My Teaching Career谢冰莹Xie Bingying🔥背景知识：《粉笔生涯》是谢冰莹写于1932年的一篇散文。当时她在福建的厦门中学教书。文章记述了作者从教的片段经历，充分反映了她当老师时的敬业精神和对青年学生的深厚感情。开学了，寂寞的教室，突然热闹起来。School has started after the vacation. The quiet classrooms have suddenly begun to buzz with activity.🎈「开学了」可译为School has started after the vacation、School has begun、It is another new term。一到晚上，满院子电灯辉煌，嘹亮的读书声非常悦耳。At night, the whole school compound is ablaze with lights and rings with the pleasant sound of students reading their lessons aloud.🎈「满院」可译为the whole school compound。因所指的主要是教学楼，也可译为all the school buildings。整天和一群年轻的孩子在一块，自己也好像年轻了许多。Mixing with the kids all day long has made me feel like many, many years younger.🎈mix with 交往；相处；交际 英义to meet and talk to different people, especially at social events例句They don’t mix much with the neighbours. 他们不怎么与邻居交往。 🎈「自己也好像年轻了许多」意即「感觉自己似乎也年轻了许多」，译为feel like many, many years younger，其中短语feel like的意思是「感到好像」。此句也可译为feel like if I were many, many years younger（使用虚拟语气）。上课的时候，难免要装出一副老师的面孔骗一骗孩子们；一到下课，便现出真面目来了。Though I’m often obliged to meet my class assuming a grave teacher-like countenance, I’ll again be my true self as soon as class is over.🎈「装出一副老师的面孔骗一骗孩子们」译为assuming a grave teacher-like countenance，其中assuming的意思是「装出」「摆出……的样子」等，已有「骗一骗孩子们」的内涵。如字面直译为trying to fool the kids by putting on the stern look of a teacher，不仅累赘，且有悖原意。grave意为「严肃的」，为增译词，原文虽无其词却有其意。此句也可译为with the feigned sternness of a school teacher，其中feigned作「假装的」解，sternness为增译词，意为「严厉」，同grave用法一致。我和她们一同散步，一同谈笑，讲故事给她们听；I’ll go for a stroll with some girl students, chat gaily with them or tell them stories.🎈此处为第一次出现「她们」，所以译者译出了「她们」的身份some girl students。常常就寝铃摇了，还有躲在我房子里玩的学生。Often, after the going-to-bed bell has rung, some of them will continue to enjoy themselves by hiding in my room.🎈「就寝铃」即「上床铃」，故译为the going-to-bed bell。只要她们不妨碍功课，我是欢喜她们来玩的，为了和我接近的大都是女孩，于是惹起那些男生的嫉妒：I, however, welcome their visit as long as it does not interfere with their studies. But my close contact with many girls has aroused a feeling of jealousy among the boy students.🎈此处it指的是「玩」这件事。🎈「为了和我接近的大都是女孩，于是惹起那些男生的嫉妒」这句话中动词很多，所以在翻译时就转换成「和女学生的接触引起了男生的嫉妒」，故译为But my close contact with many girls has aroused a feeling of jealousy among the boy students。but为暗含之意。“老师有封建思想，她不和我们男生玩。”“Our teacher’s a slave to old conventions,” they grumbled. “She’s so stand-offish towards us boys.”🎈「老师有封建思想」如按字面直译为Our teacher is feudalistic-minded，恐不易让外国读者理解。这里「封建思想」是指「旧习俗」「旧清规戒律」，如孔子所谓「男女授受不亲」等，因此可译为Our teacher’s a slave to old conventions或Our teacher is clinging to old conventions。🎈Cling to意为「坚守」「固守」直到后来我帮助他们编了个《曙光》文艺周刊，登在《厦门日报》，Their displeasure lasted until I helped them with the publication of Aurora, a weekly literary supplement in The Xiamen Daily.🎈此处需要一定的背景知识，《曙光》是《厦门日报》旗下的文艺周刊，故译为Aurora, a weekly literary supplement in The Xiamen Daily。不怕麻烦地替他们修改，编排，这才使他们知道：“呵，原来老师对我们并没有两条心。”I took great pains to polish and arrange their articles. They exclaimed, “Ah, our teacher’s after all of one mind with us boys!”🎈take great pains to：煞费苦心，不怕麻烦🎈「编排」此处意为「排版文章」，故译为arrange their articles。🎈be of one mind：意见一致，看法相同The food companies are not of one mind about these new regulations.对于这些新规定，各食品公司意见不一。孩子们是可爱的，他们天真，坦白，热情，心里想到什么就说什么，没有丝毫虚伪，没有丝毫勉强。The kids are just lovely. They are naive, candid and cordial. They speak straight from the heart, without the slightest insincerity or reluctance.🎈「虚伪」在此处可按「不诚恳」之意译为insincerity，这比hypocrisy更确切些。🎈「没有丝毫勉强」即「没有丝毫不情愿」，故译为without reluctance。我爱他们，我愿永远和他们在一起生活。I love them dearly and wish I could be with them forever.🎈「和他们在一起生活」此处译文为be with them forever，使用了表状态的be动词，也可以用live。这时，使我回忆起北平的生活来了：All that has brought back to my mind memories of my life in Peiping where I used to teach at Anhui Middle School.🎈此句结合下文信息，补充为my mind memories of my life in Peiping where I used to teach at Anhui Middle School，where I used to teach at Anhui Middle School为定语从句，I used to teach at Anhui Middle School in Peiping。Q：如何区分where引导的是定语从句还是状语从句？🎈where引导定语从句时,where是关系副词,在从句中作地点状语,其前面有表示地点的先行词,where引导的从句修饰先行词.例句The shop where I bought this shirt is not far from here.（where= in which）我买这件衬衫的商店离这里不远。where引导状语从句时,where是从属连词, 前面没有表示地点的先行词.例句Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.在你有疑问的地方做记号。例句I found my books where I had left them.我在我原来放书的地方发现了我的书。有时,where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义,可放在主句的前面,而where引导的定语从句则不能.例句Where there is water,there is life.有水的地方就有生命.在有些情况下,where引导的定语从句可转换为where引导的地点状语从句.例句A tall building was put up at the place where there used to be a desert.（＝A tall building was put up where there used to be a desert.）在以前曾是沙漠的地方盖起了一幢高楼.记得安徽中学，曾有两个最顽皮的学生，他们有时把黑板刷子悬在天花板上；有时把花生壳装在我的口袋里；Over there, two very naughty students sometimes went so far as to hang my blackboard eraser high up under the ceiling or fill my pockets with peanut shells.🎈go so far as to：居然，竟然还有一次写四个大字“孩子先生”在黑板上，明明在讥讽我是个孩子，Once they chalked up four big characters on the blackboard meaning “Child Teacher”, obviously a dig at me being so young.🎈「写……在黑板上」译为chalked up … on the blackboard，其中chalk up是成语，作「用粉笔写」解。🎈「明明在讥讽我是个孩子」中的「讥讽」指「挖苦」「嘲笑」，不宜译为satire或sarcasm等，这些词带有贬义，现全句译为(they) …. obviously a dig at me being so young，其中dig意同gibe，是通俗语，通过下文我们可知这些孩子是在跟我开玩笑。a dig at sb 挖苦，嘲讽某人例句He kept making sly little digs at me. 他总是拐弯抹角地挖苦我。 等到我责备他们时，却改变了口吻：“老师，我们是说您是孩子的先生，并不是说您是孩子。”However, when I took them to task, they tried to explain it away by saying, “Ma’am, we mean that you’re a teacher of us children, not that you yourself are a child.”🎈「等到我责备他们时，却改变了口吻」的意思是「我责备他们时，他们却辩解道……」，故译为when I took them to task, they tried to explain it away by saying….，其中took…to task是成语，作「责备…」解，意同criticized或scolded等；to explain …away也是成语，其意思是「为……作辩解」。Q:为何此处老师译为Ma’am？🎈用「老师」称呼别人在汉语是一种尊称，但英语Teacher则不一样，它不是尊称，不同于那些常见的尊称，如Doctor, Professor, Judge, Mr等。因此这里「老师」不能直译为Teacher，应译为Ma’am（是Madam的缩略，兼指已婚或未婚妇女），或Miss Xie。其实，说来惭愧，那时学生里面，有好几个是比我年纪大的；也许因为我自己也像个孩子，所以和他们相处得很好。As a matter of fact, to my great embarrassment, quite a few of my students then were older than I. But, since I behaved so much like a child, I got along very well with them.Q: than后面到底跟宾格还是主格？🎈当句中动词为不及物动词或动词的宾语为物时，than后面的人称代词既可以用主格，也可以用宾格，意思不变例句Tom runs much faster than I/ me.汤姆比我跑得快得多。She speaks English better than he/him.她英语说得比他好。需要注意的是：如果在than后保留动词的话，这时than后要用主格形式，不能用宾格例句Tom runs much faster than I do.（不能用me）She speaks English better than he does. （不能用him）当句中动词的宾语指人时，than后用主格代词或宾格代词，意思有区别比较She knows me better than he. 她比他更了解我。She knows me better than him. 她了解我胜过了解他。第一个完整句是：She knows me better than he knows me，than从句中省略了knows me； 第二个完整句是：She knows me better than she knows him, 从句中省略了she knows。需要特别注意的是：在遇到主格、宾格相同的you时，句子就不能省略了，否则就会产生歧义。例句She knows me better than you.此句可理解为She knows me better than you did. 她比你更了解我。She knows me better than she knows you. 她了解我胜过了解你。那时他们研究文艺的空气特别浓厚，我还记得有一位叫做仇振远，小说写得非常之好。I remember that one student, named Qiu Zhenyuan, was particularly good at writing stories.🎈「仇」在姓氏中念Qiu。后来，校长说我只教学生写语体文太不像话，有意叫我走，于是我便提出辞职。Later, when I learned that the headmaster had the intention to dismiss me on the pretext that I had been making the grave mistake of calling on the students to use vernacular rather than classical Chinese for composition writing, I readily handed in my resignation on my own initiative.🎈that I had been making the grave mistake of calling on the students to use vernacular rather than classical Chinese for composition writing为同位语从句，修饰pretext借口。🎈「只教学生写语体文太不像话」意即「只让学生用白话文，不用文言文写作文的严重错误」，故译为the grave mistake of calling on the students to use vernacular rather than classical Chinese for composition writing，其中calling on作「要求」「号召」解；rather than classical Chinese是增译成分，在译文中起解释作用。学生们听到了这个消息就拼命挽留我；因为我的关系，他们还闹了一场风波，振远和其他的几位同学，居然被开除了。The students, on hearing the news, tried desperately to urge me to stay on, and even kicked up a school disturbance for my sake. Consequently, Qiu Zhenyuan and several other students were expelled from school.🎈「闹了一场风波」意即「煽动学潮」，故译为kicked up a school disturbance。其中kick up意同stirred up或caused。这件事一直到现在回想起来，我还觉得对不住他们。Today, whenever I recall the incident, I cannot help feeling deeply sorry for them.🎈「还觉得对不住他们」意即「还忍不住对他们表示深深的歉意」，故译为cannot help feeling deeply sorry for them。🔥必背生词buzz v. 充满兴奋(或活动等)英义to be full of excitement, activity, etc. 例句The place was buzzing with journalists. 那个地方被记者搞得闹哄哄的。 countenance n. 面容; 面部表情英义your face or your expression例句All colour drained from her countenance.她变得面无血色。stand-offish adj. 冷漠的;冷淡的;疏远的英义If you say that someone is stand-offish, you mean that they behave in a formal and rather unfriendly way. 例句He can be quite stand-offish and rude, even to his friends.他有时会很冷淡，很粗鲁，甚至对自己的朋友也是如此。chalk v. 用粉笔写(或画)英义to write or draw sth with chalk 例句She chalked (up) the day’s menu on the board. 她把当天的菜单用粉笔写在黑板上。 pretext n. 藉口；托辞英义a false reason that you give for doing sth, usually sth bad, in order to hide the real reason; an excuse 例句The incident was used as a pretext for intervention in the area. 这次事件成了干涉那个地区的藉口。 🔥重点词组突然热闹起来 suddenly begin to buzz with activity灯火辉煌 be ablaze with lights嘹亮的读书声非常悦耳 ring with the pleasant sound of students reading their lessons aloud整天和一群孩子在一块 mix with the kids all day long 装出一副老师的面孔骗一骗孩子们 assume a grave teacher-like countenance和她们一同散步 go for a stroll with some girl students妨碍功课 interfere with their studies惹起男生的嫉妒 arouse a feeling of jealousy among the boy students有封建思想 be a slave to old conventions不怕麻烦地替他们修改，编排 take great pains to polish and arrange their articles心里想到什么说什么 speak straight from the heart没有丝毫虚伪，没有丝毫勉强 without the slightest insincerity or reluctance回忆起北平的生活 bring back to my mind memories of my life in Peiping把黑板刷子悬在天花板上 hang my blackboard eraser high up under the ceiling把花生壳装在我的口袋里 fill my pockets with peanut shells写四个大字“孩子先生”在黑板上 chalk up four big characters on the blackboard meaning “Child Teacher”明明在讥讽我是个孩子 obviously a dig at me being so young像个孩子 behave like a child和他们相处得很好 get along very well with them有意叫我走 have the intention to dismiss me 自己提出辞职 hand in my resignation on my own initiative拼命挽留我 try desperately to urge me to stay on闹了一场风波 kick up a school disturbance被学校开除 be expelled from school🔥复盘测试突然热闹起来灯火辉煌嘹亮的读书声非常悦耳整天和一群年轻的孩子在一块装出一副老师的面孔骗一骗孩子们和她们一同散步妨碍功课惹起男生的嫉妒有封建思想不怕麻烦地替他们修改，编排心里想到什么说什么没有丝毫虚伪，没有丝毫勉强回忆起北平的生活把黑板刷子悬在天花板上把花生壳装在我的口袋里写四个大字“孩子先生”在黑板上明明在讥讽我是个孩子像个孩子和他们相处得很好有意叫我走自己提出辞职拼命挽留我闹了一场风波被学校开除🔥表达对比关于「一起」的不同译法整天和一群年轻的孩子在一块，自己也好像年轻了许多。Mixing with the kids all day long has made me feel like many, many years younger.我和她们一同散步，一同谈笑，讲故事给她们听；I’ll go for a stroll with some girl students, chat gaily with them or tell them stories.我爱他们，我愿永远和他们在一起生活。I love them dearly and wish I could be with them forever.他告诉我：老陈同别的木匠一起在南门一家大公馆里修楼房，工程快要完了，但是不晓得怎样，老陈竟然从楼上跌下来，跌死了。He told me: Lao Chen, together with other carpenters, was building a mansion for a rich household at the southern city gate. When it was nearing completion, it suddenly came to pass that he fell off the building and died.峭寒的北风将屋檐瓦角的雪屑一起卷到空中，舞过一个圈子以后都极善选择地向路人脖项里钻。The raw wind sent the snow on the tiles along the eaves whirling in the air in tiny bits and adroitly making its way down the necks of the pedestrians by way of their collars.十几亿口子人一起吃年夜饭，Just think of it, more than one billion people are having their New Year dinner at the same time!“万岁，万岁，万万岁！”我将和全世界的真的人们一同三呼。I would join true people all the world over in giving three cheers for myself.整齐严肃的一同举起杯来，would solemnly raise their glasses in unison to drink to their motherland amidst the rattle of sabres.
帕布莉卡
朗读这篇文章
谢冰莹《樱之家》 
爱是一颗心遇到另一颗心（出处+配图） 
