An Ugly Stone贾平凹Jia Pingwa我常常遗憾我家门前的那块丑石呢：它黑黝黝地卧在那里，牛似的模样；I used to feel sorry for that ugly black piece of stone lying like an ox in front of our door; 🎈过去常常…… used to do习惯于…… be used to doing被用来、将用于 be used to do🎈「遗憾」即「对/为…感到遗憾」，现译作feel sorry for。其中sorry在不同语境下有“遗憾”和“抱歉”两种含义。谁也不知道是什么时候留在这里的，谁也不去理会它。只是麦收时节，门前摊了麦子，奶奶总是要说：这块丑石，多碍地面哟，多时把它搬走吧。none knew when it was left there and none paid any attention to it, except at the time when wheat was harvested and my grandma, seeing the grains of wheat spread all over the ground in the front yard of the house, would grumble: “This ugly stone takes so much space. Move it away someday.”🎈谁也不……可选用none、nobody、no one等进行翻译。🎈留意、注意 pay attention to例句They’re barely paying attention to you.他们几乎没有将注意力放到你的身上。🎈「只是麦收时节……」是对例外情况的说明，处理为except…🎈 at the time when wheat was harvested…中when引导定语从句。🎈seeing the grains of wheat spread…作条件状语。🎈「多碍地面哟」即「（这块石头）可太占地方了」，现译为This ugly stone takes so much space.于是，伯父家盖房，想以它垒山墙，但苦于它极不规则，没棱角儿，也没平面儿；Thus my uncle had wanted to use it for the gable when he was building a house, but he was troubled to find it of very irregular shape, with no edges nor corners, nor a flat plane on it. 🎈use… as… 意为「把…用作…」；use…for…意为「为…而使用…」。二者有细微差别，但差别不大。🎈find it of very irregular shape：「of+抽象名词」可代替形容词的功能。【补充】“find+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构中，宾补可以是：①形容词I found the text difficult to understand.（课文很难理解）②名词或代词I find it a boring film.（是部无聊的片子）③副词Mary hurried there, only to find them/all out.（发现他们都出去了）④介词短语When he woke up, he found him in hospital.（在医院里）⑤不定式They find the Chinese people to be happy and cheerful.（发现中国人很幸福快乐）⑥现在分词We found him waiting to receive us.（发现他正等着迎接我们）⑦过去分词The old man found his hometown much changed.（发现故乡变化很大）(with no edges nor corners, nor a flat plane on it：连词nor只要跟否定词连用即可。no…nor…意同neither…nor…用錾破开吧，又懒得花那么大气力，因为河滩并不甚远，随便去掮一块来，哪一块也比它强。And he wouldn’t bother to break it in half with a chisel because the river bank was nearby, where he could have easily fetched a much better stone instead.🎈费心做某事bother to do sth例句We just don’t bother to learn another language.我们只是不想费心费力学另一门语言。🎈美与丑是相对而言的，在特定环境中，丑并非是缺点。作者赞扬“丑石”的伟大，表达了他对世俗偏见的厌恶和对能在逆境中顽强生存者的深切的敬佩。这句用a much better stone instead来表达河滩上的哪块石头都比这块丑石强，既简练又地道，比用much better更合适，意思更进一步。instead表示别的石头强在可以替代它。房盖起来，压铺台阶，伯父也没有看上它。Even when my uncle was busy with the flight of steps leading to the new house he didn’t take a fancy to the ugly stone.🎈忙于某事；忙着做…be busy with sth/doing sth🎈with the flight of steps leading to the new house：leading to the new house修饰steps。又，一段台阶 a flight of steps，the flight则是特定的一段。其中flight是可数名词，意为一段（台阶或楼梯）A flight of steps or stairs is a set of steps or stairs that lead from one level to another without changing direction.🎈萧乾《枣核》经他指点，我留意到台阶两旁是他手栽的两株垂杨柳，草坪中央有个睡莲池。At this, I noticed a weeping willow, planted by himself, on either side of a flight of steps as well as a water-lily pond in the middle of the garden.🎈take a fancy to喜欢上，爱上，对了眼缘（常指没有明显原因）有一年，来了一个石匠，为我家洗一台石磨，奶奶又说：用这块丑石吧，省得从远处搬动。One year when a mason came by, we asked him to make us a stone mill with it. As my grandma put it: “Why not take this one, so you won’t have to fetch one from afar.”🎈短暂到访/拜访come by🎈「为我家洗一台石磨」译作we asked him to make us a stone mill with it，其中we asked him to是增译成分，指明“我们请石匠来家里做工”，原文虽无其词而有其意。🎈正如…所说as sb put it例句And as he put it on Twitter, he is, quote, all alone.就如他在推特上写的那样——“孤单一人”。🎈遥祝I wish you from afar从远处看 view from afar有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？It is such a delight to have friends coming from afar.石匠看了看，摇着头，嫌它石质太细，也不釆用。But the mason took a look and shook his head: he wouldn’t take it for it was of too fine a quality.🎈根据语言环境：take a look一般有个距离问题,可以说拿过来看have a look一般是说主语自己有意去看🎈for it was of too fine a quality相当于倒装the quality is too fine。too 表示“太…了、…过头了”，略带贬义。of表示物体的属性，指“有着…”同理还有句子：She is of too fine a girl=The girl is too fine.这女孩太好了（too表示好得有点过头了，后面接不好的事情…如：容易被人利用等等）它不像汉白玉那样的细腻，可以凿下刻字雕花，也不像大青石那样的光滑，可以供来浣纱捶布；It was not like a fine piece of white marble on which words or flowers could be carved, nor like a smooth big bluish stone people used to wash their clothes on.🎈carve一词常用于表示“在（石头）…上雕刻/刻字”。🎈「大青石」译作big bluish stone。后缀-ish (加在形容词之后构成形容词)表示“稍带…的”，“有点儿…的”，bluish就表示“带点蓝色的”。它静静地卧在那里，院边的槐荫没有庇覆它，花儿也不再在它身边生长。The stone just lay there in silence, enjoying no shading from the pagoda trees by the yard, nor flowers growing around it.🎈in silence意同silently。🎈enjoying no…nor…作伴随状语。荒草便繁衍出来，枝蔓上下，慢慢地，竟锈上了绿苔、黑斑。As a result weeds multiplied and stretched all over it, their stems and tendrils gradually covered with dark green spots of moss.🎈繁衍出来译作multiplied，是肉眼可见的数量增长。🎈their stems and tendrils gradually (being) covered with dark green spots of moss是独立主格结构。我们这些做孩子的，也讨厌起它来，曾合伙要搬走它，但力气又不足；虽时时咒骂它，嫌弃它，也无可奈何，只好任它留在那里去了。We children began to dislike the stone too, and would have taken it away if we had been strong enough; all we could do for the present was to leave it alone, despite our disgust or even curses.🎈目前、暂时for the present例句This house is big enough for the moment, but we’ll have to move if we have children.这房子现在还够大。要是有了孩子，我们还得搬。稍稍能安慰我们的，是在那石上有一个不大不小的坑凹儿，雨天就盛满了水。The only thing that had interested us in the ugly stone was a little pit on top of it, which was filled with water on rainy days.🎈「安慰」在这里指使我们孩子感兴趣和还值得一提的事。常常雨过三天了，地上已经干燥，那石凹里水儿还有，鸡儿便去那里渴饮。Three days after a rainfall, usually, when the ground had become dry, there was still water in the pit, where chickens went to drink.🎈「那石凹里水儿还有，鸡儿便去那里渴饮」译作there was still water in the pit, where chickens went to drink。原文表面上看来是两个有着各自主语的分句，但细分析，二者前后是相关联的，即“鸡儿去小石坑（前一个分句的主语）喝水”，译文处理为where引导的定语从句，使句式衔接更紧密，也更符合英文语言习惯。每每到了十五的夜晚，我们盼着满月出来，就爬到其上，翘望天边；And every month when it came to the evening of the 15th of lunar calendar, we would climb onto the stone, looking up at the sky, hoping to see the full moon come out from far away.🎈when it came to the evening of the 15th of lunar calendar中it泛指时间，注意与when it comes to sth（当谈及某事时）区分。🎈满月the full moon弓儿似的新月the crescent new moon奶奶总是要骂的，害怕我们摔下来。果然那一次就摔了下来，磕破了我的膝盖呢。And Granny would give us a scolding, afraid lest we should fall down—and sure enough, I fell down once to have my knee broken.🎈would + 动词原形可以表过去经常做的事情。王世菁《幼年鲁迅》夏夜…祖母摇着芭蕉扇坐在桌旁… On summer evenings… she would sit by the table with a palm-leaf fan in her hand… 🎈「要骂的」可译作give us a scolding，也可直接以scold的动词形式译出。🎈(being) afraid lest we should fall down作原因状语。🎈lest 一字在连接fear、worry等一些词的后面并无实际意义，但从句中要用should或省略不用。🎈表示不出所料果真，果然；势必 sure enough黄培安《欣赏自己》他<保证>饿死大吉。He would sure enough die of starvation.人都骂它是丑石，它真是丑得不能再丑的丑石了。So everybody condemned the stone: an ugly stone, as ugly as it could be.🎈as ugly as it could be指能有多丑就有多丑，对应原文的「丑得不能再丑」，注意积累模仿。终有一日，村子里来了一个天文学家。Then one day an astronomer came to the village.🎈「终有一日」按「之后某天」之意理解，译作Then one day。他在我家门前路过，突然发现了这块石头，眼光立即就拉直了。He looked the stone square in the eye the moment he came across it. 🎈looked the stone square in the eye中，the stone square指“石头块”，square是对形状的说明（整体看起来是四边形）；look sth in the eye(s)/ face指「正视、直视某物」🎈the moment/instant/minute/second…(that) 表示“一……就……”，that经常可以省略。moment等词前可以用very修饰。🎈此句意思转化为“他刚看到这块石头就看直了眼”，其中“在我家门前路过”省译，原因是这块石头就在“我”家门前，故不赘述，如译出也是完全可以的。他再没有走去，就住了下来；He didn’t take his leave but decided to stay in our village. 🎈take one’s leave意同say goodbye，指“告辞、离开、告别”。take leave of sb指向某人告别例句Elizabeth took leave of the whole party in the liveliest spirits .伊丽莎白高高兴兴地告别了大家。以后又来了好些人，说这是一块陨石，从天上落下来已经有二三百年了，是一件了不起的东西。Quite a number of people came afterwards, saying the stone was a piece of aerolite which had fallen down from the sky two or three hundred years ago—what a wonder indeed!🎈不久之后；一息Soon afterwards🎈saying the stone was a piece of aerolite…是伴随状语。🎈前缀aero-可以构成名词、形容词和副词，意思与“空气、航空、飞行等”相关。词根词缀是扩展词汇量的好方式。如aseptic指“无菌的”、septic指“感染病菌的”，它们并不算常用高频词，但通过词根词缀的方法，我们就可以一次性记住两个单词。不久便来了车，小心翼翼地将它运走了。Pretty soon a truck came, and carried it away carefully.🎈carry away运走例句The rubbish must be carried away.垃圾必须运走。这使我们都很惊奇！这又怪又丑的石头，原来是天上的呢！It gave us a great surprise! We had never expected that such a strange and ugly stone should have come from the sky!🎈“这使我们都很惊奇！”也可译作It made us surprised!或This/It surprised us all!🎈We had never expected that（我们从未想到）是增译成分，更凸显原文“惊奇”的色彩。🎈should have come from：此处should have done结构表示“说话人的情感”，如惊奇、愤怒、失望等。它补过天，在天上发过热，闪过光，我们的先祖或许仰望过它，So it had once mended the sky, given out its heat and light there, and our ancestors should have looked up at it.🎈「发过热」和「闪过光」均是「发出的动作+宾语」，故合并译为given out its heat and light。🎈should have looked up at it：should have done用于谈论过去的情况时，主要有两个用法，一是用于推测过去已经发生的情况（也就是此处的用法）；二是用于指本该发生而实际上未发生的情况。它给了他们光明、向往、憧憬；而它落下来了，在污土里，荒草里，一躺就是几百年了？！It had given them light, brought them hopes and expectations, and then it had fallen down to the earth, in the mud and among the weeds, lying there for hundreds of years!🎈「给了他们光明、向往、憧憬」译作given/brought them light, hopes and expectations也是可以的。参考译文的处理出于逻辑关系“光（明）使人有了向往和憧憬”，故译作given them light, brought them hopes and expectations。🎈to the earth, in the mud and among the weeds：注意介词to、in、among的选用。🎈lying there for hundreds of years是伴随状语。奶奶说：“真看不出！它那么不一般，却怎么连墙也垒不成，台阶也垒不成呢？”My grandma said: “I never expected it should be so great! But why can’t people build a wall or pave steps with it?”🎈“真看不出！”按“真没想到/真想不到”之意理解。“它是太丑了。”天文学家说。“真的，是太丑了。”“可这正是它的美!”天文学家说，“它是以丑为美的。”“以丑为美？”“It’s too ugly,” the astronomer said.“Sure, it’s really so ugly.”“But that’s just where its beauty lies!” the astronomer said, “its beauty comes from its ugliness.”“Beauty from ugliness?”🎈“真的，是太丑了。”是对对话内容的强调，可考虑用sure/indeed/yes, it is等表达。“是的，丑到极处，便是美到极处。正因为它不是一般的顽石，当然不能去做墙，做台阶，不能去雕刻，捶布。它不是做这些小玩意儿的，所以常常就遭到一般世俗的讥讽。” “Yes. When something becomes the ugliest, it turns out the most beautiful indeed. The stone is not an ordinary piece of insensate stone, it shouldn’t be used to build a wall or pave the steps, to carve words or flowers or to wash clothes on. It’s not the material for those petty common things, and no wonder it’s ridiculed often by people with petty common views.”🎈it turns out the most beautiful：turn out是系动词，the most beautiful是表语。🎈“捶布”译作wash clothes on (the stone)，指的是“洗衣服等”。古人没有洗衣机,自来水,在河边把衣物放在石头上用木棒捶,容易洗干净且省力。电视剧里经常演这样的情景；如今有些村子仍保留这样的洗衣方式。🎈无怪乎、也难怪…… it’s no wonder that……或no wonder例<无怪乎>我特别喜欢老陈了。Because of this monotonous life, it was no wonder that I developed a particular liking for Carpenter Lao Chen.奶奶脸红了，我也脸红了。My grandma became blushed, and so did I.🎈“我也脸红了”未用too、also等词，而是用so did sb结构译出，更为简洁。我感到自己的可耻，也感到了丑石的伟大；我甚至怨恨它这么多年竟会默默地忍受着这一切，而我又立即深深地感到它那种不屈于误解、寂寞的生存的伟大。I feel shame while I feel the greatness of the ugly stone; I have even complained about it having pocketed silently all it had experienced for so many years, but again I am struck by the greatness that lies in its lonely unyielding existence of being misunderstood by people.🎈feel shame感到可耻/惭愧🎈“也感到了丑石的伟大”的“也”之意用while一词译出，也可选用and、not only…but also…等表并列的结构。🎈抱怨complain about sb/sth/sb or sth doing sth例句He complains about Syrians driving wages down.他抱怨是叙利亚人压低工资。🎈此处pocket熟词僻义，指“忍受”，也可替换为其他含义类似的词。🎈lie in在于,处于；是例句The course of history lies in the balance.历史的发展来到紧急关头。🔥必背词汇unyielding adj.百折不回的，不屈不挠的，坚定不移的英义You describe someone as unyielding when they have very strong, fixed ideas about something and are unlikely to change their mind.例句The authorities proved unyielding on one crucial opposition demand.面对反对党这一重大诉求，当局立场坚定。pit cn.地面的坑，洼；地下的穴，洞英义A pit is a large hole that is dug in the ground.例句Eric lost his footing and began to slide into the pit.埃里克一脚踩空，开始往坑里滑。mend v.修理;修补英义If you mend something that is broken or not working, you repair it, so that it works properly or can be used.例句They took a long time to mend the roof.他们花了很长时间修缮屋顶。astronomer cn.天文学家英义An astronomer is a scientist who studies the stars, planets, and other natural objects in space.例句The astronomers were taking an observation of Jupiter.天文学家们正在观测木星。scold v.训斥，责骂英义If you scold someone, you speak angrily to them because they have done something wrong.例句If he finds out, he’ll scold me.如果他知道了，肯定会责骂我的。🔥重点表达丑石An Ugly Stone对/为…感到遗憾feel sorry for 谁也不去理会它none paid any attention to it麦收时节at the time when wheat was harvested没棱角儿，也没平面儿with no edges nor corners, nor a flat plane on it河滩the river bank费心做某事bother to do sth喜欢上，爱上，对了眼缘take a fancy to正如…所说as sb put it汉白玉a piece of white marble大青石a big bluish stone静静地卧在那里lay there in silence目前、暂时for the present每每到了十五的夜晚every month when it came to the evening of the 15th of lunar calendar满月the full moon（表示不出所料）果真，果然；势必sure enough告辞、离开、告别take one’s leave一块陨石a piece of aerolite运走carry away 无怪乎、也难怪…… it’s no wonder that……或no wonder脸红了became blushed感到可耻/惭愧feel shame🔥复盘测试丑石对/为…感到遗憾 谁也不去理会它麦收时节没棱角儿，也没平面儿河滩费心做某事喜欢上，爱上，对了眼缘正如…所说汉白玉大青石静静地卧在那里目前、暂时每每到了十五的夜晚满月（表示不出所料）果真，果然；势必告辞、离开、告别一块陨石运走无怪乎、也难怪……脸红了感到可耻/惭愧 🔥表达对比「许多」有几种表达？Quite a number of people came afterwards, saying the stone was a piece of aerolite which had fallen down from the sky two or three hundred years ago—what a wonder indeed!以后又来了（好些）人，说这是一块陨石，从天上落下来已经有二三百年了，是一件了不起的东西。Then there were many accidents in the Opera House, many strange accidents.接着在歌剧院里就发生了（许多）事故，许多意想不到的事故。There’s plenty of upside to being the spawn of the fabulously wealthy.有（许多）显赫富裕的家境有许多正面影响也有许多负面影响。It impacts us in a multitude of ways.它以（许多）方式影响着我们。I saw lots of grapes and ate lots of mutton kebabs.我看到（许多）葡萄，吃了许多烤羊肉串。
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爱是一颗心遇到另一颗心（出处+配图） 
