他们经常遇到惊心动魄的困难和危险，而他们装备之简陋足以使现代登山者一想起来就胆战心惊。但是，他们并非故意寻求这种刺激。🎈结构：It is true that…中it是形式主语，that引导主语从句；equipped in a manner which would…at the thought整个是非谓语动词短语作方式状语，which引导定语从句，修饰manner，would表示推测，意为“可能”。🎈诚然…但是…It is / was true that …/Admittedly, … / Granted, … +but/yet …，后常跟that is not to say that …/it does not necessarily mean that …/we cannot ensure / guarantee that …/there is no guarantee that …🎈面临face/confront或be faced / confronted with …🎈 the most perilous nature中的nature表示“本质，属性”，常以“of a… nature”结构出现，作后置定语修饰名词。政治性条约treaties of a political nature色情书籍books of an erotic nature学术性问题questions of an academic nature技术性文章articles of a technical nature🎈配有…，被装配上be equipped with …🎈manner表示“方式”时是单数名词，表示“礼貌、礼节”时常用复数，如table manners餐桌礼仪。🎈一……就……at the … of … 一有……念头at the idea of一提到at the mere mention of一看到at the sight of一听到at the sound of 一了解到at the news of🎈不怕麻烦地刻意做某事go out of one’s way (to do …)例句It was very kind of you to go out of your way to meet us at the airport.您专程到机场跑一趟来接我真是太麻烦了。They had a single aim, a solitary goal-the top! 他们只有一个目标，唯一的目标——顶峰！🎈a single aim, a solitary goal这样约定俗成的叠用用法在中文和英文中很常见，比如：虚情假意（虚情=假意）山盟海誓（山盟=海誓）受够了be sick and tired of sth挑挑拣拣pick and choose这儿疼那儿疼aches and painsIt is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. 我们今天很难想像昔日的登山先驱们是多么艰苦。🎈结构：It is hard for us to…中it是形式主语，不定式是真正主语，for us引出不定式的逻辑主语。Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains.除了泽曼特和夏蒙尼等一两个很快出了名的地方外，阿尔卑斯山山区的小村几乎全是高山，与世隔绝的穷乡僻壤，高山环绕。🎈结构：such as Zermatt and Chamonix可以看作one or two places的同位语；which引导非限制性定从；cut off from civilization by the high mountains过去分词短语作原因状语用，相当于which were cut off from…。🎈除了……except (for) / but (for) … 句首通常不能省略for，其他情况下可以省略🎈若没有……的话except for / but for / if it were not for …🎈往往，常常tend to dogenerallyIn generalMostlyIn most casesOn the wholeBy and largeFor the most partMost of the time有……趋势/倾向have a tendency to do计划/打算做某事intend to do🎈与…相隔绝be cut/isolated/separated/out of touch from…Such inns as there were were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine.那里的小客栈一般都很肮脏，而且跳蚤猖撅。食物是当地的干酪和通常存放了一年之久的面包，人们就着劣酒吞下这种食物。🎈结构：Such…as there were were…中as there were是as引导的限制性定从，修饰先行词inns。such / the same / as / so … as …是固定结构，不用which或that，而用as。the food simply local cheese …实则是the food (was) simply local cheese ，省略了分号前句子中已经出现过的be动词，accompanied by bread often twelve months old可以理解为后置定语，也可以理解为伴随状语。all washed down with coarse wine是独立主格结构。🎈就着…吞下去…wash sth. down with sth.Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could—sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makers.山谷里经常没有小客栈，登山者只好随遇而安。有时同当地牧师(他通常和他的教民一样穷) 住在一起，有时同牧羊人或制乳酪的人住在一起。🎈破折号后的成分立即为shelter的同位语，括号内的成分作插入语起补充说明的作用。🎈shelter表示“住处”时是不可数名词。Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable.无论住在哪儿，情况都一样：肮脏、贫穷，极其不舒适。🎈结构：dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable是the same的同位语。形容词是可以作名词的同位语的。🎈Invariably意同Always，意为“总是”，放在句首，是为了强调和加强语气。For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed.对于过惯了一顿饭吃7道菜、睡亚麻细布床单的人来说，变换一下生活环境来到阿尔卑斯山山区，那一定是很艰难的。🎈结构：For men accustomed to…at home整个是介词短语作状语。accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home是形容词短语后置修饰men。to the Alps是the change的后置定语。🎈习惯于……be accustomed to sth. / doingbe used to sth. / doingbe in the habit of sth. / doing🎈seven-course dinners（7道菜）是法式菜的最高规格，包括1、appetizer开胃小菜 2、soup汤 3、fish鱼 4、main dish主菜 5、salad蔬菜沙拉 6、dessert饭后甜点 7、beverage饮料。🔥必背词汇alpinist n. （阿尔卑斯山的）登山者登山者alpinist / Alpinist / mountain climber / mountaineer登山运动mountain climbing/ mountaineering/alpinism / Alpinism阿尔卑斯山the Alps勃朗峰（阿尔卑斯山脉的最高峰）Mont BlancAlpine / alpine a.阿尔卑斯山的阿尔卑斯山的村庄alpine villages令人震撼的阿尔卑斯山风景breathtaking alpine scenerypioneer n. 先驱，探索者 v.开拓，探索少先队员Young Pioneerspioneering a.开拓性的，开创性的开拓性的工作pioneering work开创性的精神pioneering spirit在（工作）刚起步时in the pioneering days开天辟地，开辟新天地break new ground开拓性的教育改革ground-breaking educational reforms带头、开辟先河，做领头人lead the waysummit n. 山顶，顶点；峰会山峰；巅峰summit / peak山峰，浪峰；巅峰crest/pinnacle（任何事物的）顶点；巅峰apex三角形的顶点the apex of a triangle职业生涯巅峰the apex of one’s career天顶；巅峰zenithperilous adj. 非常危险的peril n.危险在极大的危险之中in grave perilhazardous a.有风险的风险投资a hazardous investmenthazard n.风险，隐患健康/安全/火灾/交通隐患a health / safety / fire / traffic hazard…对…构成危险 …be / present / pose / constitute a hazard to ……对…构成威胁 …be / present / pose / constitute a threat / menace to …shudder v. 颤抖，不寒而栗因…而颤抖tremble/shiver/quiver with （anger / fear / excitement）轻微震颤的声响a slight trembling soundcourt v. 追求，追逐；讨好 n.宫廷、朝廷；法庭；场地courtesy n.礼节、礼貌→ courteous a.有礼貌的，讲礼节的朝中有人胜于囊中有钱。A friend in court is better than a penny in purse.去打官司go to court私聊某事settle sth. out of court网球/棒球场a tennis / basketball court讨好某人；追求某人court sb追名逐利court fame and gain骄傲导致失败。Pride courts failure.solitary adj. 唯一的（比only正式）solitude n.单独，独自（有可能享受这一种状态）loneliness n.寂寞，孤单独处in solitudesole a.唯一的solo n.独奏soliloquy n.独白，自言自语impoverish v. 使贫困贫穷的 impoverished/destitute/poor/deprived/ disadvantaged/underprivileged贫民学院the institute for the destitute欠发达国家/地区underdeveloped countries / regionsflea-ridden adj. 布满跳蚤的flea指跳蚤，注意与动词“flee（fled，fled）逃跑”区分。“-ridden ”: full of sth. unpleasant（充满了令人讨厌的东西）负债累累的国家debt-ridden countries到处是蚊子的沼泽地mosquito-ridden swamps疾病肆虐的贫民窟disease-ridden slums“-infested ”（充满了动物）到处是鲨鱼的水域shark-infested waters老鼠成患的仓库rat-infested warehouses到处是昆虫的树木insect-infested treesboast v. 炫耀，自夸；拥有吹嘘，夸耀（sb作主语）boast of/about sth或boast that [注意：sth作主语时表示“有”]有enjoy有（好的事物）be blessed with …（天生就）具备be endowed with …例句She is endowed with both brains and beauty. 这个女孩天生就才貌双全。有（某种愉快的情感）cherish怀有希望cherish the hope怀念cherished the memory of没有（某种不好的事物）be free from …例句Organic produce is free from harmful chemicals.有机农作物不含有害化学物质。parishioner n. 教区居民parish n.教区 ；church n.（小）教堂diocese n.主教教区；cathedral n.（大）教堂🔥重点表达登山者alpinist / Alpinist / mountain climber / mountaineer登山运动mountain climbing/ mountaineering/alpinism / Alpinism阿尔卑斯山the Alps开创性的精神pioneering spirit在（工作）刚起步时in the pioneering days开天辟地，开辟新天地break new ground带头、开辟先河，做领头人lead the way职业生涯巅峰the apex of one’s career风险投资a hazardous investment健康/安全/火灾/交通隐患a health / safety / fire / traffic hazard…对…构成危险 …be / present / pose / constitute a hazard to ……对…构成威胁 …be / present / pose / constitute a threat / menace to …因…而颤抖tremble/shiver/quiver with （anger / fear / excitement）轻微震颤的声响a slight trembling sound朝中有人胜于囊中有钱。A friend in court is better than a penny in purse.去打官司go to court私聊某事settle sth. out of court网球/棒球场a tennis / basketball court讨好某人；追求某人court sb追名逐利court fame and gain骄傲导致失败。Pride courts failure.独处in solitude贫民学院the institute for the destitute欠发达国家/地区underdeveloped countries / regions当代的modern/modern-day/present-day/today’s … /… of today为了好玩，找乐子for sport给某人带来很多乐趣give sb good sport=give sb good / a lot of fun输得起的人a good sport输不起的人（输掉比赛就跳脚的人）a bad / poor sport或a sore loser完全不是实情。This is not the case at all.不总是实情。This is not always the case.不一定是实情。This is indeed the case.可能不是实情。This is not necessarily the case.可能不是实情。This might not be the case.寻找；追求look for/seek面临face/confront或be faced / confronted with …配有…，被装配上be equipped with …一……就……at the … of … 往往，常常tend to do有……趋势/倾向have a tendency to do与…相隔绝be cut/isolated/separated/out of touch from…就着…吞下去…wash sth. down with sth.习惯于……be accustomed to sth. / doing🔥复盘测试登山者登山运动阿尔卑斯山开创性的精神在（工作）刚起步时开天辟地，开辟新天地带头、开辟先河，做领头人职业生涯巅峰风险投资健康/安全/火灾/交通隐患…对…构成危险 ……对…构成威胁 …因…而颤抖轻微震颤的声响朝中有人胜于囊中有钱。去打官司私聊某事网球/棒球场讨好某人；追求某人追名逐利骄傲导致失败。独处贫民学院欠发达国家/地区当代的为了好玩，找乐子给某人带来很多乐趣输得起的人输不起的人（输掉比赛就跳脚的人）完全不是实情。不总是实情。不一定是实情。可能不是实情。可能不是实情。寻找；追求面临配有…，被装配上一……就…… 往往，常常有……趋势/倾向与…相隔绝就着…吞下去…习惯于……
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