Beauty林青Lin Qing🔥提示：本文的主题是反映不同类型的人对美的不同理解，因此题目译成Beauty更贴切，且与全文的结尾遥相呼应。如按字面直译用Contest或Rivalry等词，则易误解为“选美”，反倒偏离了原意。一朵雪花的体态是轻盈的，宛如六枚小银针，千针万线，给S大学校园绣出了合身的水晶外套。Snowflakes are light, each having six tiny silver needles. Last night, they worked together to weave a well-fitted crystal outfit for the campus of S University.🎈这句原文本是一句话，但译时可分成两句。前一句是一般性的泛指，雪花都是如此形状；后一句则具体到S校园。这样既避免了时态上的混乱，又确切地表达了原意。同理，译下一句也采用了同样的处理方法。Last night为译者结合上下文增译的成分，单从考试保底的角度看，可有可无。又，“千针万线”未明确译出，以work together来突显雪花的数量之多，减少了翻译难度。🎈词义辨析：university一般是综合性大学，如Peking University。college一般是大学中各自独立的学院。campus一般是(大学的)分校；校园，校区。但是，正如童话世界也有缺陷一样，文史楼北墙畔一株年轻的龙柏，由于一夜风摧雪压，已经倾侧成30°斜角了。However, nothing is perfect, not even in a fairyland. The young dragon cypress at the north wall of the Humanities Building was bent over at a 30 degree angle after the night’s snowstorm.🎈Humanities指人文学科。人文学科（humanities）这一名称本身就是科学所界定的，是20世纪对那些被排拒在自然科学和社会科学之外的学科的简便总称。现代哲学是由科学形成时清除出来的东西界定的，其他现代人文学科则首先以古典语文学的形式出现，其后衍生出历史、现代语言甚至艺术史。🎈弯下（腰）be bent over巴金《木匠老陈》老陈常常弯着腰，拿了尺子和墨线盒在木板上面画什么东西。He was often bent over drawing something on a plank with a ruler and an ink marker.🎈暴风雨rainstorm暴风雪snowstorm远处走来几个身背照相机的年轻人。Several students came from a distance, each carrying a camera.🎈each carrying a camera是独立主格结构。其中那位穿黑呢大衣的姑娘真美，一双亮晶晶杏核儿大眼，似湖?似星?谁也说不清，只惹得路人不时朝她张望。Among them was a girl in a black wool overcoat. She was a real beauty, her almond-shaped eyes like pools of clear water or bright stars in the sky. It was hard to tell which they resembled more, but she herself was certainly eye-catching!🎈Among them was a girl in a black wool overcoat是倒装结构。这其实是“介词短语 + 主谓倒装”结构。使用这种结构有两种目的：1、强调介词短语2、为了与上一句的的衔接更加紧密。🎈英语中，有些倒装是出于语法上的需要，非用倒装语序不可，具有强制性；有些则是为了达到某种修辞效果，如强调、平衡、衔接等。🎈almond-shaped是合成形容词，具体类型为：“名词+名词+ed”，如honey-mouthed嘴甜的、甜言蜜语的。🎈“似湖?”是对一双眼睛的描述，译时注意单复数，译作pools of clear water。🎈she herself was…：反身代词herself在此处为强调用法，即用来加强某个名词或者代词的语气，可译成“亲自”、“本人”等。此时，它在句中作同位语，即使去掉，也不影响句子的完整性。同样的例句还有：You must do it yourself.和I myself did the homework last night.这群市大学生摄影协会会员准备捕捉大自然恩赐的美妙镜头，心情舒畅地说笑着，渐渐地走近这棵倾斜的龙柏。These members of the town’s College Photographers Society had come out to capture the beautiful scenery endowed by nature. Laughing and talking merrily, they were approaching the leaning cypress.🎈“协会会员”就是指“协会成员”，不是指升级的vip身份。🎈endowed by nature是scenery的后置定语；Laughing and talking merrily作伴随状语。“在文史楼前拍张雪景吧!”一个浑厚的男中音提议。“Let’s take a shot just in front of the Building!” a rich baritone voice suggested.🎈take a shot有“猜想”、“尝试”、“射击”、“一饮而尽”/“拍摄”多种含义。该句中take a shot表示“拍摄”，shot是名词，指“一张照片;(电影的)一组镜头”。a shot后也可增添of sth表示拍摄的对象。例如：a shot of a fox peering from the bushes（一只狐狸从灌木丛中窥视的照片）。“不，这棵龙柏被风雪压斜了，缺乏自然美。”姑娘那双纤手朝不远处一指。“喏，到生物系的小植物园去，那儿不仅有龙柏，还有雪松、扁柏呢”“No, this cypress is bent by the storm and lacks natural beauty,” the girl responded. Pointing to a place nearby, she proposed, “Why don’t we go to the small garden of Biology Department? It has not only cypresses there, but silver pines.”🎈本文中，beauty一词词义随具体语境而变化，比如上文的“She was a real beauty（美人）”，此处的“lacks natural beauty（美感、美好）”🎈“……姑娘那双纤手朝不远处一指”译作了the girl responded. Pointing to a place nearby, she proposed,…。前后两个“说”的动作（respond和propose）之所以不合并是因为二者之间存在时间上的先后关系，而point这个动作是发生在respond之后，伴随propose的，所以译文选择此种断句。又，propose不仅有“说”之意，还兼具“提议”的含义，用词准确。propose也可替换为continued、suggested或added，反正从之前和大家说过很多遍的“各种说”的word bank里选合适的词就好了。🎈XX系 … Department生物系Biology Department哲学系Philosophy Department她的声波在清冽的空间扩散，像清甜的冰糖渐渐融化。Her voice drifted in the crisp air like sweet, crystal sugar melting slowly.🎈“清冽的空间”译作the crisp air。crisp除去指“酥脆”、“清脆的”，还可表示“(天气)清新的，凉爽的，干燥的”。年轻人留下了一串无邪的笑声。So to the small garden they went, leaving their carefree laughter behind.🎈So to the small garden they went按so they went to the small garden理解即可，后面leaving their laughter behind的逻辑主语也是they。前半句和“so在句首句子倒装”无关，猜测是为实现句式多变，读起来不枯燥乏味。又一个竹骨梅肌的青年出现在文史楼前，衣服右下摆隐约可见斑驳的油画颜料污迹。Another slim young man appeared at the Building, his coat stained with paint somewhere down the right corner.🎈不用纠结“竹骨梅肌”这个词是什么意思了，度娘表示不知道，按译文理解即可。🎈“文史楼”译作the Building，省去了“文史”，这是因为这一表达在上文中已经出现过，后续出现时只译成the Building也能使读者明白其所指的建筑。他在欣赏雪景之余，猛然发现倾斜的龙柏，不满地轻声嘀咕:“搞环境保护的同志真马虎，昨晚下那么大的雪，竟没来校园巡视，他们对美的统一性的被破坏负有间接的责任!” In appreciation of the snow scene he suddenly caught sight of the bent cypress. He grumbled to himself, “The gardeners were indeed very negligent. They didn’t even come out to patrol the campus in such a heavy snow as last night’s. They should be held partially responsible for the ruin of the harmonious beauty of nature.”🎈看见 see/get or catch sight of…/…come into sight🎈patrol the campus ：patrol（巡逻、巡视）+场所萧乾-从《老黑奴》说起上海马路还有红头阿三在巡逻。And turbaned Indian policemen were patrolling the streets of Shanghai.🎈（应）对……负责be held responsible for例句It seems no one may ever be held responsible for her death.似乎没有人会对她的死负责。🎈 in such a heavy snow as last night’s这类结构既可表现为“名词+such as+例子”,也可表现为“such+名词+as+例子”。（若后接动词,通常用动名词,有时也可用动词原形。如Don’t do anything silly such as marry him.不要做什么蠢事,比如说去嫁给他。）这位美术爱好者凝视片刻，灵感的火花映亮心窗，The amateur artist was staring at the bent cypress when inspiration flashed into his mind. 🎈when的用法：如果when从句的谓语动词表示瞬时发生的事件，而when前面的主句则是表示一个延续的过程或状态或是表示一个已经发生了某事之后留下的状态，要注意，此时新知信息（也就是全句意义的核心）往往不在主句而在从句，主句反而是个时间框架，起衬托作用。中文译文应该把主句降格译成“正当…之时”的时间状语从句，英文从句在中文要升格译成主句。【例如】I was reading a newspaper when my brother came in. 我正在看报纸的时候，我弟弟走进来了（不能译成：当我弟弟走进来时，我正在看报纸）。同理，此句核心意在灵感的火花映亮心窗，而非“凝视……”。🎈“灵感的火花映亮心窗”简化→心中涌现灵感/灵感乍现，译作inspiration flashed into his mind。他立刻打开速写本，捏着炭精棒，勾勒这棵龙柏的体态轮廓，准备回宿舍精心画一幅漫画，连画名也想好了，就叫做：《一株龙柏的控诉》。He quickly opened his sketch book and drew an outline of the cypress with his charcoal pen. He planned to develop the sketch into a cartoon, when he got back to the dormitory. He had even figured out a title for it, “A Cypress Complains.”🎈原文是一系列动作的顺承，句子略长，可选择在适当位置断句。“他立刻……体态轮廓”是对当时“他”实际动作的描述，“准备回宿舍……《一株龙柏的控诉》”是对“他”想法的描述，在两者中间断句较为合适。又，读者或译者对“准备回宿舍画一幅漫画”可以有不同的理解，一种就是参考译文中说的“回宿舍//准备画一幅漫画”，另一种则是“准备plan//回宿舍to画一幅漫画”，理解因人而异。他离去时遗憾地摇头叹息，眼波里颤动着一丝失望的情绪。He left with a sigh of sympathy for the bent tree and a flicker of disappointment in his eyes.🎈a flicker of兼具“颤动”、“一丝”之意，值得学习。如嫌参考译文结构尾略重，后半句也可考虑使用独立主格结构。微弱的阳光下，急匆匆地走来一个肩挎旧书包的青年工人,他是来旁听中文系选修课的。In the dim sunlight, a young worker, with a worn bag on his shoulder, was hurrying to the Chinese Department to audit a selective course.🎈旁听选修课audit a selective course必修课compulsory course突然，一阵风吹拂龙柏树，扬起无数雪沫，洒在他头上、身上。All of a sudden a gust of wind blew over the bent cypress, shaking the overlaying snowflakes down onto the young man’s head and shoulders.🎈a gust of wind 一阵狂风，阵风。其中，gust或wind前可增添形容词，进一步说明风的特征。如 “一阵冷风a gust of cold wind”。All of a sudden a gust of wind…也可写作A sudden gust of wind…”，但后者看上去似只强调风的“突然”，在情节“突如其来”上带动读者情绪的效果较差，不如All of a sudden…。青年工人仰脸看看那株龙柏，脚步放慢了，他一看手表立刻加快步伐走去。He looked up and noticed the tree. Then he slowed his steps, took a glance at his watch and hurried away.🎈此处连词可微调，译作Then he looked up and noticed the tree, slowing his steps. But he hurried away after a glance at his watch.在这个基础上，大家还可以对then接着变换位置。以及“脚步放慢了”到底是 “仰头看”的动作导致的，还是“看到歪斜的龙柏之后有所思”导致的，大家可以有不同理解。一会，他带来一把铁锹、一截旧茅竹、橡皮带，手脚麻利地不停地劳作，那株倾斜的龙柏终于挺直了脊梁，牢牢地屹立在校园。In a short while, he came back with a spade, an old bamboo stick and a piece of rubber band. He worked with his deft hands on the bent cypress until it was straight again. 🎈“带来”按“带回来”译作came back with，注意back这个细节。上课铃声响了。他疾步如飞地向教室奔去！The bell for class was ringing and he dashed to the classroom.🎈翻译有很大的灵活性。有时会一路直译到底，有时则不然。说白了，翻译有点类似与在原文理解的基础上进行再创作。这两个小句按“听到上课铃响，他疾步如飞地向教室奔去”进行翻译也是可以的。静谧。Silence reigned. 🎈把reign这个单词和脑子锁牢！！！郁达夫《故都的秋》……西北风就要起来了………the north-westerly wind will begin to reign supreme…季羡林《文学批评无用论》各安其业，天下太平for each to have a role of his own to play and for peace to reign under heaven吴冠中《蟋蟀》夜晚屋里特别寂静That night a complete silence reigned in our house.柯灵《巷》闹中取静There reigns peace and quiet in the midst of noisy bustle冰心《从重庆到箱根》万籁俱静silence reigned everywhere点点不同的浅蓝色脚印留在雪地里，组合成一行行无人辨识的文字，蕴藏着精致微妙的内涵。Faint bluish footprints, of all shapes and sizes, formed in the snow lines of illegible words with subtle implications.🎈浅蓝色脚印bluish footprints：后缀-ish (加在形容词之后构成形容词)表示“稍带…的”，“有点儿…的”，“近乎……的”。比如：childish孩子气的、reddish略呈红色的、thirtyish三十左右的。🎈“不同的”译作of all shapes and sizes。按照生活常识，人们有不同的鞋码和不同的鞋底形状以及纹路，所以能在雪地里踩出不同的脚印。那株龙柏静静注视着面前的雪地,仿佛苦心思索关于美的神秘的定义。That cypress was quietly gazing at the snow, as if meditating on the mystery of beauty.🎈as if meditating on the mystery of beauty：as if+ doing…是“as if + 与主句一致的主语+一般时（现在或过去）或进行时”的省略。🎈 “美的神秘的定义”切去“定义”，译作the mystery of beauty。有点类似于“我们今天来聊聊XX这个东西”切去“这个东西”，保留主要意义即可。🔥必背词汇snowflake cn. 雪花英义A snowflake is one of the soft, white bits of frozen water that fall as snow.例句Snowflakes are loose aggregates of ice crystals.雪花是冰晶的松散凝结。outfit cn.全套服装英义An outfit is a set of clothes.例句She was wearing an outfit she’d bought the previous day.她穿着前一天买的那套衣服。fairyland n.仙境，美妙之地英义If you describe a place as a fairyland, you mean that it has a delicate beauty.例句If you came with me to one of my toy shops, you’d think you were stepping into a fairyland.如果你跟我到我的一个玩具店，你会以为踏进了仙境。cypress cn.柏树英义A cypress is a type of conifer.例句The towering pine and cypress trees defy frost and snow.松柏参天傲霜雪。🔥重点表达六枚小银针six tiny silver needles合身的水晶外套a well-fitted crystal outfit童话世界也有缺陷nothing is perfect, not even in a fairyland弯下（腰）be bent over暴风雪snowstorm从远处from a distance穿黑呢大衣的姑娘a girl in a black wool overcoat捕捉大自然恩赐的美妙镜头capture the beautiful scenery endowed by nature拍摄take a shot生物系Biology Department无邪的笑声carefree laughter看见 see/get or catch sight of…/…come into sight（应）对……负责be held responsible for灵感的火花映亮心窗inspiration flashed into his mind速写本sketch book勾勒……的体态轮廓drew an outline of旁听选修课audit a selective course🔥复盘测试六枚小银针合身的水晶外套童话世界也有缺陷弯下（腰）暴风雪从远处穿黑呢大衣的姑娘捕捉大自然恩赐的美妙镜头拍摄生物系无邪的笑声看见（应）对……负责灵感的火花映亮心窗速写本勾勒……的体态轮廓旁听选修课🔥表达对比「一丝」有几种表达？He left with a sigh of sympathy for the bent tree and a flicker of disappointment in his eyes.他离去时遗憾地摇头叹息，眼波里颤动着（一丝）失望的情绪。This gave me a flash of hope.这给了我（一丝）希望。…not holding on to any bits of membership.不保留（一丝）成员身份。But, as they say, every cloud has a silver lining.俗话说，黑暗中总有（一丝光明）。The latest ceasefire has provided little solace.最近的停火给她带来了（一丝）安慰。There was a hint of anger in his voice.他的声音中流露出（一丝）恼怒。It seemed to me that she had not a trace of the gift herself.在我看来，她（一点儿）也没有继承那份天赋。
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爱是一颗心遇到另一颗心（出处+配图） 
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