The Lane –Ke Ling🔥背景知识：《巷》是柯灵（1909-2000）写于1930年秋的一篇著名小品散文。作者以沉挚细腻的笔调叙述江南小城市中的小巷，向往那里悠闲宁静的情调，流露出对大都市喧闹纷争的生活的厌恶。 巷，是城市建筑艺术中一篇飘逸恬静的散文，一幅古雅冲淡的图画。The lane, in terms of the art of urban architecture, is like a piece of prose of gentle gracefulness or a painting of classic elegance and simplicity.🎈就……而言 in terms of🎈「飘逸恬静」译为gentle gracefulness，把原文两个并列形容词转变为英语「定语＋抽象名词」的形式，内容不变。这是文学翻译时常用方法。「古雅冲淡」同理。这种巷，常在江南的小城市中，有如古代的少女，躲在僻静的深闺，轻易不肯抛头露面。Often tucked away in a small town south of the Yangtse River, the lane, like a maiden of ancient times hidden away in a secluded boudoir, is reluctant to make its appearance in public.🎈「常在江南的小城市中」译为Often tucked away in a small town south of the Yangtse River。其中，①动词短语to tuck away作「使隐藏」「把……置放在隐蔽的地方」解，是添加成分，原文虽无其词而有其意。复习《想北平》中：最小的胡同里的房子也有院子与树。Even houses tucked away in very small lanes have their own courtyards and trees. //②south of the Yangtse River作town的后置定语。be south of a place.表示「位于……的南部」，是常见搭配。例句I was living in a house just south of Market Street.我就住在市场街南边的一座房子里。🎈「轻易不肯抛头露面」意在描述少女的娇羞，即不愿抛头露面，故译为is reluctant to make its appearance in public。你要在这种城市里住久了，和它真正成了莫逆，你才有机会看见她，接触到她优娴贞静的风度。You’ll never have an opportunity to see it and savour its gentle poise until you have become truly attached to the small town after living there for a long time.🎈要/只有……才……译成了not… until句式。🎈风度：指人（美好的）举止仪态。故译为poise「优雅的姿势，姿态」🎈「你要在这种城市里住久了，和它真正成了莫逆」中存在的逻辑关系是：住久了之后（才能）成为莫逆。此处「莫逆」更多指的是「人与城市产生了紧密联系/喜欢上了这座城」，故译为have become truly attached to …after living…补充情投意合、友谊深厚的朋友叫「莫逆之交」贫贱而地位低下时结交的朋友叫「贫贱之交」情谊契合、亲如兄弟的朋友叫「金兰之交」同生死、共患难的朋友叫「刎颈之交」在遇到磨难时结成的朋友叫「患难之交」从小一块儿长大的异性好朋友叫「竹马之交」以平民身份相交往的朋友叫「布衣之交」辈份不同、年龄相差较大的朋友叫「忘年交」不拘于身份、形迹的朋友叫「忘形交」不因贵贱的变化而改变深厚友情的朋友叫「车笠交」在道义上彼此支持的朋友叫「君子交」世代有交情的两家弟子谒见对方长辈时的礼节（旧时也称异姓结拜的兄弟）叫「八拜之交」它不是乡村的陋巷，湫隘破败，泥泞坎坷，杂草乱生，两旁还排列着错落的粪缸。The lane has nothing in common with the mean rural alleys, which are narrow and low-lying, muddy and bumpy, overgrown with wild weeds and lined here and there with manure vats.🎈「它不是乡村的陋巷」意即「它和乡村的陋巷不同」，因此全句译为The lane has nothing in common with the mean rural alleys，其中成语in common的意思是「共同」🎈「湫隘破败」译为narrow and low-lying，未交代「破败」，因它的意思已包含在句中「陋」「坎坷」等形容词中。但如照译不误，也无不可：narrow, low-lying and in bad condition (out of repair)。🎈衬有，镶有 be lined with（可用于描述街道等的布置）例句Major commercial corridors were lined with brightly painted storefronts that competed for black consumer dollars. 主要的商业街区两旁排列着色彩鲜艳的店面，竞相招揽黑人消费者。它不是上海的里弄，鳞次栉比的人家，拥挤得喘不过气；小贩憧憧来往，Nor has it anything in common with linong (meaning alleys) in Shanghai, which are literally packed with dwellings and their residents. Over there, you’ll see vendors hawking their wares here and there.🎈鳞次栉比：像鱼鳞和梳子的齿一样，一个挨着一个地排列着，多用来形容房屋等密集。如：路旁各种建筑～。也说栉比鳞次。故「鳞次栉比的人家，拥挤得喘不过气」译为are literally packed with dwellings and their residents。其中，literally作副词讲，意为「确实地，真正地，不加夸张地」。挤满了be packed with。例句The attackers used a car packed with explosives. 袭击者使用了装满爆炸物的车。黝暗的小门边，不时走出一些趿着拖鞋的女子，头发乱似临风飞舞的秋蓬，眼睛里网满红丝，脸上残留着不调和的隔夜脂粉，颓然地走到老虎灶上去提水。From time to time, women are seen emerging from inside some dingy small gates and shuffling languidly in their slippers towards a laohuzao, the shop specializing in selling boiled water, their hair dishevelled like windblown withered grass in autumn, their eyes blood-shot, their faces betraying traces of overnight make-up.🎈「头发乱似临风飞舞的秋蓬」中的「蓬」是一种草，即「蓬蒿」，秋时干枯，临风飞舞，现将此句译为dishevelled like wind-blown withered grass in autumn. 🎈「颓然」意即「没精打采」或「慢吞吞」，译为languidly或sluggishly。🎈their hair…，their eyes…, their faces…是独立主格结构。🎈the shop specializing in selling boiled water是laohuzao的同位语，已经解释了老虎灶的用途，故「去提水」这个动作不必专门再译出。也不像北地的胡同，满目尘土，风起处刮着弥天的黄沙。Nor has the lane anything in common with hutong (also meaning alleys) in North China, which are dusty on every side, especially when a wind rises. Q: on every side of和on each side of的区别？🎈两个表达的区别其实就是each和every的区别：①each用来指两个（或以上）的事物，every用来指三个（或以上）的事物，不能指两个；②尽管each和every都可作「每一个」讲，但二者的意思并不完全一样。every强调整体，相当于all的意思，而each则表示个别的概念。（温馨提示：所以尤其在描述「路边都是……」的时候，要谨慎选择on each/every side of…）这种小巷，隔绝了市廛的红尘，却又不是乡村的风味。它又深又长，一个人耐心静静走去，要老半天才走完。The lane, though cut off from the hustle and bustle of busy cities, does not taste of the countryside at all. It is long and deep, so it will take you a long while to walk patiently and quietly through it from end to end.🎈有…的味道/风味taste of从这一端到另一端from end to end，即从头走到尾。🎈though cut off from…：在以if, when, though, although, as, as if等连词引导的从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句谓语中含有be动词，可将主语和动词be省掉。🎈 hustle and bustle中hustle、bustle押尾韵（Rhyme）。它又这么曲折，你望着前面，好像已经堵塞了，可是走了过去，一转弯，依然是巷陌深深，而且更加幽静。那里常是寂寂的，寂寂的，不论什么时候，你向巷中踅去，都如宁静的黄昏，可以清晰地听到自己的足音。It is also so winding that it seems to be a blind alley when you look far ahead, but if you keep walking until you take a turning, you’ll find it again lying endless and still more quiet. There is nothing but stillness there. At any hour of day, you can even distinctly hear in the dusk-like quiet your own footsteps.🎈「好像已经堵塞了」意即「好像是条死胡同」，故译为it seems to be a blind alley。🎈quiet的比较级既可以用quieter 也可以 more quiet。最高级也有两种。这种双音节词还有narrow, gentle, clever等等。是三音节才一定要加more和most，比方说important。🎈「那里是寂寂的，寂寂的」语气强调，故相应译为 There is nothing but stillness there。 🎈At any hour of day中day是可变名词，指白天、白昼。不高不矮的围墙挡在两边，斑斑驳驳的苔痕，墙上挂着一串串苍翠欲滴的藤萝，简直像古朴的屏风。On either side of the lane stand enclosing walls of medium height, which, moss-covered and hung with clusters of fresh green wistaria, look almost like screens of primitive simplicity.🎈地点状语置于句首，且主语为名词时，句子完全倒装，将整个谓语动词或整个谓语部分放在主语前面。🎈moss-covered and hung with clusters of fresh green wistaria作伴随状语。其中，be hung with… 悬挂、挂着…墙里常是人家的竹园，修竹森森，天籁细细；春来时还常有几枝娇艳的桃花杏花，娉娉婷婷，从墙头殷勤地摇曳红袖，向行人招手。Inside the walls are residents’ gardens with dense groves of tall bamboos as well as soft sounds of nature. In spring, beautiful peach and apricot blossoms atop the walls, like graceful girls waving their red sleeves, will sway hospitably to beckon the pedestrians.🎈「修竹森森，天籁细细」中的「修」作「高」解，「森森」作「茂密」解，「天籁」作「自然界的音响」解。两句一并译为dense groves of tall bamboos as well as soft sounds of nature。🎈娉娉婷婷：形容女子美丽的姿态与姣好的身型。请仔细品味张培基先生对此句的精妙处理，进行适当记忆。走过几家墙门，都是紧紧关着，不见一个人影，因为那都是人家的后门。偶然躺着一只狗，但是决不会对你狺狺地狂吠。You’ll find the doors in the walls close shut without a soul in sight because they are back doors to some households. Occasionally, you may come upon a dog lying there, which, however, never gives a bark at you. Q：close和closely的区别？🎈find the doors close shut中close是副词。close指距离、场所、地点等的「接近、靠近」，是一种实际意义上的接近。例句We sat close together. closely则是指抽象意义上的靠近，多用于比喻意义，有「亲密地、严密地、仔细地」的意思。例句The secret must be closely guarded.这个秘密要严加保守。小巷的动人处就是它无比的悠闲。无论谁，只要你到巷里去踯躅一会，你的心情就会如巷尾不波的古井，The charm of the lane lies in its absolute serenity. No matter who you are, if you loiter around in the lane for a while, your mind will become as unruffled as the ancient well at the end of the lane. 🎈unruffled用词精准，ruffle一般指水面泛起涟漪，海水波浪起伏等。井水微动，必然也是圈圈涟漪。那是一种和平的静穆，而不是阴森和肃杀。它闹中取静，别有天地，仍是人间。There you will experience a kind of peaceful calmness rather than gloomy sternness. There reigns peace and quiet in the midst of noisy bustle. It is a world of its own on earth.🎈「阴森和肃杀」译为gloomy sternness，也是把原文两个并列形容词转化为英语「定语＋抽象名词」的形式。🎈闹中取静There reigns peace and quiet in the midst of noisy bustle复习《想北平》中：「动中有静」retain its stillness in the midst of motion.它可能是一条现代的乌衣巷，家家有自己的一本哀乐帐，一部兴衰史，可是重门叠户，讳莫如深，It may be a modern version of Wu Yi Xiang, a special residential area of nobility in the Jin Dynasty southeast of today’s Nanjing, where each family, secluded behind closed doors, has its own covered-up story of joys and sorrows, and rise and decline.🎈「乌衣巷」在今南京市东南，东晋时为望族居住的地方，现采取释义法把它译为Wu Yi Xiang, a special residential area of nobility in the Jin Dynasty southeast of today’s Nanjing。🎈重门叠户: 重重叠叠、一层加一层的门户。讳莫如深：原意为事件重大，讳而不言。后指把事情隐瞒得很紧。即家家户户藏在紧闭的大门之后。张培基先生将两个成语处理为secluded behind closed doors，造诣颇深。有的读者（比如我）甚至在读中文时都会云里雾里，不知道这两个词在说什么。夕阳影里，野花闲草，燕子低飞，寻觅归家。只是一片澄明如水的气氛，净化一切，笼罩一切，使人忘忧。When the sun is setting, swallows will fly low over wild flowers and grass on their way to their nests. The all-pervading and all-purifying atmosphere of water-like placidness makes one forget all cares and worries. 🎈这一句的译文太美好了。张老爷子的境界不是轻易能达到的，请多积累，多赏析，多背诵，不仅是英文，还有中文。如果不知道译文怎么处理的好，就和拿出自己的译文看看，看看自己是否理解了中文，是否译成英文时处理到位了，一对比，后者马上相形见绌。你是否觉得劳生草草，身心两乏？我劝你工余之暇，常到小巷里走走，那是最好的将息，会使你消除疲劳，紧张的心弦得到调整。Aren’t you weighed down with cares in this life of hard toil and exhausted physically and mentally? I would like to advise you often to take a walk in the lane in your off-duty hours. That is the best way to take a rest. It will dissipate your fatigue and relieve your nervous tension.🎈「你是否觉得劳生草草」中的「劳生」作「辛劳的生活」解；「草草」作「忧虑」解。现全句译为Aren’t you weighed down with cares in this life of hard toil…，其中动词短语to weigh down作「使苦恼」解。🎈would like后接动词不定式，表示意愿、喜爱，常用于有礼貌地提出邀请、请求或建议。你如果有时情绪烦燥，心情悒郁，我劝你到小巷里负手行吟一阵，你一定会豁然开朗，怡然自得，物我两忘。When you are fidgety or depressed, go to the lane and wander around reciting or composing poems with your hands crossed behind your back. You will then suddenly fall into a bright mood and enjoy inner peace, forgetting both yourself and the external world.🎈reciting or composing poems with your hands crossed behind your back作伴随状语。🎈物我两忘：忘掉自己、忘掉世界。现译为forgetting both yourself and the external world。你有爱人吗？我建议不要带了她去什么名园胜景，还是利用晨昏时节，到深巷中散散步。Don’t you have a sweetheart? Let me suggest that, instead of accompanying her on a visit to a famous park or scenic spot, you take her with you for a stroll in the lane at dawn or dusk.🎈在表示命令、建议或要求等动词后的宾语从句中要求用虚拟语气，谓语形式为（should）+ 动词原形。这类动词有：ask, advice, suggest, request, commend, decide, determine, insist, intend, prefer, propose, order, recommend, imagine等。 例句I suggested that you (should) try to understand him. （我曾建议你试着去理解他。）在那里，你们俩可以随便谈谈，心贴得更近，在街上那种贪婪的睨视，恶意的斜觑，巷里是没有的；Over there, you two can chat freely and with even deeper affection, free from greedy sidelong glances or malicious squints such as you often meet with in busy streets.🎈「心贴得更近」→感情更近一步，故译为with even deeper affection🎈such as引导定语从句，用作关系代词，用法上相当于that或which。 例句There was a look of fear in her eyes, such as people have when they are suddenly awakened. 她眼睛里有一种人们突然被唤醒时产生的恐惧情绪。偶然呀的一声，墙门口显现出一个人影，又往往是深居简出的姑娘，看见你们，会娇羞地返身回避了。Suddenly, at a creaking sound, there may appear a figure by a door—usually an unsophisticated young girl. She will, at the sight of you, withdraw coyly into the house. 🎈「身影」常译作figure。 例句《三体》（一）中：大楼顶上出现了一个娇小的身影……The slenderfigure of a beautiful young girl emerged at the top of the building,…🎈「深居简出」可译为secluded，现译为unsophisticated，是按「不懂世故」之意作灵活处理。 巷，是人海汹汹中的一道避风塘，给人家带来安全感；The lane is a safe haven for those struggling in the turbulent sea of humans to enjoy a sense of security. 🎈此处运用了「隐喻」的修辞手法。巧妙地使用隐喻，对表现手法的生动、简洁、加重等方面起重要作用，比明喻更加灵活、形象。Q: 避风塘为什么译作a safe heaven？为什么不译作sanctuary之类的？🎈haven本身即可指安全处所、庇护所、避难所英义A haven is a place where people or animals feel safe, secure, and happy有时也译作「安乐窝」「XX天堂」等。在此处，haven还与the sea of humans形成对照。是城市暄嚣扰攘中的一带洞天幽境，胜似皇家的阁道，便于平常百姓徘徊徜徉。It is a heavenly abode in the midst of confusion. Unlike the erstwhile plank-paved path used exclusively by the imperial family for their vehicles to move on smoothly, the lane is place for the common people to roam about leisurely. 🎈「洞天幽境」中的「洞天」本指天上群仙居住之处，现按「超凡的住所把全文译为heavenly abode。 🎈「阁道」指古代皇家楼阁之间以木架空的通道，现以释义法把它译为the erstwhile plank-paved path used exclusively by the imperial family for their vehicles to move smoothly。 🎈「徘徊倘佯」，即安闲自在地漫步，现译作roam about leisurely。爱逐臭争利，锱铢必较的，请到长街闹市去；爱轻嘴薄舌的，争是论非的，请到茶馆酒楼去；Those who strive after fame and gain, and haggle over every penny, please go to the downtown area! Those who are sharp-tongued and quarrelsome, please go to the teahouse or restaurant!🎈注意积累「逐臭争利」「锱铢必较」「轻嘴薄舌」「争论是非」的对应英文表达。🎈The Economist的China版块中有Chaguan（茶馆）专栏，名字寓意人们交流的地方。爱锣鼓钲镗，管弦嗷嘈的，请到歌台剧院去；爱宁静淡泊，沉思默想的，深深的小巷在欢迎你。Those who love deafening gongs and drums as well as noisy wind and string instruments, please go to the opera house or theatre! Those who are given to profound meditation and a quiet life without worldly desires, welcome to the lane! 🎈注意积累「锣鼓钲镗」「管弦嗷嘈」的对应英文表达。wind and string instruments指管弦乐器。🎈有……癖好；倾向于；喜欢 be given to🔥必背词汇tuck v.把…塞入，把…藏入英义If you tuck something somewhere, you put it there so that it is safe, comfortable, or neat.例句She found a rose tucked under the windscreen wiper of her car one morning.一天清晨，她发现自己汽车的挡风玻璃雨刷下插着一支玫瑰。boudoir cn.女人的卧室；闺房英义A boudoir is a woman’s bedroom or private sitting room. 例句Only Mimi’s intimates were admitted to her boudoir.只有米米的密友才被允许进入她的闺房。savour v.尽情享受，体验英义If you savour an experience, you enjoy it as much as you can. 例句She savored her newfound freedom…她尽情享受刚刚获得的自由。bumpy adj.道路崎岖不平的英义A bumpy road or path has a lot of bumps on it.例句bumpy cobbled streets铺了鹅卵石的凹凸不平的街道overgrown adj.杂草丛生的；植被蔓生的英义If a garden or other place is overgrown, it is covered with a lot of untidy plants because it has not been looked after.例句We hurried on until we reached a courtyard overgrown with weeds.我们匆匆往前走，来到一个野草丛生的院子。vendor cn.小贩，摊贩英义A vendor is someone who sells things such as newspapers, cigarettes, or food from a small stall or cart.例句ice-cream vendors卖冰激凌的小贩hawk v.叫卖，兜售英义If someone hawks goods, they sell them by walking through the streets or knocking at people’s houses, and asking people to buy them.例句vendors hawking trinkets沿街兜售小饰品的小贩shuffle v.拖着脚走英义If you shuffle somewhere, you walk there without lifting your feet properly off the ground. 例句Moira shuffled across the kitchen.莫伊拉拖着脚穿过厨房。dingy adj.(建筑或地方)昏暗的，破败的英义A dingy building or place is rather dark and depressing, and perhaps dirty.例句Shaw took me to his rather dingy office.肖带我去了他那个陈旧昏暗的办公室。dishevelled adj. (头发、衣服、仪容等)蓬乱的，不整洁的英义If you describe someone’s hair, clothes, or appearance as dishevelled, you mean that it is very untidy.（动词形式为dishevel）例句She arrived flushed and dishevelled.她到的时候满脸通红，衣衫不整。🔥重点表达一篇飘逸恬静的散文a piece of prose of gentle gracefulness一幅古雅冲淡的图画a painting of classic elegance and simplicity优娴贞静的风度gentle poise古朴的屏风screens of primitive simplicity就……而言 in terms of躲在僻静的深闺hidden away in a secluded boudoir抛头露面to make its appearance in public和……不同 has nothing in common with乡村的陋巷the mean rural alleyswith wild weeds两旁还排列着错落的粪缸are lined here and there with manure vats挤满了be packed with不时From time to time眼睛里网满红丝their eyes blood-shot隔绝了市廛的红尘be cut off from the hustle and bustle of busy cities不是乡村的风味does not taste of the countryside at all从这一端到另一端from end to end死胡同a blind alley不高不矮的围墙enclosing walls of medium height修竹森森，天籁细细dense groves of tall bamboos as well as soft sounds of nature不见一个人影without a soul in sight你的心情就会如巷尾不波的古井your mind will become as unruffled as the ancient well at the end of the lane闹中取静There reigns peace and quiet in the midst of noisy bustle别有天地，仍是人间It is a world of its own on earth.有自己的一本哀乐帐，一部兴衰史has its own covered-up story of joys and sorrows, and rise and decline夕阳影里，野花闲草，燕子低飞，寻觅归家。When the sun is setting, swallows will fly low over wild flowers and grass on their way to their nests。使苦恼to weigh down豁然开朗suddenly fall into a bright mood怡然自得enjoy inner peace物我两忘forget both yourself and the external world名园胜景a famous park or scenic spot晨昏时节at dawn or dusk人海汹汹中的一道避风塘a safe haven for those struggling in the turbulent sea of humans暄嚣扰攘中的一带洞天幽境a heavenly abode in the midst of confusion平常百姓the common people徘徊倘佯roam about leisurely逐臭争利strive after fame and gain锱铢必较haggle over every penny轻嘴薄舌sharp-tongued 争论是非quarrelsome锣鼓钲镗deafening gongs and drums管弦嗷嘈noisy wind and string instruments有……癖好；倾向于；喜欢be given to🔥复盘测试一篇飘逸恬静的散文一幅古雅冲淡的图画优娴贞静的风度古朴的屏风就……而言 躲在僻静的深闺抛头露面和……不同 乡村的陋巷两旁还排列着错落的粪缸挤满了不时眼睛里网满红丝隔绝了市廛的红尘不是乡村的风味从这一端到另一端死胡同不高不矮的围墙修竹森森，天籁细细不见一个人影你的心情就会如巷尾不波的古井闹中取静别有天地，仍是人间有自己的一本哀乐帐，一部兴衰史夕阳影里，野花闲草，燕子低飞，寻觅归家。使苦恼豁然开朗怡然自得物我两忘名园胜景晨昏时节人海汹汹中的一道避风塘暄嚣扰攘中的一带洞天幽境平常百姓徘徊倘佯逐臭争利锱铢必较轻嘴薄舌争论是非锣鼓钲镗管弦嗷嘈有……癖好；倾向于；喜欢🔥表达对比「追名逐利」有几种表达？爱「逐臭争利」，锱铢必较的，请到长街闹市去。Those who strive after fame and gain, and haggle over every penny, please go to the downtown area!这些人大多只为「追名逐利」，殊不知那打字机前的写作过程是如此漫长而孤独。In most cases these individuals are dreaming of wealth and fame, not long hours alone at the typewriter.我们年轻时开始「追名逐利」。It appears we have evolved to chase success and status in youth.但在现实世界中，在公共生活的舞台上，其他人都在自我展现、「追名逐利」。 But doing so in the real world – in the arena of public life where others are making their own case, pursuing their own interests.看起来跟我们的现实情况相符，但写的过于描述大家「追名逐利」，好像一切都是为了那个房子，除此外再没有什么生活的乐趣了。It looks like correspond to our real life, but the description of our egotrip is too heavy. We have other fun without house.
帕布莉卡
朗读这篇文章
爱是一颗心遇到另一颗心（出处+配图） 
