Time Is Life –Liang Shiqiu 🔥背景知识：梁实秋（1902-1987）是我国著名现代作家、翻译家、教育家，一生致力于英国文学研究。本文选自他的散文集《雅舍小品》。 最令人怵目惊心的一件事，是看着钟表上的秒针一下一下的移动，每移动一下就是表示我们的寿命已经缩短了一部分。It is most startling to hear a watch or clock clicking away the seconds, each click indicating the shortening of one’s life by a little bit.🎈most作副词，表示「最，极其」。后跟adv./adj.。形容词最高级在句中作表语而比较范围又不明确时,最高级前不用the.🎈秒针一下一下地移动/时间一秒一秒过去click away the seconds补充秒针 the second hand🎈「看着钟表上的秒针一下一下的移动」中的「看」译作了hear。根据真实生活场景，秒针动一下是有声音的，译成hear不算错，如译成「看」也可以。但是译成hear更具杀伤力，想象一下：在一个安静的的房间里，一个人屏住呼吸，耳旁满是秒针的滴答滴答……每滴答一下，就意味着自己的生命少了一秒……秒针移动的声音就像是对自己命运无情的宣判。再看看墙上挂着的可以一张张撕下的日历，每天撕下一张就是表示我们寿命又缩短了一天，因为时间即生命，没有人不爱惜他的生命，但很少人珍视他的时间。Likewise, with each page torn off the wall calendar, one’s life is shortened by another day. Time, therefore, is life. Nevertheless, few people treasure their time as much as their life.🎈 Likewise使逻辑更顺畅。🎈此处无实际意义的“我们”多译为one.补充据说，人们常说…… It’s said that…🎈another+数量词 表示「又」🎈as much as「像…那样多」例句People who live with this plant consider it a friend as much as a foe. 同这种植物生活在一起的人，把这种植物既当作朋友，也当作敌人。如果想在有生之年做一点什么事，学一点什么学问，充实自己，帮助别人，使生命成为有意义，不虚此生，那么就不可浪费光阴。Time must not be wasted if you want to do your bit in your remaining years or acquire some useful knowledge to improve yourself and help others, so that your life may turn out to be significant and fruitful.🎈此处 remaining词性为adj.补充分词具有动词及形容词二者特征,因此现在分词(-ing) 和过去分词(-ed)可以当形容词使用。看被修饰的名词与作定语的前置分词的关系——分词行为的发出者还是接受者，前者用 -ing，后者用 -ed。🎈充实自己→让自己变成实心的→提高自己，现译为to improve yourself这道理人人都懂，可是很少人真能积极不懈的善为利用他的时间。我自己就是浪费了很多时间的一个人。All that is foolproof, yet few people really strive to make the best use of their time. Personally, I am also a fritterer. 🎈「这道理人人都懂」译为All that is foolproof，其中foolproof作very simple to understand解，意同「不言而喻」或「简单明了」。此句也可译为All that is self-evident。🎈「积极不懈的」不必专门用副词译出，因为strive to表示「努力;奋斗;力争;力求」英义：If you strive to do something or strive for something, you make a great effort to do it or get it.🎈「我自己就是浪费了很多时间的一个人」译为personally, I am also a fritterer，其中fritterer一词在用法上既可泛指「时间、金钱等等的浪费者」，又可专指「不爱惜时间的人」（a person who wastes time）。我不打麻将，我不经常的听戏看电影，几年中难得一次，我不长时间看电视，通常只看半个小时，我也不串门子闲聊天。I don’t play mahjong. I seldom go to the theatre or cinema—I go there maybe only once every few years. I seldom spend long hours watching TV—usually I watch TV for no more than 30 minutes at a sitting. Nor do I go visiting and gossiping from door to door.🎈英语中表示频率：次数+every+时间单位。表示“每（多久）（几）次”🎈一口气，一下子 at a sitting。例句Few will expect to pick up a longish book on the topic by a non-economist and devour it almost at a sitting.可是很少人会考虑坐下来一口气通读一本由非经济学家写成的关于这个话题的长篇论著。🎈串门子闲聊天→串门聊八卦，现译为gossiping from door to door有人问我：“那么你大部分时间都做了些什么呢？”我痛自反省，我发现，除了职务上的必须及人情上所不能免的活动外，我的时间大部分都浪费了。Some people asked me, “Then what do you do with most of your time?” Introspecting with remorse, I found that apart from the time earmarked for my job and unavoidable social activities, most of my time had been wasted.🎈此处most为数量词，大多数，大部分。常用搭配为most of🎈痛自反省：痛心疾首自己往日的过错。→带着悔意反省，现译为Introspecting with remorse。🎈 …用作…(特定用途)… …be earmarked for 我应该集中精力，读我所未读过的书，我应该利用所有时间，写我所要写的东西。但是我没能这样做。I should have concentrated my energies on reading whatever books I have not yet read. I should have utilized all my time in writing anything I want to write. But I’ve failed to do so.🎈should have done或ought to have done意为「本应该……」，表示本应该做某事，而实际没有做，含有责备或遗憾的语气。其否定形式为should not have done或ought not to have done「本不应该做某事」，表示某种行为不该发生但发生了。🎈so此处是副词，表示「如此，这样(指已经提到的事)」。英义：You use so to refer back to something that has just been mentioned. 我的好多时间都糊里糊涂的混过去了，“少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。” Very much of my time has been frittered away aimlessly. As the saying goes, “One who does not work hard in youth will grieve in vain in old age.” 🎈very很，非常用于修饰形容词或副词，表示强调。much 程度副词(表示行动、感情或变化的强烈程度，通常和 so，too，very 一连用)很多，非常。比如：Thank you very much！🎈补充出As the saying goes，译文更顺畅自然。例如我翻译莎士比亚，本来计划于课余之暇每年翻译两部，二十年即可完成，但是我用了三十年，主要的原因是懒。Take the translation of Shakespeare for example. I had initially planned to spend 20 years of my spare time in doing the translation, finishing two plays a year. But I spent 30 years instead, due primarily to my slothfulness.🎈finishing two plays a year是同位语成分，对doing the translation进行补充说明。同位语（appositive）指的是当两个说明同一个事物的成分在句子中处于同等位置时，后者对前者进一步补充解释说明。同位语可由名词、形容词、数词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句等充当。翻译之所以完成，主要的是因为活得相当长久，十分惊险。翻译完成之后，虽然仍有工作计划，但体力渐衰，有力不从心之感。The whole project would probably have fallen through had it not been for my fairly long life. After that I had other plans for work, but, because of my approaching senility, somehow I failed to do what I had wished to.🎈「翻译之所以完成，主要的是因为活得相当长久，十分惊险」的意思是「幸亏自己命长，否则可能完成不了莎士比亚的翻译」。其中「十分惊险」的意思是「险些完成不了」。现全句译为The whole project would probably have fallen through had it not been for my fairly long life。其中，had it not been…是省略if的虚拟条件句的译法，表示「要不是」。fall through意为「失败，落空，没有完成」。🎈「但体力渐衰，有力不从心之感」译为because of my approaching senility, somehow I failed to do what I had wished to，其中senility指因年迈而导致身心两个方面的衰退． 假使年轻的时候鞭策自己，如今当有较好或较多的表现。然而悔之晚矣。Had I spurred myself on in my youth, I would have done more and better work. Alas, it is too late to repent. 🎈Had I spurred…是省略if的虚拟条件句的译法，表示「假如，假使」再例如，作为一个中国人，经书不可不读。我年过三十才知道读书自修的重要。Another example. The reading of Chinese classics is a must for all Chinese. But it was not until I was over 30 that I came to realize the importance of self-study in the matter of classics.🎈必不可少的事物；一定要做的事 a must🎈 「才知道读书自修的重要」中的「读书」，根据上下文应指「读经书」，故此句译为came to realize the importance of self-study in the matter of classics，其中in the matter of作in relation to或in regard to（就……而论）解。 我披阅，我圈点。但是恒心不足，时作时辍。I did read carefully though, marking words and phrases for special attention with small circles and dots. But my efforts at self-study were off and on.🎈though做连词时引导让步状从，不可与but连用,但此处though为副词，表示“不过，但是”。又，though和but并不在同一个完整的句子中，并不算连用。例句It might be worth your while to go to court. This is tricky, though, and you’ll need expert advice.对你来说这官司或许值得一打，不过这件事有点棘手，你需要专家的建议。五十以学易，可以无大过矣，我如今年过八十，还没有接触过《易经》，说来惭愧。Confucius says, “I shall be free of great faults if I can live long enough to begin the study of Yi at the age of 50.” I feel ashamed to admit that I haven’t even touched Yi though I’m now over 80. 🎈「五十心学易，可以无大过矣」出自《论语·述而》中的「子曰，加我数年，五十以学易，可以无大过矣」其意为「让我再多活几年，到五十岁时去学习《易经》，就可以没有多大的过错了」。现按此意用加字法译为Confucius says, “I shall be free of great faults if I can live long enough to begin the study of Yi at the age of 50.”史书也很重要。我出国留学的时候，我父亲买了一套同文石印的前四史，塞满了我的行箧的一半空间，Chinese history books are equally important. When I was leaving China to study abroad, father bought a set of the Tong Wen lithographic edition of the First Four Books of History, and crammed them into my travelling box, taking up half of its space.🎈「前四史」指《史记》、《汉书》、《后汉书》以及《三国志》。(The Historical Records, The Book of Han, The Book of Later Han and The Annals of the Three Kingdoms)🎈taking up half of its space是「前四史」的后置定语。补充英语句子中的定语分前置定语和后置定语。在很多情况下，这些后置定语与其所修饰的中心词之间却插入了谓语，状语，同位语，插入语或另一个定语等,使两者割裂开来。造成这种分隔的原因是多种多样的,但主要是为了使句子结构保持匀称平衡，避免头重脚轻，另一方面为了表达的主题思想更加突出醒目，读起来更加舒展流畅。我在外国混了几年之后又把前四史原封带回来了。直到四十年后才鼓起勇气读了《通鉴》一遍。Several years later, however, after drifting along abroad, I returned home carrying with me the same books all unread. It was not until 40 years later that I plucked up enough courage to read through Tong Jian.🎈《通鉴》即《资治通鉴》（the 294-volume chronic by Sima Guang）。 🎈It was not until 40 years later that…是not until的强调句式。🎈pluck①本身可作不可数名词，意为「勇气、胆量、决心 」②动词，意为「鼓起勇气」常用搭配pluck up courage to现在我要读的书太多，深感时间有限。无论做什么事，健康的身体是基本条件。So many books still remain to be read, and I much regret not having enough time to do it. Whatever you do, you need a sound body first of all.🎈much是副词，修饰regret，强调感情的强烈程度。🎈safe and sound 安然无恙，平平安安我在学校读书的时候，有所谓“强迫运动”，我踢破过几双球鞋，打断过几只球拍。因此侥幸维持下来最低限度的体力。In my school days, in response to the so-called “compulsory physical exercises”, I went in for many sports at the expense of many pairs of sneakers and rackets, thus luckily building up a minimum of good physique.🎈school day 上课日，教学日🎈爱好某活动go in for…🎈以……代价/成本 at the expense of…/at cost of…🎈如果两个句子的主语为同一主语 可用 thus / thereby +-ing (现在分词)引导短语，作结果状语，前面句子表示原因，后面的分词短语表示是结果。老来打过几年太极拳，目前则以散步活动筋骨而已。When I was approaching old age, I did tai ji quan (shadow boxing) for several years. Now I only do some walking exercises. 🎈老来When I was approaching old age。old age意为①老年，晚年（the period of years towards the end of your life）②衰老，迟暮（the quality or state of being old and near the end of one’s life）🎈「以散步活动筋骨而已」，省译「活动筋骨」。此处只是想表明活动从太极拳变成了散步。寄语年轻朋友，千万要持之以恒的从事运动，这不是嬉戏，不是浪费时间。健康的身体是作人做事的真正的本钱。Dear young friends, my advice to you is: Do physical exercises perseveringly. That has nothing to do with merry-making or time-wasting. Good health is the wherewithal for a successful life and career. 🎈「寄语年轻朋友」即有话对年轻朋友说，直接译成Dear young friends就好。🎈has nothing to do with与……无关，表示否定意义。🎈merry-making和time-wasting由make merry和waste time转变而来。🎈「健康的身体是作人做事的真正的本钱」译为Good health is the wherewithal for a successful life and career，其中the wherewithal意同the necessary means（必要的资金、手段等）。又，「作人做事」指「生活」与「事业」两方面，故参照上下文译为a successful life and career。 🔥必背词汇startling adj.令人吃惊的;惊人的;不寻常的英义Something that is startling is so different, unexpected, or remarkable that people react to it with surprise.例句Sometimes the results may be rather startling.有时结果可能会令人吃惊。cram v.把…塞进，使塞满英义If you cram things or people into a container or place, you put them into it, although there is hardly enough room for them.例句She crammed her mouth with caviar.她嘴里塞满了鱼子酱。foolproof adj. (计划、机器等)十分简单的，容易操作的，万无一失的英义Something such as a plan or a machine that is foolproof is so well designed, easy to understand, or easy to use that it cannot go wrong or be used wrongly.例句The system is not 100 per cent foolproof.这个系统并非是万无一失。fritter v.浪费，挥霍英义If someone fritters away time or money, they waste it on unimportant or unnecessary things.例句I seem to fritter my time away at coffee mornings.我似乎把时间全都浪费在咖啡早茶会上了。introspect v.内省；反省；自省英义to undertake a detailed mental examination of your own feelings, thoughts, and motives例句Take as much time as you need to introspect upon the areas above.对以上方面请花尽可能多的时间来思考和反省。remorse n.懊悔;自责;悔恨英义Remorse is a strong feeling of sadness and regret about something wrong that you have done.例句He was full of remorse.他充满了悔恨。earmark v.用作特定用途英义If resources such as money are earmarked for a particular purpose, they are reserved for that purpose.例句The education department has earmarked £6m for the new school教育部为这所新学校划拨了600万英镑的专款。wherewithal n.(某一特定用途的)必要设备，必要手段;尤指所需资金英义If you have the wherewithal for something, you have the means, especially the money, that you need for it.例句She didn’t have the financial wherewithal to do it.她没有做这件事所需的资金。slothfulness n.懒惰例句We soon fall away from our first fervor, and are even now tired with life, from slothfulness and tepidity.从前的热情，刹那间，变成乌有了，我们已经困乏、烦闷得连活也不想活了。senility n.衰老的状态英义the condition of being senile例句Then doctors diagnosed a hopeless senility or hardening of the arteries.随后医生诊断出她患有不可治愈的衰老症或是动脉硬化。🔥重点表达最令人怵目惊心的一件事是It is most startling to秒针 the second hand我们寿命又缩短了一天one’s life is shortened by another day如珍爱生命般珍爱时间treasure their time as much as their life在有生之年做一点什么事to do your bit in your remaining years充实自己improve yourself使生命成为有意义，不虚此生so that your life may turn out to be significant and fruitful这道理人人都懂All that is foolproof时间、金钱等等的浪费者a fritterer打麻将play mahjong听戏看电影go to the theatre or cinema几年中难得一次maybe only once every few years串门子闲聊天gossiping from door to door一口气，一下子 at a sitting痛自反省Introspecting with remorse职务上的必须时间the time earmarked for my job利用所有时间utilized all my time in我的好多时间都糊里糊涂的混过去了Very much of my time has been frittered away aimlessly少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 One who does not work hard in youth will grieve in vain in old age主要的原因是due primarily to失败，落空，没有完成fall through 要不是had it not been…力不从心failed to do what I had wished to必不可少的事物；一定要做的事 a must时不时地，断断续续地off and on说来惭愧feel ashamed to admit that孔子Confucius前四史the First Four Books of History在外国混drifting along abroad鼓起勇气pluck up courage to健康的身体a sound body上课日；教学日school day以……代价、成本at the expense of…/at cost of…爱好某活动go in for…太极拳tai ji quan (shadow boxing)散步do some walking exercises老来When I was approaching old age从事运动Do physical exercises是……的本钱is the wherewithal for与……无关has nothing to do with就……而论in the matter of作in relation to或in regard to 悔之晚矣it is too late to repent. 🔥复盘测试最令人怵目惊心的一件事是秒针我们寿命又缩短了一天如珍爱生命般珍爱时间在有生之年做一点什么事充实自己使生命成为有意义，不虚此生这道理人人都懂时间、金钱等等的浪费者打麻将听戏看电影几年中难得一次串门子闲聊天一口气，一下子痛自反省职务上的必须时间利用所有时间我的好多时间都糊里糊涂的混过去了少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。主要的原因是失败，落空，没有完成要不是力不从心必不可少的事物；一定要做的事时不时地，断断续续地说来惭愧孔子前四史在外国混鼓起勇气健康的身体上课日；教学日以……代价、成本爱好某活动太极拳老来从事运动是……的本钱与……无关就……而论悔之晚矣🔥表达对比「浪费时间，浪费光阴」有几种表达？我自己就是「浪费了很多时间的一个人」。All that is foolproof, yet few people really strive to make the best use of their time. Personally, I am also a fritterer. “你们要相信我的话，不要「瞎忙」吧！”我再向他们解释。 “You should believe me and stop messing around !” I explained again.拖延就是「浪费时间」。Procrastination is the thief of time.别「浪费时间」来争论这类不关紧要的细节了。Don’t waste time arguing about such minor details.我决不要「浪费光阴」徒延生命。I shall not waste my days trying to prolong them.
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爱是一颗心遇到另一颗心（出处+配图） 
