The Tiger巴金Ba Jin🔥背景知识：《虎》是巴金写于1941年7月26日的一篇随笔，后编入散文集《龙·虎·狗》。作者爱虎，讲述有关虎的故事和家庭往事，娓娓道来，夹叙夹议，耐人寻味。我不曾走入深山，见到活泼跳跃的猛虎。但是我听过不少关于虎的故事。I have never been to the depths of remote mountains to see a lively fierce tiger, but I have heard quite a few stories about it.🎈深山：the depths of remote mountainsQ: 「我不曾走入深山，见到活泼跳跃的猛虎」可以处理为并列句吗？以and连接？🎈从语法角度来看，可以。处理为并列句时，“走入”be to和“见到”see为两个并列的动作；译文中的“to”则表达了走入深山的目的，也呼应了本篇主题，因此处理为表目的的to do 结构为更优解。没有最好的译文，只有更好的译文。在兽类中我最爱虎；在虎的故事中我最爱下面的一个：Of all animals, I like the tiger best. And of all the stories about it, the following is my favourite:🎈表达「最爱……」时，可参照译文的表达方式：Of all …, I like ….best，可以替换掉My favourite … is…。深山中有一所古庙，几个和尚在那里过着单调的修行生活。There was deep in a mountain an ancient temple where several pious Buddhist monks lived a monotonous life.🎈「几个和尚在那里过着单调的修行生活」可译为where several monks lived the monotonous life of practising Buddhism，但不如where several pious Buddhist monks lived a monotonous life简洁灵活，其中pious已可涵盖「修行生活」。同他们做朋友的，除了有时上山来的少数乡下人外，就是几只猛虎。They had for company only a number of tigers apart from a few country folks who occasionally came up the mountain for a visit.🎈「同他们做朋友的……」即「陪伴他们的……」，故译为They had for company即可。此处company为名词，陪伴的意思，词组为keep sb’s company。其动词为accompany，词组为accompany by或accompany with。🎈apart from有两层意思：「除……之外（还）；此外；加之」，相当于in addition to，as well as；「除……之外（都）；要不是」，相当于except for。例句Apart from their house in London, they also have a villa in Spain. 他们在伦敦有一座房子，此外在西班牙还有一座别墅。 例句I’ve finished apart from the last question. 除了最后一道题，我全做完了。 虎不惊扰僧人，却替他们守护庙宇。Instead of harassing the monks, the tigers voluntarily stood guard at the gate of the temple.🎈「却替他们守护庙宇」译为the tigers voluntarily stood guard at the gate of the temple，其中voluntarily意为「主动地，自愿地」，为增译成分，老虎自愿守在寺庙门口，文中虽无其词却有其意。作为报酬，和尚把一些可吃的东西放在庙门前。As a reward for it, the monks would place some edibles in front of the gate for the tigers to eat.🎈「和尚把一些可吃的东西放在庙门前」译为he monks would place some edibles in front of the gate for the tigers to eat，其中for the tigers to eat让句子更完整。每天傍晚，夕阳染红小半个天空，虎们成群地走到庙门口，吃了东西，跳跃而去。Towards evening, when the setting sun had dyed half of the sky red, the tigers would come up to the gate in groups to eat their fill and then left skipping and jumping.🎈eat / drink your fill 开怀大吃/畅饮英义to eat or drink as much as you want or need例句Eat your fill, children; there is plenty for you.尽管吃饱吧，孩子们；饭菜多着呢，足够你们吃的。Q:「跳跃而去」短短四字，却出现了三个动词，该如何处理呢？🎈可将「跳跃」两个动词处理为非谓语动词表伴随动作，而「去」则为谓语动词，故译为left skipping and jumping。庙门大开，僧人安然在庙内做他们的日课，The monks usually left the gate wide open while peacefully engaged in their daily routine of chanting Buddhist scripture inside the temple. 🎈「僧人安然在庙内做他们的日课」可按「僧人安然在庙内念经」译为while peacefully engaged in their daily routine of chanting Buddhist scripture inside the temple或while enchanting Buddhist scripture undisturbed inside the temple，其中「安然」意即「不受干扰」，故译为peacefully或undisturbed。也没有谁出去看虎怎样吃东西，即使偶尔有一二和尚立在门前，虎们也视为平常的事情，把他们看作熟人，不去惊动，Normally none of them came out to watch the tigers eat. Sometimes, however, one or two monks did appear standing at the gate, but the tigers would remain unalarmed and, taking the monks for their friends, did nothing to harm them. 🎈「虎们也视为平常的事情」意即「虎们没有为此感到惊恐」，故译为the tigers would remain unalarmed。🎈taking the monks for their friends为非谓语动词作原因状语。🎈「不去惊动」即「不想去伤害他们」，故译为did nothing to harm them。却斯斯文文地吃完走开。They just kept on eating unhurriedly until they finished and left.🎈此句意即「却不慌不忙地吃…」，故译为They just kept on eating unhurriedly…如果看不见僧人，虎们就发出几声长啸，随着几阵风飞腾而去。Sometimes, when they found no monks at the gate, they would whisk away like the wind after uttering several thunderous roars.🎈「随着几阵风飞腾而去」可按「一阵风似的跑掉了」译为they would whisk away like the wind，其中like the wind是习语，作「快速」解。此句也可译为they would be gone with the wind in a flash（或 in the twinkling of an eye）。可惜我不能走到这座深山，去和猛虎为友。It’s a pity that I’m unable to go to the mountain to make friends with the fierce tigers.🎈某事是可惜的：It’s a pity that只有偶尔在梦里，我才见到这样可爱的动物。I can only see the lovely animal in my dreams once in a while.🎈「偶尔」除了occasionally, now and then，还可译为once in a while。在动物园里看见的则是被囚在“狭的笼”中摇尾乞怜的驯兽了。As to the tiger we see in a zoo, it is nothing but a wretched tame animal confined to a cage.🎈we see in a zoo为定语从句，修饰the tiger，因先行词在从句中作宾语成分，故可以省略。🎈「狭的笼」在此篇文章中意即「笼子」，此意象在巴金另一部小说《家》中也出现了，「觉慧说:‘所谓家，不过是狭的笼罢了。’」（此处「狭的笼」指的是家）。故，被囚在「狭的笼」中译为confined to a cage即可，其后置定语修饰animal。其实说“驯兽”，也不恰当。甚至在虎圈中，午睡醒来，昂首一呼，还能使猿猴颤栗。Nevertheless, it is improper to call such a tiger “tame animal” because caged as it is, the roar it raises on waking up from a nap is still such as to make monkeys tremble with terror.🎈「其实说‘驯兽’，也不恰当」意即「把老虎称为驯兽，也不恰当」，故译为it is improper to call such a tiger ‘tame animal’。🎈「在虎圈中」意即「即使被关住了」，故译为caged as it is，此处cage为动词，把（动物）关在牢中。万兽之王的这种余威，我们也还可以在作了槛内囚徒的虎身上看出来。One can visualize in the caged animal the power of the erstwhile king of beasts.🎈「万兽之王的这种余威」意即「老虎以前作为万兽之王时留下的威力」，故译为the power of the erstwhile king of beasts，erstwhile意为「过去的，往昔的」。🎈「槛内囚徒」即「被困在笼子里」，故译为the caged animal，此处未将虎直译出，而是译为animal，避免重复用词，并且从上下文中，也可以理解出此animal指的是tiger。倘使放它出柙，它仍会奔回深山，重做山林的霸主。Set it free, and it will go right back to the remote mountains to lord it over the forest again.🎈「它仍会奔回深山，重做山林的霸主」可译为it will quickly return to the remote mountains to reign over the forest again（或to resume its domination over the forest）。现译it will go right back to the remote mountains to lord it over the forest again，其中to lord it over是习语，作「称霸」解。我记起一件事情：三十一年前，父亲在广元做县官。有天晚上，一个本地猎户忽然送来一只死虎，Thirty-one years ago, I remember, when my father was magistrate of Guangyuan County a local hunter suddenly visited him one evening to present him with a dead tiger.🎈「忽然送来一只死虎」意即「忽然拜访他，把死虎当作礼物送给他」，译为suddenly visit him to present him with a dead tiger。他带着一脸惶恐的表情对我父亲说，他入山打猎，只想猎到狼、狐、豺、狗，却不想误杀了万兽之王。He told my father nervously that he had killed the king of beasts by mistake for he had been to the mountains exclusively to hunt wolves, foxes, jackals and dogs.🎈「他入山打猎，只想猎到狼、狐、豺、狗」译为for he had been to the mountains exclusively to hunt wolves, foxes, jackals and dogs，其中exclusively意为仅仅，只。他决不是存心打虎的。他不敢冒犯虎威，怕虎对他报仇，He added that he had by no means killed the tiger on purpose, that he was afraid that the mighty tiger would retaliate against him for his serious offence🎈He added that通过add一词，将以下几句话连在一起，同为宾语从句，这几句话都是他继续说的内容。🎈「不敢冒犯虎威」由动词词组转换为介词词组，也换了一种表达方式，怕虎对他报仇是因为他对万兽之王的严重冒犯，故译为for his serious offence。但是他又不能使枉死的虎复活，因此才把死虎带来献给“父母官”，以为可以减轻他的罪过。and that since the dead animal could not be revived, he had brought it as a gift to my father the magistrate in order to have his own crime mitigated.🎈「又不能使枉死的虎复活」译为since the dead animal could not be revived，用since是因为死而复生是不可能的事情，这也是众所周知的事情。🎈「父母官」是旧时民间对县官的称呼，在此可按上下文译为my father the magistrate。父亲给了猎人若干钱，便接受了这个礼物。My father accepted it and gave him some money in return.🎈「给了猎人若干钱」译为gave him some money in return，其中in return为「交换」之意，文中虽无其词却有其意。死虎在衙门里躺了一天，才被剥了皮肢解了。The dead tiger lay in the yamen for a day until it was skinned and dismembered.🎈在衙门里躺了一天lie in the yamen for a day🎈回顾lie，lay的变化形式：Lie（说谎）-lied-liedLie（躺）-lay-lainLay（下蛋）-laid-laid🎈「衙门」指辛亥革命以前中国的官署，可译为yamen，属英语中的外来语。后来父亲房内多了一张虎皮椅垫，而且常常有人到我们家里要虎骨粉去泡酒当药吃。From then on, my father had a new acquisition in his room — namely, the tiger-skin chair cushion, and people often came to our home to ask for some tiger-bone powder, with which they were to make a medicinal drink by steeping it in liquor.🎈「后来父亲房内多了一张虎皮椅垫」译为From then on, my father had a new acquisition in his room — namely, the tiger-skin chair cushion,其中a new acquisition比something new确切，因前者的意思是「新增添的东西」，与后者略有不同。🎈「虎骨」应指「虎的头骨」，因此未译为the tiger bones，而是将其译为一个形容词tiger-bone，故「虎骨粉」译为tiger-bone powder。我们一家人带着虎的头骨回到成都。Later, when my family moved back to Chengdu, we brought the tiger’s skull with us.🎈此句中暗含的时间是「后来」，故译为Later。头骨放在桌上，有时我眼睛看花了，会看出一个活的虎头来。Sometimes I would gaze at the skull on the table until it blurred before my eyes and conjured up in me visions of a live tiger’s head.🎈「头骨放在桌上，有时我眼睛看花了」意即「我一直盯着放在桌上的头骨看直到眼花」，故译为Sometimes I would gaze at the skull on the table until it blurred before my eyes。不过虎骨总是锁在柜子里，等着有人来要药时，父亲才叫人拿出它来磨粉。But we always had it locked up in a cupboard. My father would not have it taken out to have part of it ground into powder unless when someone who needed it as medicine came to ask for it.🎈「虎骨总是锁在柜子里」此句换了主语，将「虎骨」转换为「我们」，然后通过have sth. done来表达被动含义。🎈「叫人拿出它来磨粉」译为have it taken out to have part of it ground into powder，其中have sth. done不是表被动，而是表示「让某人做某事」。🎈「有人来要药时」译文对「有人」进行了补充，通过定语从句who needed it as medicine对someone进行修饰。最后整个头都变成粉末四处散开了。Consequently the whole tiger skull was given away in the form of powder.🎈变成粉末四处散开了 be given away in the form of powder🎈give away的不同意思赠送，捐赠英义If you give away something that you own, you give it to someone, rather than selling it, often because you no longer want it.例句He was giving his collection away for nothing…他将收藏品无偿捐献出来。丧失，失去，错失优势英义If someone gives away an advantage, they accidentally cause their opponent or enemy to have that advantage.例句Military advantages should not be given away.不能丧失军事优势。泄露秘密英义If you give away information that should be kept secret, you reveal it to other people.例句They felt like they were giving away company secrets.他们觉得自己正在泄露公司的机密。使露出真面目英义To give someone or something away means to show their true nature or identity, which is not obvious.例句Although they are pretending hard to be young, grey hair and cellulite give them away…虽然他们费尽心思地扮年轻，但是花白的头发和赘肉却将他们的真实年龄暴露无遗。经过三十年的长岁月，人应该忘记了许多事情。Things that happened some thirty years ago are apt to be forgotten.🎈此句主语由有灵主语「人」转为无灵主语Things，并且以that happened some thirty years ago作为定语从句来修饰things。但是到今天我还记得虎头骨的形状，和猎人说话时的惶恐表情。But even to this day I still remember the appearance of the tiger’s skull and the apprehension in the hunter’s face while he addressed my father.🎈虎头骨的形状 the appearance of the tiger’s skull🎈和猎人说话时的惶恐表情 the apprehension in the hunter’s faceapprehension除惶恐外，还有逮捕，理解。例句 …information leading to the apprehension of the alleged killer.致使凶杀嫌犯被捕的信息例句 …the sudden apprehension of something familiar as something alien突然间领悟到熟悉的事物原来如此陌生如果叫我把那个猎人的面容描写一下，我想用一句话：他好像做过了什么亵渎神明的事情似的。I should say that his facial expression boiled down to this: he looked as if he had blasphemed the gods.🎈译文中boiled down是习语，作「可归纳为」(may be summarized as)解。🎈译文简练，不妨比较如下直译：If I should be called upon to describe his facial expression, I would sum it up in one single sentence: he looked as if he had blasphemed the gods.句子相对而言很长。译文切记要做到简洁地道。我还要补充说：他说话时不大敢看死虎，他的眼光偶尔挨到它，他就要变脸色。And I would also like to add in passing that while he was talking to my father he didn’t even dare to take a glance at the dead tiger. He would turn pale the moment his eye accidentally fell on it.🎈「我还要补充说：」译为And I would also like to add in passing…，其中in passing是习语，作「顺便地」解，是增译成分，在译文中有承上启下的作用。🎈「说话时不大敢看死虎」译为he didn’t even dare to take a glance at the dead tiger，其中「看」译为take a glance at，有「瞥一眼」的意思，更能体现他的害怕。🎈「他的眼光偶尔挨到它，他就要变脸色」意即「他一看到它，脸色就变得苍白」，故译为He would turn pale the moment his eye accidentally fell on it，其中the moment表示一…就…死了以后，还能够使人害怕，使人尊敬，像虎这样的猛兽，的确是值得我们热爱的。A fierce animal like the tiger, which continues to inspire us with reverent awe even after death, really deserves our warm love.🎈「使人害怕，使人尊敬」译为inspire us with reverent awe，其中「害怕」与「尊敬」合成reverent awe。把汉语两个并列形容词转变为英语「定语＋抽象名词」的形式，内容不变，是文学翻译的一个常用方法。如飘逸恬静译为gentle gracefulness。🔥必背词汇pious adj. 〔对宗教〕虔诚的英义having strong religious beliefs, and showing this in the way you behave例句He was a quiet, pious man.他是个文静而又虔诚的人。monotonous adj. 单调乏味的英义never changing and therefore boring例句New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.秘书不停地更换，令人厌烦。 harass v. 侵扰，骚扰英义to annoy or worry sb by putting pressure on them or saying or doing unpleasant things to them 例句He has complained of being harassed by the police. 他投诉受到警方侵扰。 dye v. 〔用染料〕染，给…染色英义to give something a different colour using a dye例句Priscilla’s hair was dyed jet black.普里希拉的头发染成了乌黑色。cage v. 把…放（关）进笼中英义to put or keep an animal or bird in a cage例句caged birds笼中鸟visualize v. 使形象化，想像，构思，设想英义to form a picture of sb / sth in your mind 例句Try to visualize him as an old man. 尽量设想他是一位老人。 lord v. 对某人举止霸道(或逞威风)英义lord it over sb (disapproving): to act as if you are better or more important than sb例句He didn’t use his position on the council to lord it over people.他并没有利用自己在市政会的地位在人前逞威风。dismember v. 肢解，分割…的躯体英义To dismember the body of a dead person or animal means to cut or pull it into pieces. 例句He then dismembered her, hiding parts of her body in the cellar…他接着将她肢解，将部分尸体藏在了地窖里。steep v. 浸泡〔食物〕英义to put food in a liquid and leave it there, so that it becomes soft or has the same taste as the liquid, or so that it gives the liquid its taste例句Leave the tea bag to steep.让茶包浸泡一会。apprehension n. 忧虑，担心，疑惧，恐惧 英义worry or fear that sth unpleasant may happen例句There is growing apprehension that fighting will begin again. 人们愈来愈担心会重开战火。 address v. 向…说话英义to say sth directly to sb 例句I was surprised when he addressed me in English. 他用英语跟我说话，我很诧异。 blaspheme v. 亵渎英义If someone blasphemes, they say rude or disrespectful things about God or religion, or they use God’s name as a swear word. 例句 ‘Don’t blaspheme,’ my mother said…“不要亵渎神明，”我母亲说。reverent adj. 非常尊敬的，深表崇敬的 英义showing great respect and admiration例句Ellen looks almost reverent.埃伦看起来近乎虔诚。🔥重点词组不曾走入深山 have never been to the depths of remote mountains见到活泼跳跃的猛虎 see a lively fierce tiger过着单调生活 live a monotonous life同他们做朋友的 have sb for company有时上山来 occasionally come up the mountain for a visit惊扰僧人 harass the monks替他们守护庙宇 voluntarily stand guard at the gate of the temple作为报酬 as a reward把一些可吃的东西放在庙门前 place some edibles in front of the gate for the tigers to eat染红小半个天空 dye half of the sky red成群地走到庙门口 come up to the gate in groups开怀大吃/畅饮 eat / drink your fill跳跃而去 leave skipping and jumping庙门大开 leave the gate wide open安然在庙内做他们的日课 peacefully engage in their daily routine of chanting Buddhist scripture inside the temple；enchant Buddhist scripture undisturbed inside the temple出去看虎怎样吃东西 come out to watch the tigers eat把和尚看作熟人 take the monks for their friends不去惊动 do nothing to harm them斯斯文文地吃完走开 keep on eating unhurriedly until they finish and leave看不见僧人 find no monks at the gate发出几声长啸 utter several thunderous roars随着几阵风飞腾而去 whisk away like the wind；be gone with the wind in a flash；be gone with the wind in the twinkling of an eye去和猛虎为友 make friends with the fierce tigers偶尔 once in a while；occasionally；now and then摇尾乞怜的驯兽 a wretched tame animal午睡醒来 on waking up from a nap昂首一呼 raises the roar使猿猴颤栗 make monkeys tremble with terror万兽之王的余威 the power of the erstwhile king of beasts重做山林的霸主 lord it over the forest again奔回深山 go right back to the remote mountains一个本地猎户 a local hunter忽然送来一只死虎 suddenly visited him to present him with a dead tiger误杀了万兽之王 kill the king of beasts by mistake 只想猎到狼、狐、豺、狗 exclusively to hunt wolves, foxes, jackals and dogs决不是存心打虎的 by no means kill the tiger on purpose对他报仇 retaliate against him for his serious offence减轻他的罪过 have his own crime mitigated在衙门里躺了一天 lie in the yamen for a day被剥了皮肢解了 be skinned and dismembered一张虎皮椅垫 the tiger-skin chair cushion泡酒当药吃 make a medicinal drink by steeping it in liquor我眼睛看花了 blur before my eyes看出一个活的虎头来 conjure up in me visions of a live tiger’s head叫人拿出它来磨粉 have it taken out to have part of it ground into powder 变成粉末四处散开了 be given away in the form of powder虎头骨的形状 the appearance of the tiger’s skull和猎人说话时的惶恐表情 the apprehension in the hunter’s face可归纳为 boil down to亵渎神明 blaspheme the gods顺便地 in passing不大敢看死虎 don’t even dare to take a glance at the dead tiger变脸色 turn pale 使人害怕，使人尊敬inspire us with reverent awe🔥复盘测试不曾走入深山见到活泼跳跃的猛虎 过着单调生活同他们做朋友的有时上山来 惊扰僧人 替他们守护庙宇作为报酬把一些可吃的东西放在庙门前 染红小半个天空 成群地走到庙门口开怀大吃/畅饮跳跃而去庙门大开安然在庙内做他们的日课 出去看虎怎样吃东西把和尚看作熟人不去惊动斯斯文文地吃完走开 看不见僧人 发出几声长啸随着几阵风飞腾而去 去和猛虎为友 偶尔 摇尾乞怜的驯兽午睡醒来昂首一呼 使猿猴颤栗 万兽之王的余威重做山林的霸主奔回深山一个本地猎户忽然送来一只死虎误杀了万兽之王 只想猎到狼、狐、豺、狗 决不是存心打虎的 对他报仇 减轻他的罪过 在衙门里躺了一天被剥了皮肢解了 一张虎皮椅垫泡酒当药吃 我眼睛看花了看出一个活的虎头来叫人拿出它来磨粉变成粉末四处散开了虎头骨的形状和猎人说话时的惶恐表情 可归纳为亵渎神明 顺便地不大敢看死虎 变脸色使人害怕，使人尊敬🔥表达对比关于「不敢、害怕」的相关表达其实说“驯兽”，也不恰当。甚至在虎圈中，午睡醒来，昂首一呼，还能使猿猴颤栗。Nevertheless, it is improper to call such a tiger “tame animal” because caged as it is, the roar it raises on waking up from a nap is still such as to make monkeys tremble with terror.他带着一脸惶恐的表情对我父亲说，他入山打猎，只想猎到狼、狐、豺、狗，却不想误杀了万兽之王。He told my father nervously that he had killed the king of beasts by mistake for he had been to the mountains exclusively to hunt wolves, foxes, jackals and dogs.他决不是存心打虎的。他不敢冒犯虎威，怕虎对他报仇，He added that he had by no means killed the tiger on purpose, that he was afraid that the mighty tiger would retaliate against him for his serious offence但是到今天我还记得虎头骨的形状，和猎人说话时的惶恐表情。But even to this day I still remember the appearance of the tiger’s skull and the apprehension in the hunter’s face while he addressed my father.我还要补充说：他说话时不大敢看死虎，他的眼光偶尔挨到它，他就要变脸色。And I would also like to add in passing that while he was talking to my father he didn’t even dare to take a glance at the dead tiger. He would turn pale the moment his eye accidentally fell on it.死了以后，还能够使人害怕，使人尊敬，像虎这样的猛兽，的确是值得我们热爱的。A fierce animal like the tiger, which continues to inspire us with reverent awe even after death, really deserves our warm love.小时候我害怕狗。I used to be afraid of dogs when I was a child.它后退两步，这次倒是它露出了害怕的表情。He backed up a few steps, it being his turn to show signs of inner fear.
帕布莉卡
朗读这篇文章
巴金《再忆萧珊》 
爱是一颗心遇到另一颗心（出处+配图） 
