From Chongqing to Hakone冰心Bing Xin🔥背景知识：冰心（1900年10月5日－1999年2月28日），女，原名谢婉莹，福建省长乐市（今福州市长乐区）人 ，中国民主促进会（民进）成员。中国诗人，现代作家、翻译家、儿童文学作家、社会活动家、散文家。笔名冰心取自“一片冰心在玉壶」。本文是她1946年10月22日写于日本东京的一篇散文。当时抗日战争已经结束，日本先此约一年宣布无条件投降。从羽田机场进入东京已经是夜里。It was already dark when I arrived in Tokyo from Heneda Airport. 🎈「已经是夜里」按「天色已晚、天色已暗」之意，灵活译作dark。呈现在街灯下的街道一片冷落，看不见人影，The city looked desolate under the street lamps. Not a soul in sight. 🎈「冷落」此处应理解为：冷清、没什么人，译作desolate荒凉的，无人的（地方）。🎈「看不见人影」译作Not a soul in sight，not a soul英语固定表达指一个人也没有，in sight指「在视野范围内」「可以看见的」关于soul的表达全心全意地 heart and soul不见一个人影without/not a soul in sight孤独的人a lonely soul 乐天派a jolly soul 比起人声嘈杂、车辆拥挤的上海完全成了两样。It was entirely different from Shanghai, which was noisy and choked with vehicles.🎈「人声嘈杂、车辆拥挤」是上海的修饰成分，根据长度，将其后置，处理为非限制性定语从句，保持句子结构平衡。又，「车辆拥堵」译作choked with vehicles，choked指「被卡住，塞满、挤满」我想这才是真正的夜。白天决不是这样寂静。However, I presumed the city would never be so still in the daytime.🎈presumed表示「假定、猜想」，补充一个英汉翻译小技巧：如果英文中出现某人suggest、presume、consider等词，多半可按think（认为）之意进行翻译。🎈因为在「我」看来，「白天决不是这样寂静」，所以这一定是夜，故省译「这才是真正的夜」，译出也可。🎈夜的寂静用的是still，这个词可指（地方）寂静的，（空气或水）静止的，不流动的；（人）不动的，静止的，选词的新颖也值得学习。我到东京的第三天，友人带着去了箱根。On the third day after my arrival, a friend of mine showed me around Hakone.🎈arrive是动词，arrival是名词，表示「到达、到访」等意。🎈to show around是短语动词，作「带领某人参观某地」解。从东京到横滨的途中，印象最深的是无边的瓦砾、衣衫褴褛的妇女、形容枯槁的人群。但是道路很平坦光洁。On the way from Tokyo to Yokohama, what struck me most were the endless sights of debris, shabbily-dressed women and haggard crowds. But the roads were level and clean.🎈struck的原形是strike。🎈「是无边的瓦砾、衣衫褴褛的妇女、形容枯槁的人群」译作were the endless sights of debris, shabbily-dressed women and haggard crowds，其中sights是增译成分，原文虽无其词而有其意，同时，sights又很自然地将三个意象连接了起来，有点类似于举例时用的such+ n+ as A, B, C结构。快到箱根，森林渐渐深起来，红叶映着夕阳，弯曲的道路，更增添了一层秀媚。The nearer we got to Hakone, the more luxuriant the forests. The red autumn leaves in the evening glow plus the zigzag paths added greatly to the enchanting beauty of the landscape. 🎈The nearer we got to Hakone, the more luxuriant the forests.是the more…the more…结构。🎈「森林渐渐深起来」中「深」字其实就是「茂密」之意（树木越茂盛，显色才越深），故译作luxuriant（植被繁茂）。🎈结构划分：The red autumn leaves in the evening glow plus the zigzag paths// added greatly to the enchanting beauty of the landscape.其中，add to…是固定表达，指「增加、增添…」在山路大转弯的地方，富士山头顶雪冠、裹着紫云、真有一种难以形容的美。Around a corner of the mountain path, we suddenly came in sight of the indescribable beauty of snow-capped Mount Fuji wrapped in purplish clouds.🎈结合上句，无论中英文都给我们勾勒出了一幅幅美丽画卷，尤其一些抽象概念的表达，值得学习，例如「映着…（glow)」「秀媚（the enchanting beauty of the landscape）」，「头顶雪冠（snow-capped）」「裹着紫云（rapped in purplish clouds）」等。比起欧美的一流旅馆，箱根的旅馆也不算差。Hotels of Hakone compare well with first-class hotels of Western countries.🎈compare well with表示「与……相比不算差、比得上」🎈本句中第二个hotels也可用ones指代。从窗口望去，到处溢满东洋风味。Our window opened on a scene rich in Oriental flavor. 🎈rich in Oriental flavor作scene的后置定语，be rich in表示「满溢、富有」等意。🎈欣赏本句对主语的选择。此句重点就是窗外的景色，译文选用window作主语，将「从窗口望去」转化为「窗外是……景色」，值得借鉴学习。山岭、房檐、石塔 、小桥等等，使人感到幽雅、舒适。Mountain ridges, eaves, stone pagodas, small bridges, etc. all were so quiet, elegant and pleasing.🎈在描写沿途环境时用了「幽雅」一词，译作quiet, elegant，「舒适」译作pleasing（让人身心愉悦的）那一夜我怎么也不能入睡，各种各样的想法千头万绪，自己也说不清楚为什么有这样的感情。That night I just couldn’t fall asleep. I didn’t know why I had so many thoughts surging in my mind.🎈「自己也说不清楚为什么有这样的感情」这一句略译，意思已经充分体现在前边两句译文中。🎈「千头万绪」译作many thoughts surging in my mind，surging指（情感）的涌动或（水、风等）奔涌。第二天，天还没亮就起来，卷起窗帘，完全裹住了山峦的浓雾中隐约地露出青松的绿色。The next day I got out of bed before daybreak. As I lifted the window curtain, green pines were dimly visible through a thick mist enveloping the mountains. 🎈天还没亮before daybreak复习「天还没亮就起床」的表达，我们之前见过很多次。朱德《母亲的回忆》天还没亮，母亲就第一个起床…Mother would be the first to get up before daybreak.季羡林《黎明前的北京》多少年来，我养成了一个习惯：每天早晨四点在黎明以前起床工作。For many years, I have been in the habit of getting up before daybreak to start work at four.🎈「完全裹住了山峦的浓雾中隐约地露出青松的绿色」可理解为「透过浓雾包裹的山峦，青松隐约可见」，即green pines were dimly visible through a thick mist enveloping the mountains，翻译实践中为了便于组织语言或找到最适合译入语的表达习惯常常需要做出这样的句式转换。“啊!我的歌乐山!”突然间多么想这样叫一声——重庆的奇峰歌乐山是我的。Suddenly I was on the verge of exclaiming, “Ah, my Gele Mountain, the fantastic Gele Mountain of Chongqing!”🎈濒于，接近于，行将 on the verge of (doing) sth例句He was on the verge of tears.他差点儿哭了出来。🎈「奇峰」译the fantastic…, 词汇如extraordinary，amazing，wonder等在翻译写景抽象表达时都很常用，注意积累。我必须在这里介绍那令人留恋的歌乐山。Now I feel obliged to say a few words about the unforgettable Gele Mountain.🎈感到必须/非得/有必要…feel obliged to例句As for formal meetings, while men have abandoned the tie, many women feel obliged to wear high heels.至于正式的会议，虽然男性已经不再打领带了，但许多女性觉得有必要穿高跟鞋。🎈「令人留恋」按「令人难忘」之意译作unforgettable。有时文学性比较强的中文词汇，英文可用比较常见的词准确表达。歌乐山比起箱根来要小得多，红叶也没有这样多。It is much smaller than Hakone with not so many red autumn leaves. 🎈much可修饰比较级，意为「…得多」🎈is much smaller than Hakone 是表语；with复合结构with not so many red autumn leaves作伴随状语，对主语状态进一步补充说明。歌乐山被茂密的松林包裹着，一到春天，鲜红的杜鹃漫山盛开。Its slopes are covered with dense pine forests. Red azaleas are in full bloom all over the place in spring.🎈这里再次出现了两个非常常见的景物描写的表达be covered with…（被…覆盖或包裹着），in full bloom all over the place（漫山盛开），注意积累。春夜里可以听到杜鹃那令人伤感的鸣叫，山上杜鹃花的红色据说就是杜鹃吐的血染的。And cuckoos are heard crying plaintively on spring evenings. It is said that azaleas on the mountain have been dyed red with the blood spit up by cuckoos.🎈「杜鹃花的红色」这个名词短语在英译时选用dyed作谓语动词，而「吐」这个动词则处理成了非谓语的分词形式spit by…，这样处理之后原句式「山上杜鹃花的红色据说就是杜鹃吐的血染的」实际已转换成「据说，…被染成了…」轰炸的日子，常常是晴空万里。Bombing raids usually happened in fair weather.🎈「晴空万里」译作fair weather, fair指晴天阳光明媚的The weather is fair.天气很晴朗。惊慌的尖叫的警报声中，带着食粮、饮水、蜡烛、毛毯、抱着孩子跑进阴冷的防空洞。At the hideous, penetrating sound of the air-raidsiren, people would dash for dear life into dark and cold air-raid dugouts, carrying food, drinking water, candles, blankets and their kids.🎈原文中的「警报」英译时具体为空袭警报（air-raid siren)，便于读者理解。🎈dash for dear life（逃命）是译者根据原文的增译，在空袭来临之时人们逃亡的场景隐含了这层意思。🎈「带着…，抱着…」英译共用了一个谓语动词carry，请注意这类用法。又，carrying food, drinking water, candles, blankets and their kids作伴随状语。这里面，吓得发抖的妇人和孩子们，脸色变得发青。Fear was written large on the ashen faces of trembling women and children.🎈这句主语及谓语动词的转换，首先应抓住这里主要是通过对妇人及小孩的反应来强调战争带给人们的恐惧感，英文的主语用Fear。中文的谓语动词「吓得」「变得」都转换成了was written，这种谓语动词及句式的转换在翻译实践中要重点掌握。🎈written可用于描写脸上神情。何为《第二次考试》虽然她掩饰不住自己脸上的困倦，…Weariness was written all over her face.🎈个人建议：将此处large改为largely，语法上更正确。🎈「脸色变得发青」译作ashen，专指「尤指因为生病、震惊或受到惊吓脸色苍白的，面如死灰的」，更为恰当。我们没有声音，对着头上飞过的成群的飞机和轰轰的爆炸声、还有那猛烈摇动的狂风长长地叹息，While Japanese aircraft were sweeping past overhead amidst terrible bomb blasts and a violent gust of wind, we could do nothing but sigh a deep sigh.🎈此句译文将「对着头上飞过的成群的飞机和轰轰的爆炸声、还有那猛烈摇动的狂风」处理为时间状从，主句的主干就是「我们没有发声，唯有长叹」🎈长长地叹息 sigh a deep sigh做梦dream a dream死亡die…death 自然死亡die a/his/… natural death然后好不容易爬上山顶，望着被滚滚白烟笼罩着的重庆，惦念着自己的亲人是否安全。Then we somehow managed to climb up to the mountaintop where we stood watching the city of Chongqing shrouded in billowing gray smoke and worrying about the safety of our dear ones.🎈「好不容易…」译managed to，也可译strive to。🎈（黑暗、烟雾等）笼罩译shrouded in。🎈「惦念着」根据语境应译为worry about，而不是miss，充分理解作者表达意图及深层意思很重要。🎈「亲人」译作 dear ones，泛指自己在乎及牵挂的人包括家人、亲戚及朋友等。夜间轰炸一定是美丽的星月夜。Bombing raids usually took place on a beautiful starry night. 🎈「夜间轰炸一定是美丽的星月夜」，如果按字面意，则是：夜间轰炸 是 夜。这样是完全行不通的，应理解为：空袭一般都是发生在美丽星空的夜里，所以英译谓语动词用took place。在夜里我们不进入洞中。让孩子们睡下之后，抱在膝上，等待在狭窄的洞口。So we chose to stay outside the air-aid shelter. We sat at the narrow entrance of the tunnel holding our sleeping babies in our laps.🎈句中第一个「洞」译为air-aid shelter（防空掩体），第二个「洞」译为tunnel，请注意用词的灵活性。往下看萤火虫一样的光亮渐渐消失，很快街道被黑色完全包围，万籁俱静，只有远处传来的微弱的犬吠声。Then, when the distant fires, flickering like fireflies, gradually died out, the streets became pitch dark and silence reigned everywhere except for the faint barking of far-off dogs.🎈「（光亮）渐渐消失」译died out，亦可用来表示（风等）逐渐停息或者（物种或文化现象）逐渐灭绝或消失。🎈pitch是增译，表示「非常」黑，此处形容街道被深深的黑笼罩增强了气氛的描述。巴金《梦》我在漆黑的空间中找寻你的影子。I began to search for you in the pitch darkness.其中，A in pitch darkness/be pitch dark，惯用搭配，指「一片漆黑」。以及pitch-black是形容词，表示「漆黑的、乌黑的」。理解可结合「沥青」之色。🎈「万籁俱静」译作silence reigned everywhere，请注意积累此类常用词汇。嘉陵江犹如银白色的绢带。The Jialing River looked like a silvery white ribbon.🎈「犹如」译作looked like，在修辞上保留「明喻」的手法。淡淡的月光中看不见机影，只有爆炸声渐渐地传来，突然有几条按照灯光在天空中一扫而过。Aircraft were hardly visible in the pale moonlight. Only distant explosions were heard now and then. Suddenly several searchlights swept across the dark sky.🎈「淡淡的月光」译pale moonlight， 请注意pale的用法。🎈「看不见」译hardly visible，较can’t see正式，正式文体多用此词。🎈Distant是根据上下文的增译，「灯光」此处应译为searchlights（探照灯），而不是lights。“打中了!”“打中了!”九架、六架、三架，白蛾一样的飞机摇晃着冲向重庆，紧接着是震撼大地的爆炸声，火光冲上了天空。“We got them! We got them!” Nine, six, three Japanese aircraft tottered like white moths and plunged headlong into the city, and then followed the earth-shaking explosions and leaping flames.🎈「打中了！」译为 We got them!，是比较口语的表达符合语境，相当于We hit them.🎈「飞机」译为Japanese aircraft（日本战机），增译Japanese便于读者理解。🎈「震撼大地」译earth-shaking，「火光冲上了天空」是英译后的伴随附加成分，所以转译为名词性短语leaping flames。就这样流走了五年的日日夜夜。歌乐山的五年，是在“好天良夜”中度过的。Days and nights went on like this for five years. I spent five years in the Gele Mountain witnessing every bombing holocaust.🎈英文中的…go on like this常用来表达「日复一日、（时间）流逝」等，正是「流走的日日夜夜」的意思。🎈「好天良夜」是原作者为了突出战争带来的灾难及对美好生活毁坏的反语，译文正译为：bombing holocaust（轰炸浩劫），根据作者意图及上下文可转换思维及切入点，正译或反译，不必拘泥原句。🎈Witnessing常用来连接伴随性的次要成分，尤其是中文连续出现好几个动作行为，一个为主其它为伴随，此处是一例。可怕的、令人诅咒的战争。It was a horrible and abominable war.🎈abominable表示「令人憎恶、令人发指的」，可很好地对应原文「令人诅咒」所表达的感情色彩。战争结束我们懂得了怨。At the end of the war, we understood what was to blame.🎈「懂得了怨」实则为「懂得了怨恨该怨恨的事」，现译作we understood what was to blame引导宾语从句，其中，be to blame (for sth)表示对（坏事）负有责任、应被指责。例句Which driver was to blame for the accident?哪个司机是此次事故的肇事者？而且我们虽然体验了激烈的战争，也懂得了同情和爱。In spite of the ravages of war we had gone through, we felt sympathy and love for the common people.🎈「体验」此处应理解为「遭受，经受」，译作go through，不是单纯的experience，翻译实践中应注意感情色彩及表达目的从而准确地选词。🎈for the common people是增译，原文虽无其词而有其意，同时也避免了译文戛然而止的违和感。因此，我在歌乐山最后的两年中，听到东京遭受轰炸的时候，感到有种说不出来的痛苦之情。During the last two years of my stay in the Gele Mountain, it gave me a feeling of unutterable pain to learn of the bombing raids on Tokyo. 🎈「听到」这里应理解为「得知…的消息」，所以译作learn（得知某事），不是hear。🎈「说不出来的痛」译unutterable pain，unutterable（尤指不好的事情）无以名状的，难以形容的，莫名的。我想像得出无数东京的年轻女性担心着丈夫和亲人，背着柔弱的孩子在警报声中挤进防空壕那悲惨的样子。I visualized the tragic picture of countless Tokyo young women trying desperately at the air alarm to squeeze into air-raid shelters with little babies on their backs and meanwhile worrying about husbands and relatives.🎈countless Tokyo young women trying desperately at the air alarm to squeeze into air-raid shelters with little babies on their backs and meanwhile worrying about husbands and relatives是介词of的宾语；trying desperately 和meanwhile worrying about的逻辑主语是young women。看见了东京我想起了重庆，走在箱根感到是走在歌乐山。Now Tokyo reminds me of Chongqing. Here in Hakone, I feel as if I were in the Gele Mountain. 🎈使某人想起…remind sb of sth痛苦给了我们贵重的教训。We have learned a valuable lesson from sufferings. 🎈「痛苦」这里应理解为「所遭受的那些（战争的）苦难」，译为sufferings，而不是pain。最大的繁荣的安乐不能在侵略中得到，No prosperity or happiness will come of acts of aggression. 🎈A comes of B意同A comes from B，表示A是B的结果。例句I made a few enquiries, but nothing came of it in the end.我做过一些查询，但到头来却毫无结果。只有同情和互助的爱情才能有共存共荣。Without mutual sympathy and love, there would be no co-existence and co-prosperity at all.🎈译文正话反说，按「没有……就不能……」之意译出。🎈「共存共荣」译co-existence and co-prosperity 。前缀co- (用于构成动词或名词)表示「和…一起」「共同」「联合」今后永远再也不要使歌乐山和箱根成为疏散地，要让热爱山水的人们常常登上山顶享受美丽的风光，不能再从自然的美中挤进黑暗的防空壕。Never again will the Gele Mountain or Hakone be a place for sheltering evacuees. They should be a place for sightseers to feast their eyes on the beautiful scenery at the mountaintop. Never again will gloomy air-raid dugouts tarnish a place of natural beauty.🎈原文的一句话拆分翻译成两个句子，即「再也不要…，不能再…」对应Never again will….和Never again will…，从句式上加强语气「再也不要战争」，而且本句是文末升华主题。🎈Feast原意是「盛宴，大餐」，a feast of亦可指「大量（赏心悦目的事情）」。Feast someone’s eyes on sth.英文固定搭配，指「欣赏某赏心悦目的事物（如风景等）」。所以，「享受美丽的风光」译feast their eyes on the beautiful scenery。🎈Never again will gloomy air-raid dugouts tarnish…是倒装结构：（否定词及含有否定意义的副词或词组）位于句首，句子要部分倒装。🔥必背词汇tarnish v.玷污，败坏，损害(名誉或形象)英义If you say that something tarnishes someone’s reputation or image, you mean that it causes people to have a worse opinion of them than they would otherwise have had.例句The affair could tarnish the reputation of the prime minister.这一事件可能有损首相的名誉。aggression n.侵略，侵犯英义Aggression is violent and attacking behaviour.例句The raid was an unjustifiable act of aggression.那次偷袭是一种不正当的侵略行径。raid n.突然袭击英义a short surprise attack on an enemy by soldiers, ships or aircraft 例句They carried out a bombing raid on enemy bases.他们突然出击，轰炸了敌军的基地。abominable adj.可恶的，恶劣的，极糟的英义Something that is abominable is very unpleasant or bad.例句The President described the killings as an abominable crime.总统称这些血案为令人发指的罪行。holocaust n.尤指战争引起的大屠杀，大毁灭，浩劫英义A holocaust is an event in which there is a lot of destruction and many people are killed, especially one caused by war.例句A nuclear holocaust seemed a very real possibility in the ’50s.核灾难在20世纪50年代似乎真的非常可能发生。headlong adv.头朝下地英义If you fall or move headlong, you fall or move with your head furthest forward.例句She missed her footing and fell headlong down the stairs.她一脚踩空，头朝下摔下了楼梯。🔥重点表达看不见人影Not a soul in sight车辆拥堵choked with vehicles寂静still衣衫褴褛shabbily-dressed形容枯槁haggard映着… glow秀媚the enchanting beauty of the landscape头顶雪冠snow-capped裹着紫云wrapped in purplish clouds比起…也不算差compare well with…溢满…（氛围) rich in…幽雅quiet, elegant舒适pleasing千头万绪many thoughts surging in my mind裹住（山峦）… envelop…奇峰 the fantastic (Gele) Mountain令人留恋的unforgettable被…（覆盖或）包裹着be covered with…漫山盛开in full bloom all over the place晴空万里fair weather四处奔逃dash for dear life脸色发青ashen faces长长地叹息sigh a deep sigh好不容易… managed to…亲人dear ones（光亮）渐渐消失died out万籁俱静silence reigned everywhere淡淡的月光pale moonlight看不见hardly visible流走的日日夜夜Days and nights went on like this说不出来的unutterable得知…的消息learn共存共荣co-existence and co-prosperity享受…风光feast one’s eyes on the beautiful scenery🔥复盘测试看不见人影车辆拥堵 寂静衣衫褴褛形容枯槁映着… 秀媚 头顶雪冠裹着紫云比起…也不算差 溢满…（氛围) 幽雅 舒适 千头万绪 裹住（山峦）… 奇峰 令人留恋的 被…（覆盖或）包裹着漫山盛开 晴空万里四处奔逃脸色发青 长长地叹息好不容易… 亲人 （光亮）渐渐消失万籁俱静 淡淡的月光 看不见 流走的日日夜夜说不出来的得知…的消息享受…风光 共存共荣🔥表达对比「想、认为」有几种表达？（我想）这才是真正的夜。白天决不是这样寂静。However, I presumed the city would never be so still in the daytime.（我想）看会儿书。I think I’ll sit back with a good book.他们就是这么（认为）的。That’s the way they looked at it.我（认为）以下这种情况可能性非常大：两年后，失业率仍然非常高，很有可能比现在还高。Here’s what I consider all too likely: Two years from now unemployment will still be extremely high, quite possibly higher than it is now.
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爱是一颗心遇到另一颗心（出处+配图） 
