亦云《运动员的情操》 -英语翻译教程-中英双语赏析

朗读这篇文章

运动员的情操

Sportsmen’s Values

亦云

Yi Yun

🔥提示：《汉英词典》“情操”条的对应词是sentiment（a feeling or an opinion, especially one based on emotions），但例语中用的却是values，从英语词典对values的解释（beliefs about what is right and wrong and what is important in life）来看，此处用它还是合适的。（说句题外话：values和value虽然仅差一个s，意思却大不相同，前者表示价值观，如核心价值观core values；后者表示重要性、价值等。）

在世界锦标赛决赛时，一位跳板跳水名将被他的同胞战友击败，却热烈拥抱胜利者，满含热泪向观众挥手告别。

A veteran springboard diver, defeated by his compatriot in the finals of a world championship, offering congratulations to the victor in a warm embrace and waving a tearful farewell to the audience.

🎈此句和下句的译文连一个谓语动词都没有，从严格的句法结构来讲不能算是句子，但从修辞角度看却可以成立。这样译的目的是要强调其静态景观的一面，两句仿佛是两幅拍下的照片。

🎈farewell 通常译作“再会”，其实往往有“永不再会”的意思，如 He bade farewell to his native town（他永别了他的故乡）。

补充：海明威的《永别了，武器》A Farewell To Arms

一位优秀的女击剑手在决胜的一局倒下了，不是倒在敌手的剑下，而是因为自己突然肌肉痉挛。

An outstanding female fencer falling in a decisive set not under the attack of her rival’s sword but as a result of a muscular spasm of her own.

🎈in a decisive set中的set表示比赛的“盘、轮、场”等

例如

Graf was leading 5-1 in the first set.

格拉芙第一盘以5比1领先。

🎈积累词汇decisive，常在政府工作报告中出现，如决战、决胜等。以及注意sword一词的发音，w不发音，读作/sɔrd/。“因为、是…的结果”有多种表达：because of、on account of、as a result of等等。此处考虑到not…but…后接的结构最好一致，所以选用as介词与前文的under对应。

这类事情在体坛司空见惯，但是这些英雄的悲剧场景不仅使失败的英雄热泪盈眶，而且使观众为之落泪。

Those are common occurrences in the athletic world but they are scenes of tragic heroism bringing tears to the eyes of the outgoing heroes as well as the audience.

🎈“这些英雄的悲剧场景”从原文看，似应译 tragic scenes of heroes,但从上下文看应把“英雄”和“悲剧”合成一个概念并强调其英雄气概的一面，故如此译。

🎈“失败的英雄”中的“失败”不译defeated或vanquished而译outgoing，是从冠军地位着眼，暗示其让位。

运动员把一生最美好的时光贡献出来，艰苦训练，激烈拼搏，希望成绩蒸蒸日上。

Sportsmen spend the best part of their lives in tough training and fierce competitions fighting for ever better records.

🎈“把一生最美好的时光贡献出来”除译spend the best part of their lives in…，还可选用之前讲过的表达：dedicate oneself/one’s life to sth。“激烈拼搏”即激烈的体育竞争，serious或fierce均可修饰competition。对于“希望…”、“以（获得/达到）”或“为了…”等含义，可以用小词for进行衔接，既简洁又达意。

如今他们过了巅峰走下坡路，仍然奋力发挥，力争为自己光辉的运动生涯划上一个完美的句号。

When it becomes evident they are on the decline they still make strenuous efforts to give their best so as to bring a satisfactory end to their brilliant career.

🎈“过了巅峰走下坡路”，后一概念涵盖前一概念，可将前一概念省去。加when it becomes evident是要强调一下这种情况不是感觉而是事实。

(When it becomes evident they are …: 语法规定that引导主语从句,在句首时不可省略that。当it 作形式主语,在口语和非正式文体中,that 偶尔可以省略,尤其多见于非常短的句子中。

🎈make efforts to也是政工中常见的表达，中文中修饰词较多，此时只需在efforts前添加适合的定语即可，如strenuous、huge、large、concerted、arduous等。

人生能有几回搏!

Chances to compete for championship are few and far between.

🎈原句重点在“几回”（强调其少）和“搏”（专指冠军的争夺而非一般拼搏），译文正是突出这两点。参照下文，“人生”这一概念此处可不译。又，few and far between是固定搭配，指“稀少；稀疏；不常发生”，例如But winter means good meals are few and far between.然而冬季里好吃的少之又少。

生命有限，竞技生命更是短暂的。

Life is short. Still shorter is the time for an athlete trying to win games.

🎈后半句采用了倒装结构，是为了强调置于句首的成分；still修饰比较级，表程度。

运动员比任何人更深刻地认识到时光易逝机会难得。

None other than an athletic contestant feels so keenly about the rarity of opportunity and the fleeting of time.

🎈此处“运动员”不是泛指而是特指竞技运动员，要突出“竞技”这一概念。

🎈（强调出人意料的人或事）竟然、恰恰是none other than

例句

Her first customer was none other than Mrs Obama.

她的第一位顾客竟然是奥巴马夫人。

他会珍惜并利用每一分钟，抓住任何一个机会。

He cherishes every minute, makes full use of it and tries to grasp any chance coming his way.

🎈tries to可以看作增译成分，修饰“抓住”，体现运动员的努力；come sb’s way 是习语，意思是to be experienced by someone；happen to sb，即“为某人所经历、降临到某人头上、出现在某人面前”，例如：They gladly accepted whatever money came their way. 不管是什么样的钱，他们都欣然接受（即来者不拒）。

他付出许多，也得到许多，不仅为自己也为祖国赢得荣誉。

He gets as much as he gives, winning honours not only for himself but also for his country.

🎈他付出许多，也得到许多→种瓜得瓜，as much as表示“和…一样多”。“祖国”常带感情色彩，可选用motherland替代country。

参与并取胜，这就是奥林匹克精神。

To participate and to win—that is the Olympic spirit.

🎈that指代破折号前的成分。

它表现于弱者敢于向强者挑战，也表现于强者力争取得更好的成绩。

It finds expression in the weak daring to defy the strong, and the strong striving for ever better performance.

🎈the weak/strong是the+adj结构，表示一类人，后接的daring to…/striving for…是后置定语，注意介词搭配。

胜而又胜，优而更优，这种理想一直鼓舞着运动员奋力前进。

Ever better—the ideal always luring a sportsman forward.

🎈“胜而又胜，优而更优”是概念重叠，只需译后者。此句译文又是一例无谓语动词句，具有突出重点的修辞作用。

他会尽其所能，永不松懈，永不罢休。

He will do everything he can for it, never relax, never give up.

🎈never relax, never give up显然是顺接在will后的结构。用逗号连接两个句子的时候，必须加连词，因为一个主句不能有两个谓语，除非加了连词把它变成并列句或者主从句。如果想把这个句子继续写下去但又不想加连词，还可以加分号，这两个半句之间没有连接关系但依然是一句话。因为加了分号之后这两句还是一句话，所以分号后面不用加主语。除此之外就得加句号。

有人说竞技者终究会是失败者，即使是最佳运动员也终将被更强者淘汰。

It is said that none of the competitors can avoid being defeated——even the best is bound to be surpassed by someone still stronger.

🎈“竞技者终究会是失败者”即“没有竞技者避免失败”，正话反说，现译作none of…can avoid…

🎈一定、势必be bound to

夏丏尊《中年人的寂寞》平日各人所走的方向不同。思想趣味境遇也都<不免>互异，

……Since we have each followed a different course in life, our ways of thinking, interests and circumstances are bound to differ…

成千上万个失败者才涌现一个胜利者，这个胜利者最终仍将被取代，挤出光荣榜——这就是竞技运动的规律。

This is the rule of sports——thousands of losers to set off one victor who in turn will eventually be replaced by someone on the honour list.

🎈“这就是竞技运动的规律”：中文往往将结论置于句尾，英语恰好相反，结论先说。

🎈衬托，使显得更漂亮set off

例句

Blue suits you, sets off the colour of your hair.

蓝色很适合你，能衬托出你的发色。

此处选用set off表达，体现出“有失败一词，才有相对应的成功的说法”的关系。

然而运动员却从不为这种不可避免的失败结局所沮丧，仍然力争最佳发挥。

However, undaunted by the inevitable failure, he is always striving to do the best he can.

🎈undaunt：前缀un-用于形容词之前，表示“不”。

实在到了自知技穷之时，他会愉快地退下来，让位给年轻的优胜者，并对自己在奥林匹克运动中争取更好成绩尽了一份力而心满意足。

When the time comes and he knows he can’t, he will step down happily to give place to the younger winner, aware contentedly of the fact that he has done his bit for the “ever better” records of the Olympic Games.

🎈尽自己的一份力量do one’s bit

郑振铎《离别》

如果它们那时还没有退去中国海，还没有为我们所消灭，那末，来，勇士们，我将加入你们的队中，以更勇猛的力量，去压迫它们，去毁灭它们！这是我的誓言！

Dear brave fighters, if the foreign warships by that time still hang on their presence in our territorial waters, I will join you to <do my bit> in getting rid of them. That is my pledge!

🎈“实在到了自知技穷之时”意译为When the time comes and he knows he can’t，其中the time comes理解为上句说的“不可避免的失败结局”，he knows he can’t对应“自知技穷”。and前后的成分使上下文衔接更加自然，不会很突兀地跳转到“技穷”。

他会自豪地说他的青春没有虚度。

He will say proudly that he has not lived his youth in vain.

🎈虚度年华：指白白地度过年岁、浪费光阴。我们之间有总结过相关的表达，此处进行复习：

1、我自己就是（浪费了很多时间的一个人）。

All that is foolproof, yet few people really strive to make the best use of their time. Personally, I am also a fritterer.

2、[谚] 拖延就是（浪费时间）。

Procrastination is the thief of time.

3、别（浪费时间）来争论这类不关紧要的细节了。

Don’t waste time arguing about such minor details.

4、我决不要（浪费光阴）徒延生命。

I shall not waste my days trying to prolong them.

5、“你们要相信我的话，不要(瞎忙)吧！”我再向他们解释。

“You should believe me and stop messing around!” I explained again.

🔥必背词汇

veteran         cn.有经验的人，老手

英义

You use veteran to refer to someone who has been involved in a particular activity for a long time.

例句

Tony Benn, the veteran Labour MP and former Cabinet minister.

托尼·本，一位经验丰富的工党下院议员和前内阁部长

compatriot         cn.同国人，同胞

英义

Your compatriots are people from your own country.

例句

Chris Robertson of Australia beat his compatriot Chris Dittmar in the final.

澳大利亚的克里斯·罗伯逊在决赛中击败了自己的同胞克里斯·迪特马。

outgoing        adj.离去的，往外去的

英义

Outgoing things such as planes, mail, and passengers are leaving or being sent somewhere.

例句

All outgoing flights were grounded.

所有离港航班皆已停飞。

🔥重点表达

同胞compatriot

世界锦标赛决赛in the finals of a world championship

热烈拥抱in a warm embrace

向观众挥手告别waving a tearful farewell to the audience

击剑手fencer

肌肉痉挛a muscular spasm

司空见惯（的事）common occurrences

体坛the athletic world

使…热泪盈眶bringing tears to the eyes of…

走下坡路on the decline

力争make strenuous efforts to

为…划上一个完美的句号bring a satisfactory end to sth

时光易逝he fleeting of time

机会难得the rarity of opportunity

为某人所经历、降临到某人头上、出现在某人面前come sb’s way

奥林匹克精神the Olympic spirit

胜而又胜，优而更优Ever better

一定、势必be bound to

衬托set off

尽自己的一份力量do one’s bit

虚度青春live one’s youth in vain

🔥复盘测试

同胞

世界锦标赛决赛

热烈拥抱

向观众挥手告别

击剑手

肌肉痉挛

司空见惯（的事）

体坛

使…热泪盈眶

走下坡路

力争

为…划上一个完美的句号

时光易逝

机会难得

为某人所经历、降临到某人头上、出现在某人面前

奥林匹克精神

胜而又胜，优而更优

一定、势必

衬托

尽自己的一份力量

虚度青春

🔥表达对比

「优秀的，杰出的」有几种表达？

An outstanding female fencer falling in a decisive set not under the attack of her rival’s sword but as a result of a muscular spasm of her own.

一位（优秀的）女击剑手在决胜的一局倒下了，不是倒在敌手的剑下，而是因为自己突然肌肉痉挛。

All excellent ” meownicers” for a Prime ” Meownister” .

所有（优秀的）喵星人都是优秀的喵首相。

For a decade ‘X’ was the preeminent punk band in Los Angeles.

10年来，“X”乐队一直都是洛杉矶最（杰出的）朋克乐队。

I found him to be splendid company during the hour of our acquaintance.

在我们相处的那段时间里我发现他是个（很好的）同伴。

The students are expecting the arrival of an eminent scientist.

同学们正期待一位（著名）科学家的来访。

未经允许不得转载：帕布莉卡 » 亦云《运动员的情操》 -英语翻译教程-中英双语赏析