《黄龙奇观》 -英语翻译教程-中英双语赏析

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黄龙奇观

A View of Huanglong

 

在四川西部,有一美妙的去处。它背倚岷山主峰雪宝顶,树木苍翠,花香袭人,鸟声婉转,流水潺潺。这就是松潘县的黄龙。

One of Sichuan’s finest scenic spots is Huanglong (Yellow Dragon), which lies in Songpan County just beneath Xuebao, the main peak of the Minshan Mountains. Its lush green forests, filled with fragrant flowers, bubbling streams, and songbirds, are rich in historical interest as well as natural beauty.

🎈这段文字翻译时重新组织为两句,各有一完整、明确的含义。

🎈翻译“黄龙”时,在译作Huanglong的基础上,选择加小括号对该词进行释义(“黄龙”的名称和这座山是有关联的),既能保留国内人对黄龙的叫法,也使国外人对“黄龙”有一定的了解。

🎈古迹、历史遗迹 historical interest

自然风光natural beauty

两个表达连载一起就是“风景名胜”,是译者添加的成分,旨在补充读者的背景知识,并对描述进行总结,这种增译成分无伤大雅。

 


相传在中国古代,洪水肆虐,人民苦不堪言。大禹决心治水,但船不能行,

Legend has it that some 4,000 years ago, when great floods threatened the people of central China, Yu the Great resolved to tame the mighty rivers. He journeyed inland in a boat, but was soon stopped by the torrential current.

🎈据说 Legend has it that…

1. 这类结构的主语一般省略冠词,旨在简练。

2. have是个多义词,其中有一个意思是:“说;宣称”。但是,这个词不像say那样可以跟that从句,它一般只接名词或代词作宾语。所以,不可直接说:…has that…,这时,需要加一个形式宾语it,然后再跟that 从句。例句:Rumour has it that something roars at the night in this house.据谣传这所房间每天夜里有什么东西吼叫。//Report has it that you are married.据说你已结婚了。

3. have的这种用法,句子的主语往往是:rumour, report, legend, tradition, gossip 等表示“传说”的词语。这样就赋予了have 表示“说”的语义。

🎈“中国古代”译成some 4,000 years ago是为了使读者有一个比较明确的概念,一般说来,译文能具体化的,尽量具体化。

🎈Yu the Great:the Great指领袖、大帝。

🎈“大禹决心治水,但船不能行”译文比原文有所增加,补充了船不能行的原因,意思比较完整。翻译时为使上下文连贯,合乎逻辑,往往不得不多费些笔墨,但必须有根有据,发挥适度,能说明问题便可。


 

有黄龙来为他负舟,禹导水成功。黄龙疲惫,未及回归大海,死于岷山之下,因而其地就称为黄龙。

Fortunately, a yellow dragon appeared and bore the boat upstream as far as it could go. Yu succeeded in controlling the flood and went on to found the 500-year Xia Dynasty, but the exhausted dragon could not return to the sea, and died at the foot of Xuebao Peak. Viewing Huanglong from a distance, one might imagine that the noble serpent for which the area was named is still lying on the hillside.

🎈这里“黄龙负舟”译文中加了 up stream一词说明船是逆水而行,以示其难。

🎈”禹导水成功”后面加上went on to found…对禹是何许人做了交代,这对于外国读者来说是必要的。

🎈viewing Huanglong from a distance不是增译成分,而是语序调整(具体看下句解析),名字源来放在此处较为合适。从科学角度来讲,黄龙只是虚构的,所以说山叫黄龙并不真的是因为黄龙长眠于此,而是山的外形像黄龙,才使得传说更加可信,从而口口相传。

 


黄龙风景,自海拔近3600米处,沿山谷而下,逶迤3. 5公里,地上覆盖着一层淡黄色碳酸钙沉积,形成大大小小的众多水池,状如梯田。池水澄清,呈淡蓝、淡绿各色。远看宛如黄龙俯卧,粼光闪闪。

Actually, this “yellow dragon” is a geological formation unique to this karst region; its yellow color is due to a layer of calcium carbonate, and the tiny, clear pools that line its back look like scales.

🎈这段译文也重新组织,把“远看宛如黄龙俯卧”放在前面,译文为:Viewing Huanglong from a distance, one might imagine that the noble serpent for which the…这里既用了 Huanglong这个拼音又用了noble serpent这个词,考虑到对外国读者来说它比Yellow Dragon更为形象,更便于想象。接着 译出关于这条“龙”形成的地质上的原因,这样处理较能引起读者的兴趣。

🎈 karst landform喀斯特地貌,是地下水与地表水对可溶性岩石溶蚀与沉淀,侵蚀与沉积,以及重力崩塌、坍塌、堆积等作用形成的地貌,以斯洛文尼亚的喀斯特高原命名,中国亦称之为岩溶地貌,为中国五大造型地貌之一。喀斯特地貌所在地区的岩石一般都是石灰岩,石灰岩的主要成分是碳酸钙。

🎈the tiny, clear pools that line its back look like scales中line是动词,意为“沿…排列”。


 

两旁森林,全是高大云杉。林间地上,多奇花异草,或蓝或白,或红或紫,灿烂如缤纷。

The dragon is surrounded by spruce trees and assorted rare flowering plants in blue, white, red, and purple.

🎈这句描写的是两旁的景象:是森林,也是林地,故以is surrounded by…and…结构合并译出,无需分成两句。又,“灿烂如缤纷”即指花草缤纷,用assorted(种类繁多)一词译出即可。


 

山谷顶端,残留着一座道教建筑,名“黄龙古寺”。据松潘县志记载,该寺建于明代(公元1368-164年)。

On the hilltop stands the Yellow Dragon Monastery, a Taoist retreat built in the Ming Dynasty (1368—1644).

🎈英语中,有些倒装是出于语法上的需要,非用倒装语序不可,具有强制性;有些则是为了达到某种修辞效果,如强调、平衡、衔接等。

🎈“据松潘县志记载”省译,对外国读者而言,这句并不能提供新信息,反而会加重理解负担,因为他们对“xx志”并没什么概念。

 


寺前有一溶洞,深邃莫测。寺后有一石碑,除碑檐外,几乎全被碳酸钙沉积淹没,碑文已不可辨认。看来,这400来年的沉积速度是相当可观的。

A karst cave lies before it, and a stone tablet was erected behind. All but the top of the tablet has been eroded by calcium carbonate, and the inscriptions have become unreadable.

🎈“看来,这400来年的沉积速度是相当可观的”这句话不译,因前面的译文All but the top of the tablet has been eroded by calcium carbonate, and the inscriptions have become unreadable.已足够说明这一点,无需再强调。


 

每年农历六月为黄龙寺庙会期,方圆几百里及至青海、甘肃的藏、羌、回、汉各族人民也前来赶会。届时,帐篷连营,人马喧腾,歌舞相杂,十分热闹。

Every year in the sixth lunar month, the local people, along with Tibetan, Qiang, Hui, and Han visitors from neighboring provinces of Qinghai and Gansu travel to the monastery on horseback for a temple fair. They set up tents and celebrate with songs and dances far into the night.

🎈农历the lunar month

阳历the solar/western calendar

🎈“方圆几百里及至青海…”中的“方圆几百里”译作了from neighboring provinces of Qinghai…,按“临近地区”之意巧妙地体现了“方圆几百里”之意。

🎈“人马喧腾”中的“马”提取出来,调整语序,提前翻译,交代了人们前来赶会所乘坐的交通工具。况且,除了特殊的活动,牲畜一般都被集中管理起来,安静吃粮。


 

据科学工作者考察,这里的山体系石灰岩地质,黄龙景观实为岩溶地貌。在中国,岩溶地貌形成的绮丽景色着实不少,有名的如桂林山水、云南石林,然而它们的风貌都与黄龙迥异。

Many of China’s famous landscapes, such as those of Guilin in Guangxi Province and the Stone Forest in Yunnan Province, are also built on karst formations. But each has its own character.

🎈此处译文删去了“据科学工作者考察,这里的山体系石灰岩地质”,因为“黄龙景观实为岩溶地貌”这句话已经十分清楚,译文次序也与原文不同,比较简洁明了。(本文省译和语序调整较为频繁,属于译者个人特点,仅供参考)

🎈“风格迥异”译作each has its own character;还记得上篇中学到的“别有风味”这么说吗?(has a savour of its own)


 

在黄龙附近的林区,还栖息着大熊猫、扭角羚、虹雉等珍贵动物。

Giant pandas, takins, and pheasants roam the forests of Huanglong, along with many other species of animals and birds.

🎈“在黄龙附近的林区,还栖息着大熊猫”译成Giant pandas… roam the forests of Huanglong, 这里“栖息”两字未照原意译出,用roam(游荡、漫步、转悠、四处跑)这个词更加自然。


 

如今,国家拟将黄龙划入它北面的九寨沟自然保护区,统一管理,以保护自然生态,开展科学研究和供人们游览。

Huanglong and nearby Jiuzhaigou will soon be made a nature preserve to protect the area’s ecology and to allow scientists to observe these rare animals in their own habitats.

🎈这一段和上段合并。上一段讲到珍贵动物,这一段讲设立保护区,共只两个句子,内容相互关联,不必分作两段。翻译时不能过分拘泥于原文。

🎈说明:因排版问题,公众号基本以句为单位将文章断开。此篇文章的原文 “在黄龙附近的林区……等珍贵动物。”和此小段是独立的两段,译文未遵循独立成段的格式,而是将二者合并成了一段。

 

🔥必背词汇

songbird        cn.鸣鸟,鸣禽

英义

A songbird is a bird that produces musical sounds which are like singing. There are many different kinds of songbird.

例句

Most were different kinds of songbirds.

大多数是不同种类的鸣禽。

 

torrential         adj. (大雨)倾盆的,如注的,湍急的

英义

Torrential rain pours down very rapidly and in great quantities.

例句

Rescuers battled against torrential rain and high winds.

救援人员奋力抵御疾风暴雨。

 

current          cn.(河、湖或海的)水流,潮流

英义

A current is a steady and continuous flowing movement of some of the water in a river, lake, or sea.

例句

The couple were swept away by the strong current.

这对夫妻被巨大的水流卷走了。

🔥重点表达

古迹、历史遗迹 historical interest

树木苍翠lush green forests

花香袭人,鸟声婉转,流水潺潺filled with fragrant flowers, bubbling streams, and songbirds

大禹决心治水Yu the Great resolved to tame the mighty rivers

喀斯特地貌karst landform

云杉spruce trees

石碑a stone tablet

碑文inscriptions

碳酸钙calcium carbonate

农历the lunar month

风格迥异each has its own character

大熊猫Giant pandas

扭角羚takins

虹雉pheasants

自然保护区a nature preserve

珍贵动物rare animals

栖息地habitats

 

🔥复盘测试

古迹、历史遗迹

树木苍翠

花香袭人,鸟声婉转,流水潺潺

大禹决心治水

喀斯特地貌

云杉

石碑

碑文

碳酸钙

农历

风格迥异

大熊猫

扭角羚

虹雉

自然保护区

珍贵动物

栖息地

 

🔥表达对比

「满是」有几种表达?

 

树木苍翠,花香袭人,鸟声婉转,流水潺潺。

…Its lush green forests, filled with fragrant flowers, bubbling streams, and songbirds, are rich in historical interest as well as natural beauty.

 

在我的小院中,到夏天,(满是)花草,小猫儿们只好上房去玩耍,地上没有它们的运动场。

In summer, flowers and plants growing in luxuriance in my small courtyard will leave little open space as a playground for the little cats, so they have to sport about in our rooms instead.

 

不久以前,他写了一首《野草颂》,(通篇都是)空话。

The other day, he wrote the following poem entitled Ode to Wild Grass, likewise packed with empty words.

 

…我且受用这(无边)的荷香月色好了。

…just let me indulge in this profusion of moonlight and lotus fragrance.

未经允许不得转载:帕布莉卡 » 《黄龙奇观》 -英语翻译教程-中英双语赏析

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