Dusk茅盾Mao Dun🔥提示：这是茅盾写景散文中的佳作之一。从某种意义上讲，散文近似诗歌，往往是景情并茂，写景中蕴含着深厚而复杂的情感。茅盾对大海的观察极其精细，描绘十分传神，并使用了许多拟人手法和形声。所以，在翻译中，一要充分注意这些手法的表达，以保持原风格；二要注意时态，本译文使用了现在时，以使读者有一种身临其境的感觉。海是深蓝色的，说不上光滑；排了队的小浪开正步走，数不清有多少，喊着口令“一，二——一”似的，朝喇叭口的海塘来了。The sea is deep blue, and cannot be called smooth, for countless rows of small breakers are marching in parade-step as if following the shouted command, “One, two! One! ”一towards the trumpet-shaped jetty.🎈深蓝色deep blue：还记得之前见过的“暗蓝dark blue”吗？🎈“说不上光滑”中的“说不上”，不要泽成cannot be said，这里的be said只表示一种说话行为；而应译成cannot be called，called表示人的主观意向和认识。🎈在这一大句中，中间用分号断开，实际上，后半句是说明前半句的原因，即为什么“说不上光 滑”，所以，译文中加了一个for，既起连接作用，又表达了因果关系。🎈“小浪”在这里是指碎浪，用breakers要比waves或ripples更贴切。🎈正步 goose/parade-step🎈“喊着口令‘一，二——一’似的”这句话中省略了主语，意思是好像有人喊着口令似的，同时，句子本身还是一个明喻，在翻译中，要表现出原作的风格，所以译成as if following the shouted command…。又，“as if doing”是 “as if + 与主句一致的主语 + 一般时（现在或过去）或进行时”的省略。🎈几个军事操练口令(Drill commands)：1、Attention!(喊成a-ttennnn-tion!)立正！2、(Stand) at ease!（左脚前出）稍息！3、Dress right/left, Dress!向右/左看齐！4、Ready, Front！向前看!5、About, Face!向后-转！6、Forward, March!起步走！7、Squad, Halt!立定！8、Left, left, left right left.左，左，左右左（一，一，一二一）！( trumpet-shaped是合成形容词，构词法为：“名词+名词+ed”，如honey-mouthed嘴甜的、甜言蜜语的。挤到沙滩边，噗澌！——队伍解散，喷着愤怒的白沬。Crowded close together, they rush to the sandy beach一splash! The marching ranks scatter and burst into angry spray.🎈注意scatter、burst into等词的准确选取。然而后一排又赶着扑上来了。The rows immediately behind follow suit.🎈(being) immediately behind（紧跟的后浪）修饰rows。🎈follow suit是惯用搭配，意为“跟着某人做；仿效某人；照着做”。例句In China, it is regarded as following suit.在中国，这就叫做紧追趋势。三只五只的白鸥轻轻地掠过，翅膀扑着波浪——一点一点躁怒起来的波浪。A few white seagulls flicker across the surface of the sea, quickly and lightly, wings skimming the waves which become, little by little, increasingly restive.🎈“轻轻地掠过”译作flicker across the surface of the sea, quickly and lightly。the surface of the sea是增译成分，原文虽无其词而有其意。又，quickly and lightly也是增添的成分，强调“轻”和“掠（非常迅速）”。🎈wings skimming the waves是独立主格结构。风在掌号。冲锋号！The wind is trumpeting, a bugle calling to charge!🎈上文的trumpet-shaped中trumpet是名词，此处的trumpet则是动词。🎈a bugle calling to charge指“冲锋号”。calling to charge是bugle的后置定语，整体作掌号的wind的同位语。小波浪跳跃着，每一个像个大眼睛，闪射着金光。满海全是金眼睛，全在跳跃。Small breakers spring up, each breaker like a large eye casting out golden sparks. The whole sea is full of golden eyes, all leaping. 🎈each breaker like a large eye casting out golden sparks：独立主格结构。casting out golden sparks是eye的后置定语。海塘下空隆空隆地腾起了喊杀。Rumble—rumble… beneath the jetty a battle cry bursts forth.🎈战斗时的呐喊，喊杀声[C] battle cry🎈bursts forth: forth可以与一系列动词搭配，表示“出”的含义。郭沫若《水墨画》吐出 give forth季羡林《文学批评无用论》(清晰而有条理地)阐述，陈述，说明set forth巴金《朋友》我的生命要到什么时候才会开<生出>花？ When can my life put forth flowers?而这些海的跳跃着的金眼睛重重叠叠一排接一排，一排怒似一排，一排比一排浓溢着血色的赤，连到天边，成为绀金色的一抹。The sea’s golden eyes fall into ranks, each rank pursued by the next, each angrier than the last and deepening to blood-red as they stretch to the golden line of the horizon.🎈这几句的译文结构稍稍灵活了一点，但在意思上是忠于原文的，而且译文的表达既确切又流畅。🎈依旧是独立主格结构：each rank (being) pursued by the next, each (being) angrier than the last and deepening to…🎈连到天边，成为绀金色的一抹:简化意思——延展到绀金色的天际线处，现译作as they stretch to the golden line of the horizon。这上头，半轮火红的夕阳！There, above, lies the fiery half circle of the setting sun! 🎈夕阳setting sun夕阳无限好The setting sun shines with unrivalled splendor.半边天烧红了，重甸甸地压在夕阳的光头上。Half the sky burns red, pressing heavily down upon the bald head of the sun.🎈pressing heavily down upon the bald head of the sun：现在分词短语作伴随状语。愤怒地挣扎的夕阳似乎在说：哦，哦！我已经尽了今天的历史的使命，我已经走完了今天的路程了！现在，现在，是我的休息时间到了，是我的死期到了！哦，哦！却也是我的新生期快开始了！The indignantly struggling sun seems to be saying: “Oh! Oh! I have completed today’s historic duty; I have finished today’s journey! Now, now, my time to rest has come; my time to die is here. Oh! Oh! And yet, it is also my rebirth that will soon begin!🎈尽了今天的历史的使命complete today’s historic dutyduty相关表达：①应尽的义务bounden duty 萧红《当铺》本来手就应该给我服务。It was their bounden duty to wait on me.②当作…用、用作…的代用品、充当…do duty for顾均正《耳闻不如一见》以耳代目。“Let the ear do duty for the eye”.③尽职、尽本分do one’s duty④值班，当班on duty明天，从海的那一头，我将威武地升起来，给你们光明，给你们温暖，给你们快乐！Tomorrow, from the other end of the sea, I shall bravely hoist myself up, give you light, give you warmth, give you joy!”🎈升起hoist up🎈“给你们光明，给你们温暖，给你们快乐”译作give you light, give you warmth, give you joy!，保留了形式对等。又，不用 and 的并列（包括非谓语动词的并列），属于不完整列举，还有想表达的内容被略去，意犹未尽，是典型的文学语言。此处译作I shall bravely hoist myself up to give you light, give you warmth, and give you joy!或I shall bravely hoist myself up to give you light, warmth and joy!都是可以的。呼——呼一—风带着永远不会死的太阳的宣言到全世界。Whooo-huuu…The wind carries the declaration of the never-dying sun to all the world.🎈“呼——呼一—”译作Whooo-huuu…。ooo和uuu就很活。假如要表达“（等你了）好久”可以说soooo long。注意文本的正式程度哈。高的喜马拉雅山的最高峰，汪洋的太平洋，阴郁的古老的小村落，银的白光冰凝了的都市——一切，一切，夕阳都喷上了一口血焰！The highest peaks of the Himalayas; the endless waters of the Pacific; small, old, gloomy villages; cities frozen by silver lights upon each and every one, the setting sun scatters its blood-red flames!🎈“银的白光冰凝了的都市”这句话有点难译。“冰凝”一词，可能是指气温寒冷，也可能是暗喻。译文中使用了直译法，在理解上可以起到仁者见仁、智者见智的效果。🎈此句也可译作……——all (are/get) tinted the blood-red flames of the setting sun.两点三点白鸥划破了渐变为赭色的天空。The sky, deepening to ochre, is broken by two or three seagulls.🎈deepening to ochre修饰the sky。🎈“两点三点白鸥”中的量词“点”是由于从远处观测，海鸥显得很小以至于成了点。把“点”当做“只”理解即可。风带着夕阳的宣言去了。The wind that carried the declaration of the dying sun has gone.🎈这里译作……was gone也不是不可以。此时gone作形容词，表示“离开的；过去的；不复存在”。例句By morning the smoke will be all gone.这些烟到了早上就会散尽。像忽然融化了似的；海的无数跳跃着的金眼睛摊平为暗绿的大面孔。As if suddenly melting, the countless leaping golden eyes smooth themselves down into a great, dull, green face.🎈海的无数跳跃着的金眼睛摊平为暗绿的大面孔：即浪停了，海面平（静）了。🎈“摊平”译作smooth themselves down into…让人眼前一亮，生动形象。其中smooth是动词“使平滑”的意思，正好符合“浪打浪的褶皱形状抚平”的情形。远近有悲壮的笳声。From near, then far, comes the solemn, tragic sound of a flute.🎈“茄”即胡茄，我国北方民族的一种乐器，类似笛子。为明了起见，译成了flute（笛子），没有音译成Jia或Hu Jia。否则还得加注解说明，造成没有必要的累赘。译成flute，不失原意，一看即明。🎈胡笳十八拍：《胡笳十八拍》是一首中国古琴名曲，据传为蔡文姬作，为中国古代十大名曲之一。因一章为一拍，共十八章，故有此名。以感人的音调诉说了蔡文姬一生的悲苦遭遇，反映了战乱给人民带来的深重灾难，抒发了对祖国、乡土的思念和不忍骨肉分离的强烈感情。《胡笳十八拍》是蔡文姬用胡笳的音调翻入古琴中而创作的具有新颖风格的音乐，诗中有“胡笳本自出胡中，绿琴翻出音律同”，“笳一会兮琴一拍”等便是汉胡音乐融为一体的证明。全曲气贯长虹，感情深沉，完整统一。夜的黑幕沉重地将落未落。Night’s black curtain will be heavily lowered, but has not yet completely fallen.🎈“将落未落”按“半落状态”之意理解译作will be heavily lowered, but has not yet completely fallen。不知到什么地方去过一次的风，忽然又回来了，这回是打着鼓似的：勃仑仑，勃仑仑！不，不单是风，有雷！风挟着雷声！The wind, having gone no-one-knows-where, suddenly returns, returns as a beating drum: Boom-lum-lum, Boom-lum-lum! No, not the wind alone, but thunder! The wind carries the voice of thunder!🎈“不知到什么地方去过一次的风”一句，在英文中恰有类似的表达方式，用完成时态来突出“过去”这一层含义。在英文counterpart储存量上，native speaker占优势，是第二语言习得者无法比拟的。海又动荡，波浪跳起来，轰！轰！The sea roils again, waves suiting high, crash! Crash!🎈roil指水的激荡、翻腾。在夜的海上，大风雨来了！To the night-bound sea a storm has come!🎈To the night-bound sea位于句首：英语中，有些倒装是出于语法上的需要，非用倒装语序不可，具有强制性；有些则是为了达到某种修辞效果，如强调、平衡、衔接等。🔥必背词汇roil v.水激荡，翻滚，翻腾英义If water roils, it is rough and disturbed.例句The water roiled to his left as he climbed carefully at the edge of the waterfall.当他在瀑布边缘小心攀爬时，水就在他左边奔腾。solemn adj.严肃的，庄严的英义Someone or something that is solemn is very serious rather than cheerful or humorous.例句His solemn little face broke into smiles.他严肃的小脸蛋上突然绽放出笑容。flute n.长笛英义A flute is a musical instrument of the woodwind family. You play it by blowing over a hole near one end while holding it sideways to your mouth.例句He played a delightful melody on his flute.他用笛子吹奏了欢快的曲调。ochre n.赭色，淡橘黄色英义Something that is ochre is a yellowish orange colour.例句For our dining room I have chosen ochre yellow walls.我决定把我们餐厅的墙壁刷成赭黄色。hoist v.举起，抬起，拉起英义If you hoist something heavy somewhere, you lift it or pull it up there.例句Grabbing the side of the bunk, he hoisted himself to a sitting position.他抓住铺位的床沿，坐起身来。🔥重点表达深蓝色deep blue排了队的小浪countless rows of small breakers开正步走are marching in parade-step跟着某人做；仿效某人；照着做follow suit冲锋号a bugle calling to charge闪射着金光casting out golden sparks战斗时的呐喊，喊杀声a battle cry轮火红的夕阳the fiery half circle of the setting sun尽了今天的历史的使命complete today’s historic duty我的死期到了my time to die is here升起hoist up喜马拉雅山the Himalayas太平洋the Pacific血焰blood-red flames海的无数跳跃着的金眼睛摊平为暗绿的大面孔the countless leaping golden eyes smooth themselves down into a great, dull, green face将落未落will be heavily lowered, but has not yet completely fallen🔥复盘测试深蓝色排了队的小浪开正步走跟着某人做；仿效某人；照着做冲锋号闪射着金光战斗时的呐喊，喊杀声轮火红的夕阳尽了今天的历史的使命我的死期到了升起喜马拉雅山太平洋血焰海的无数跳跃着的金眼睛摊平为暗绿的大面孔将落未落🔥表达对比「全是，满是」有几种表达？满海（全是）金眼睛，全在跳跃。The whole sea is full of golden eyes, all leaping.这条河（盛产鱼）。This stream abounds with fish.一年中大部分时间里，这个地区（游人如织）。For most of the year, the area is teeming with tourists.不久以前，他写了一首《野草颂》，(通篇都是)空话。The other day, he wrote the following poem entitled Ode to Wild Grass, likewise packed with empty words.草地上（开满）小米粒那样黄的小花朵。The meadow was studded all over with small yellow flowers as tiny as grains of millet.
帕布莉卡
朗读这篇文章
茅盾《雾》 
爱是一颗心遇到另一颗心（出处+配图） 
