The Dog老舍Lao She中国狗恐怕是世界上最可怜最难看的狗。Of all dogs in the world, those in China are perhaps the most pitiful and ugly-looking.Q:这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「狗」在原文中出现两次，在翻译时无需重复译出，理解为「中国狗恐怕在世界上是最可怜最难看的」，在它第二次出现时直接用those替代即可。此处之“难看”并不指狗种而言，而是与“可怜”密切相关。But it is their wretched life rather than their breed that is to blame for their ugliness.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈为加强语气，这一句翻译时用到了强调句型It is … that …。去掉这一句型后，这一句可以表达为rather than their breed，their wretched life is to blame for their ugliness.其中原文的「可怜」理解为「悲惨的生活」，译作their wretched life。无论狗的模样身材如何，只要喂养得好，它便会长得肥肥胖胖的，看着顺眼。All dogs, if well-fed, will be plump and nice-looking irrespective of their bodily form.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「只要喂养得好」在这里可以视为一个条件，翻译时处理为条件状语，即if well-fed，完整形式为if they are well-fed。🎈「看着顺眼」理解为「相貌好看的」，译作nice-looking，与上文的ugly-looking相对。中国人穷。人且吃不饱，狗就更提不到了。In poverty-stricken China, people don’t even have enough to feed themselves, let alone dogs.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈这一句可以理解为「在贫穷的中国，人都吃不饱，更别提狗了」，译作In poverty-stricken China, people don’t even have enough to feed themselves, let alone dogs.其中let alone是成语，意为「更别提」「更不必说」，意思等同于much less。因此，中国狗最难看；不是因为它长得不体面，而是因为它骨瘦如柴，终年夹着尾巴。Chinese dogs are ugly-looking not because they are born like that, but because they’ve been reduced to skin and bones by hunger, with tails between their legs all the year round.Q：「因为它骨瘦如柴，终年夹着尾巴」怎么翻译？🎈「因为它骨瘦如柴，终年夹着尾巴」译作but because they’ve been reduced to skin and bones by hunger, with tails between their legs all the year round，也可以译作but because they’ve been reduced to skin and bones by hunger, dragging out a miserable existence with tails between their legs,其中by hunger和dragging out a miserable existence是译文中的增益成分，原文虽无其词但有其意。每逢我看见被遗弃的小野狗在街上寻找粪吃，我便要落泪。I always feel like crying whenever I see a homeless little dog roaming about the street in search of human excrement.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「我便要落泪」译作I always feel like crying，意为「想要哭」，表达一种倾向。我并非是爱作伤感的人，动不动就要哭一鼻子。It doesn’t mean that I’m a sentimental, lachrymose sort.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈这一句译作It doesn’t mean that I’m a sentimental, lachrymose sort.其中lachrymose意为「爱哭的」；sort的意思是「一类人」，等于sort of person。此句也可译作It doesn’t mean that I’m a sentimental sort easily moved to tears.我看见小狗的可怜，也就是感到人民的贫穷。It’s because I associate the misery of the little dog with the poverty of our people.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈这一句可以理解为「我将小狗的可怜与人民的贫穷联系了起来」，译作It’s because I associate the misery of the little dog with the poverty of our people.其中「It’s because…」是为了与上文进行衔接，解释上文的「我并非是爱作伤感的人，动不动就要哭一鼻子」民富而后猫狗肥。Our cats and dogs will never get nice fat unless our people are well-off.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈这一句译作Our cats and dogs will never get nice fat unless our people are well-off.用到了「正话反译」的翻译手法，要比直接翻译更具表达效果。🎈此外，译文中的nice在这里作副词，修饰fat，作「讨人喜欢」pleasingly解，是译文中的增益成分，原文虽无其词但有其意。中国人动不动就说：我们地大物博。那也就是说，我们不用着急呀，我们有的是东西，永远吃不完喝不尽哪！We are apt to declare that ours is a big country with rich natural resources, meaning that there is no need for us to worry because we have plenty of everything to last us forever and ever.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「我们地大物博」意思是「我们国家地大物博」，译作ours is a big country with rich natural resources，其中ours指代our country。🎈「永远吃不完喝不尽哪」意思是「够我们永远用下去」，译作last us forever and ever，其中forever and ever意为「永远地」哼，请看看你们的狗吧！Well, why not take a look at our dogs!Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈这一句可以与上文联系起来理解，即「既然说我们地大物博，那怎么不看看我们的狗呢」，译作Well, why not take a look at our dogs!。还有：狗虽那么摸不着吃，那么随便就被人踢两脚，打两棍，可是它们还照旧的替人们服务。Dogs always remain man’s faithful servants though they are underfed and kicked and beaten without any reason.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「狗虽那么摸不着吃，那么随便就被人踢两脚，打两棍」译作though they are underfed and kicked and beaten without any reason，以让步状语从句的形式呈现，有加强语气的效果。🎈「它们还照旧的替人们服务」译作Dogs always remain man’s faithful servants，用名词形式来表达动词含意。尽管它们饿成皮包着骨，尽管它们刚被主人踹了两脚，它们还是极忠诚的去尽看门守夜的责任。狗永远不嫌主人穷。A dog continues to perform with loyal devotion the duty of guarding the door and keeping watch at night though he has been starved to a skeleton and kicked at by his master. He never minds how poor his master is.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「饿成皮包着骨」译作starved to a skeleton，和reduced to skin and bones by hunger同义。🎈「狗永远不嫌主人穷」译作He never minds how poor his master is.使用How+adj.+主语+be动词有增强语气的效果。还可译作He never complains of his master being so poor.这样的动物理应得到人们的赞美，而忠诚、义气、安贫、勇敢，等等好字眼都该归之于狗。Such an animal deserves our high praise. We should attribute to them such laudatory epithets as “devotion”, “loyalty”, “content with poverty”, “courage”, etc.Q：「这样的动物理应得到人们的赞美」该怎么翻译？🎈这句话可译作Such an animal deserves our high praise.或An animal like this ought to earn out high commendation.🎈「安贫」意为「甘于贫穷」，译作content with poverty可是，我不晓得为什么中国人不分黑白的把汉奸与小人叫作走狗，倒仿佛狗是不忠诚不义气的动物。But I wonder why we have been undiscriminatingly calling traitors and villains “running dogs”, as if dogs were disloyal and unfaithful animals.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「不分黑白」在这里译作undiscriminatingly，是由动词discriminate添加前缀和后缀变形而来的，意为「不加区别地」我为狗喊冤叫屈！I should voice grievances for them!Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈这一句可译作I should voice grievances for them!，或译作I should cry out against such injustice on behalf of them.猫才是好吃懒作，有肉即来，无食即去的东西。Cats, however, are greedy and lazy. They come to you when you have meat to offer, but otherwise leave you.Q：「有肉即来，无食即去的东西」该怎么翻译？🎈这一句的意思是「当你有肉给它们吃的时候，猫才来到你的身边，否则就离你而去」，可译作They come to you when you have meat to offer, but otherwise leave you.洋奴与小人理应被叫作“走猫”。Flunkeys of imperialism and mean persons should have been called “running cats”.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈这一句译作Flunkeys of imperialism and mean persons should have been called “running cats”.其中should have been done表达了「本应该…事实上却未…」，带有虚拟语气。此外「洋奴」译作Flunkeys of imperialism，意为「帝国主义的走狗、奴才」或者是因为狗的脾气好，不像猫那样傲慢，所以中国人不说“走猫”而说“走狗”？Perhaps the reason why we prefer to say “running dogs” rather than “running cats” is that dogs are good-tempered while cats are supercilious.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈这一句原文是以问句形式呈现的，其实际含义为「中国人之所以不说‘走猫’而说‘走狗’，是因为…」，因此译作the reason why we prefer to say “running dogs” rather than “running cats” is that dogs are good-tempered while cats are supercilious.假若真是那样，我就又觉得人们未免有点“软的欺，硬的怕”了！If so, I would think that people are perhaps inclined to bully the weak and fear the strong.Q：「人们未免有点‘软的欺，硬的怕’了」怎么翻译？🎈这一句可译作people are perhaps inclined to bully the weak and fear the strong，也可译作people are perhaps prejudiced against the weak but in favor of the strong。不过，也许有一种狗，学名叫作“走狗”；那我还不大清楚。Maybe there is a kind of dog whose scientific name is “running dog”. I’m not quite sure.Q：「学名」怎么翻译？🎈「学名」是指科学上的专门名称，译作scientific name。🔥必背词汇wretched adj.可怜的；悲惨的英义(formal) making you feel sympathy or pity 例句She finally agreed to have the wretched animal put down. 她最后同意用药结束这头可怜的动物的生命。lachrymose adj.爱哭的；爱流泪的英义(formal) having a tendency to cry easily 例句the tears of lachrymose mourners. 送葬者那止不住的泪水underfed adj.食物不足的；没吃饱的英义having had too little food to eat 例句Kate still looks pale and underfed. 凯特看上去仍旧面色苍白、营养不良。laudatory adj.称赞的；赞美的；颂扬的英义(formal) expressing praise or admiration 例句Beth spoke of Dr. Hammer in laudatory terms. 贝丝谈及哈默医生时赞不绝口。epithet n.（尤用于褒贬人或事物特征或性质的）表述形容词，修饰语英义an adjective or phrase that is used to describe sb./sth’s character or most important quality, especially in order to give praise or criticism 例句The film is long and dramatic but does not quite earn the epithet ‘epic ’. 这部影片篇幅长，戏剧性强，不过还不能誉为“史诗”。traitor n.背叛者；叛徒；卖国贼英义a person who gives away secrets about their friends, their country, etc. 例句He was seen as a traitor to the socialist cause. 他被视为社会主义事业的叛徒。voice v.表示，表达，吐露（感情或意见）英义to tell people your feelings or opinions about sth. 例句A number of parents have voiced concern about their children’s safety. 一些家长对他们子女的安全表示了担心。flunkey n. 阿谀奉承者；势利小人；马屁精英义a person who tries to please sb. who is important and powerful by doing small jobs for them例句Flunkeys of imperialism and mean persons should have been called “running cats”. 洋奴与小人理应被叫作“走猫”。supercilious adj.傲慢的；高傲的英义behaving towards other people as if you think you are better than they are 例句His manner is supercilious and arrogant. 他非常傲慢自大。🔥重点表达无论irrespective of难看 ugly-looking看着顺眼 nice-looking更提不到 let alone穷 poverty-stricken骨瘦如柴 reduced to skin and bones by hunger夹着尾巴 with tails between their legs动不动就要哭一鼻子 be a lachrymose sort/easily moved to tears地大物博 a big … with rich natural resources…永远吃不完喝不尽 have plenty of everything to last sb. forever and ever摸不着吃 be underfed饿成皮包着骨 starved to a skeleton极忠诚的 with loyal devotion尽…的责任 perform the duty of安贫 content with poverty好字眼 laudatory epithets得到赞美 earn out high commendation不分黑白的 undiscriminatingly走狗 running dogs喊冤叫屈 voice grievances for/cry out against the injustice on behalf of洋奴 flunkeys of imperialism软的欺，硬的怕 bully the weak and fear the strong/be prejudiced against the weak but in favor of the strong学名 scientific name 🔥复盘测试无论难看看着顺眼更提不到穷骨瘦如柴夹着尾巴动不动就要哭一鼻子地大物博…永远吃不完喝不尽摸不着吃饿成皮包着骨极忠诚的尽…的责任安贫好字眼得到赞美不分黑白的走狗喊冤叫屈洋奴软的欺，硬的怕学名🔥表达对比有关「无论」的不同说法无论狗的模样身材如何，只要喂养得好，它便会长得肥肥胖胖的，看着顺眼。All dogs, if well-fed, will be plump and nice-looking irrespective of their bodily form.无论天意也好，人意也罢，总是有缘。Be it heavenly or human, the arrangement is a welcome one.人无论多么复杂，都是一个有限系统，而认识的对象——世界，却是一个无线系统，No matter how complicated a human is as a system, it is a limited one compared with the unlimited world that he tries to understand.我无论在上课，吃饭，行坐，睡眠的时候，总是想着他。Whether in class or at table, walking or sitting, asleep or awake, I can never banish him from my mind.
帕布莉卡
朗读这篇文章
老舍《狗》 
爱是一颗心遇到另一颗心（出处+配图） 
