A Profile of Sa Zhenbing冰心Bing Xin萨镇冰先生，永远是我崇拜的对象，从六七岁的时候，我就常常听见父亲说：“中国海军的模范军人，萨镇冰一人而已。”I’ll always hold Mr. Sa Zhenbing in high esteem. When I was six or seven, I often heard my father say, “Of all personnel in the Chinese Navy, Sa Zhenbing is the only one deserving the title of model officer.”Q:这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「中国海军的模范军人，萨镇冰一人而已」可以理解为「在中国海军中，只有萨镇冰称得上是模范军人」，译作Of all personnel in the Chinese Navy, Sa Zhenbing is the only one deserving the title of model officer.🎈「是我崇拜的对象」译作hold Mr. Sa Zhenbing in high esteem，要比直接译作the people I admire most所表达的语意更加丰富。从那时起，我总是注意听受他的一言一行，我所耳闻目见的关于他的一切，无不加增我对他的敬慕。Since then, whatever Mr. Sa says or does has held my respectful attention and added to my admiration for him.Q：「我总是注意听受他的一言一行」怎么翻译？🎈这一句可以理解为「萨先生的一言一行都可以引起我的关注」，译作whatever Mr. Sa says or does has held my respectful attention，其中respectful用在此处是表达「恭敬」的内涵，比译作…has held much of my attention更为确切。时至今日，虽然有许多儿时敬仰的人物，使我灰心，使我失望，而每一想到他，就保留了我对于人类的信心，鼓励了我向上生活的勇气。Many people whom I used to look up to in my childhood have turned out to be very disappointing. Now the thought of Mr. Sa, however, has enabled me to retain confidence in mankind and forge ahead with renewed courage.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「虽然有许多儿时敬仰的人物，使我灰心，使我失望」的意思是「许多我儿时敬仰的人物到后来都让我失望了」，译作Many people whom I used to look up to in my childhood have turned out to be very disappointing.其中turned out to be含有「结果是…」的意味。🎈根据前文，「鼓励了我向上生活的勇气」含有「使我重拾勇气」之意，译作forge ahead with renewed courage。底下所记的关于萨先生的嘉言懿行，大半是从父亲谈话中得来的。Here I’m going to write about his fine words and deeds as I’ve mostly learned from my father.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「底下所记的」意即「即将要写到的」，译作I’m going to write about…🎈「大半是从父亲谈话中得来的」是对前面内容的补充说明，翻译时可处理为定语从句，译作as I’ve mostly learned from my father。事实的年月，我只约略推算，将来对于他的生平材料搜集得比较完全时，我想再详细的替他写一本传记。I’m unable to recall the exact dates. I intend some day to write a biography of him when I’ve collected sufficient material about his life.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「事实的年月，我只约略推算」意即「事件发生的确切日期我并不记得了」，译作I’m unable to recall the exact dates.🎈「将来对于他的生平材料搜集得比较完全时」译作when I’ve collected sufficient material about his life，这里使用现在完成时态来表达将来的语意。在此我感谢我的父亲，他知道往青年人脑里灌注的，应当是哪一种的印象。Now gratitude is due to my father, who has tried to inculcate only the best example into a young mind.Q：「他知道往青年人脑里灌注的，应当是哪一种的印象」该怎么翻译？🎈这一句可以不按照原文字面翻译，可以灵活处理为…my father, who has tried to inculcate only the best example into a young mind（父亲总用最好的榜样教育年轻的我），其中to inculcate意为「谆谆教诲」「灌输」海军上将萨镇冰先生，大名是鼎铭，福建闽侯人，一八六〇年生，十二岁入福州马尾船政学校，作第二班学生。十七八岁出洋，入英国格林海军大学，回国后在天津管轮学堂任正教习。Admiral Sa Zhenbing, whose formal name is Ding Ming, was born in Minhou County, Fujian Province, in 1860. He enrolled at Fuzhou Mawei Naval Academy at the age of 12, among its second batch of cadets, and then entered Greenwich College in England at the age of 18. After he came back from abroad, he served as an instructor at the Academy of Marine Engineering in Tianjin.Q：「大名」怎么翻译？🎈「大名」属于一种通俗说法，意为「正式名字」，译作formal name。🎈「作第二班学生」意即「是第二批学员中的一员」，译作among its second batch of cadets，其中cadets意为「陆海军官学校的学员」，要比直接译作students更为具体准确。🎈「任正教习」意即「担任教员」，译作served as an instructor。那时父亲是天津水师学堂驾驶班的学生，自此和他相识。It happened that my father was then receiving training in navigation at Tianjin Naval Academy. That’s how they got acquainted.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「那时父亲是天津水师学堂驾驶班的学生」意思是「那是我父亲刚好在天津水师学堂驾驶班学习」，译作It happened that my father was then receiving training in navigation at Tianjin Naval Academy.其中It happened that有「碰巧，刚好」之意，符合原文语意。在管轮学堂时候，他的卧室里用的是特制的一张又仄又小的木床，和船上的床铺相似，他的理由是，“军人是不能贪图安逸的，在岸上也应当和在海上一样。”While at the Academy of Marine Engineering, Mr. Sa slept on a specially made narrow, small plank bed like in a ship. He said, “We soldiers shouldn’t seek ease and comfort. Our life on sea or shore should be alike.”Q:「特制的一张又仄又小的木床，和船上的床铺相似」怎么翻译？🎈在这里名词「木床」有多个限定成分，译作a specially made narrow, small plank bed like in a ship，其中后半句的「和船上的床铺相似」直接译作状语形式，要比译作从句形式更显简洁。他授课最认真，对于功课好的学生，常以私物奖赏，如时表之类，有的时候，小的贵重点的物品用完了，连自己屋里的藤椅，也搬了去。He worked conscientiously as an instructor. He would often award to good cadets his personal belongings, such as his watch, or even his cane chair when he had nothing valuable to spare.Q：「有的时候」该怎么翻译？🎈结合原文内容，「有的时候」在这里是为了提示一种极端情况，因此在翻译时可不按照原文字面译出。课外常常教学生用锹铲在操场上挖筑炮台。那时管轮学堂在南边，水师学堂在北边，当中隔个操场。Outside class, he would often teach cadets how to dig out gun emplacements on the drill ground with spades and shovels. The Marine Engineering Academy was situated on the south and the Navel Academy on the north, with the drill ground in-between.Q：译文中出现两次with结构，它们的用法有何不同？🎈在with spades and shovels中，with做介词，表示「使用」；在with the drill ground in-between中，with仍然是介词，但这里是一个由with引导的独立主格结构，with可省略。学堂总办吴中翔住在水师学堂。吴总办是文人，不大喜欢学生做“粗事”。President of the Marine Engineering Academy Wu Zhongxiang, who happened to live in the Navel Academy, disapproved of cadets doing rough work, being himself a bookish type.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「学堂总办」即为现在的校长，译作president。🎈「吴总办是文人」译作being himself a bookish type，其中type理解为「具有某种特点的人」，所以a bookish type的意思是「书生气十足的人」「斯斯文文的人」所以在学生们踊跃动手，锹铲齐下的时候，萨先生总在操场边替他们巡风，以备吴总办的突来视察。So, when the cadets were in the middle of wielding their spades and shovels, Mr. Sa would stand at the side of the drill ground to keep watch lest President Wu should crop up making his rounds.Q：「以备吴总办的突来视察」怎么翻译？🎈这一句可译作lest President Wu should crop up making his rounds，需要注意lest引导的从句中通常使用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。此外，making his rounds意为「巡视」父亲和萨先生相熟，是从同在“海圻”军舰服务时起，那时他是海军副统领，兼“海圻”船主，父亲是副船主。Father and Mr. Sa began to know each other better when they both served on the warship Hai Yin around 1900. Mr. Sa was then Deputy Navy Commander and concurrently captain of the ship while father was its second in command.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「相熟」译作know each other better，与上文的「相识」相比更进一层语意，better可以表达这一语意。🎈「父亲是副船主」译作father was its second in command，其中in command有「领导」「负责」之意，its second in command意为船上的第二负责人，即「副船主」庚子之变，海军正统领叶祖珪，驻海容舰，被困于大沽口。鱼雷艇海龙、海犀、海青、海华四艘，已被联军舰队所掳。During the 1900 Boxer War[2], the warship Hai Rong directly under the personal command of Navy Commander Ye Zugui was pinned down at Dagu by the eight-power allied forces, and the torpedo boats the Hai Long, Hai Xi, Hai Qing and Hai Hua were captured by them.Q：「驻海容舰」怎么翻译？🎈根据原文内容可知，这里的「驻海容舰」并非字面上的「驻扎」之意，而是指「指挥海容舰」，因此译作under the personal command of…。🎈结合下一句的内容，这里的「被困于大沽口」是指「被八国联军围堵于此地」，译作was pinned down at Dagu by the eight-power allied forces。那时北洋舰队中的海圻、海琛、海筹、海天等舰，都泊山东庙岛，山东巡抚袁世凯，移书请各舰驶入长江，以避敌锋，于是各船纷纷南下，只海圻坚泊不动。Meanwhile, Governor of Shandong Yuan Shikai sent out a letter suggesting that the Hai Yin, Hai Chen, Hai Chou and Hai Tian, ships of the Northern Fleet then anchored at Miao Island, Shandong Province, all move to the Yangtze River so as to steer clear of the formidable foe. Thereupon all the ships retreated southward except the Hai Yin.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「那时北洋舰队中的海圻、海琛、海筹、海天等舰，都泊山东庙岛」在原文中相当于一个背景知识介绍的内容，在后面的「移书请各舰驶入长江」再次出现，因此翻译时可以整合处理，译作sent out a letter suggesting that the Hai Yin, Hai Chen, Hai Chou and Hai Tian, ships of the Northern Fleet then anchored at Miao Island, Shandong Province, …。在山东义和团杀害侨民的时候，萨先生请蓬莱一带的教士侨民悉数下船，殷勤招待，乱事过后，方送上岸。When Yihetuan threatened the lives of foreign residents in China, Mr. Sa let all foreign missionaries and nationals take shelter in his ship and be well taken care of until the uprising was over.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈根据原文内容可知，这里的「下船」是指「到他的船上去」，译作take shelter in his ship。🎈「殷勤招待，乱事过后，方送上岸」译作be well taken care of until the uprising was over，并未拘泥于原文字面，但却准确表达出了原文的语意。那时正有美国大巡洋舰阿利干号在庙岛附近触礁，海圻又驶往救护，美国国会闻讯，立即驰函道谢，阿利干舰长申谢之余，也恳劝萨先生南下，于是海圻才开入江阴。When the US cruiser Oregon struck a reef near Miao Island, the Hai Yin rushed to the scene for its rescue, for which American Congress immediately sent a message of thanks. And the captain of the US ship, while expressing gratitude to Mr. Sa, also advised him to move his ship to the south. Consequently the Hai Yin sailed into Jiangyin near the mouth of the Yangtze River.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈原文中包含众多小句，翻译时不宜直接按照字面进行翻译，应当先根据内容理清句与句之间的逻辑关系，然后划分不同的意群，之后再进行翻译。在这里，原文的小句可划分为三个意群，翻译时可处理为三句。在他舰南开，海圻孤泊的时候，军心很摇动，许多士兵称病上岸就医，乘间逃走，最后是群情惶遽，聚众请愿，要南下避敌。The departure of the other ships had shaken the morale of the men on the lone vessel. Many deserted after going ashore under pretext of seeing a doctor. All were in a state of alarm and together petitioned for the ship to seek shelter in the south.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「在他舰南开，海圻孤泊的时候，军心很摇动」译作The departure of the other ships had shaken the morale of the men on the lone vessel.伊文没有拘泥于原文形式，将「在他舰南开，海圻孤泊的时候」分别处理为名词形式和状语结构，表达灵活地道。🎈「许多士兵称病上岸就医，乘间逃走」中「逃走」为主要动词，因此次要动词可以其他形式来呈现，译作Many deserted after going ashore under pretext of seeing a doctor.舱面上万声嘈杂，不可制止，在父亲竭力向大家劝说的时候，萨先生忽然拿把军刀，从舱里走出，喝说着：“有再说要南下的，就杀却！”There was a horrible hubbub of voices on the deck. Father was making every effort to pacify the men when suddenly Mr. Sa emerged from the cabin sword in hand, shouting sternly, “Stop the racket, or you die！”Q：「有再说要南下的，就杀却！」怎么翻译？🎈这一句可译作Stop the racket, or you die！，或Any more racket, and you die！，并未逐字直译「有再说要南下的」，而用Stop the racket来表达其中的语意，因口头下达命令，所以用词应当尽量简短。此外you die比you’ll die可取，因前者有「必杀无疑」之意。他素来慈蔼，忽发威怒，大家无不失色惊散，海圻卒以泊定。Shocked by the great anger on the otherwise benevolent face, the ship crew rapidly dispersed, and the Hai Yin remained moored at the same old place until the American captain offered his advice.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「他素来慈蔼，忽发威怒，大家无不失色惊散」译作Shocked by the great anger on the otherwise benevolent face, the ship crew rapidly dispersed，其中on the otherwise benevolent face对应原文中的「他素来慈蔼」，表达简洁地道。🎈until the American captain offered his advice是为与上文内容保持紧密联系而进行的补充，便于读者理解。萨先生所在的兵舰上，纪律清洁，总是全军之冠。Discipline was exemplary on Mr. Sa’s ship.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈这一句译作Discipline was exemplary on Mr. Sa’s ship.此处用墨不多，却能概括原文语意。其中exemplary意为「堪称楷模」他常常捐款修理公物，常笑对父亲说，“人家做船主，都打金镯子送太太戴，我的金镯子是戴在我的船上。”He often donated money from his personal purse for repairs of public property, saying jokingly to father, “Other captains make gold bracelets for their wives, I make them to deck out my ship.”Q：「我的金镯子是戴在我的船上」怎么翻译？🎈这是一句形象的幽默表达，在翻译时译出其核心意思即可，I make them to deck out my ship。其中deck out意为「装扮」🎈「他常常捐款修理公物」译作He often donated money from his personal purse for repairs of public property，其中from his personal purse是根据原文内容所做的补充。有一次船上练习打靶，枪炮副不慎，将一尊船边炮的炮膛，划伤一痕。炮值二万余元，萨先生自己捐出月饷，分期赔偿。Once, during a shooting practice on the ship, a gun officer through carelessness damaged the bore of a light gun worth more than 20,000 yuan. Mr. Sa gave away his monthly salaries to pay for the damaged gun by installments.Q：「枪炮副」怎么翻译？🎈为便于外国读者理解，「枪炮副」直接译作a gun officer更合适。此外，「一尊船边炮的炮膛」也不宜直译，译作the bore of a light gun即可。后来事闻于叶祖珪，又传于直隶总督袁世凯，袁立即寄款代偿，所以如今海圻船上有一尊船边炮是袁世凯购换的。When the news later reached Navy Commander Ye Zugui and Yuan Shikai, then Governor-General of Hebei Province, the latter immediately remitted money to pay for the damaged gun. Hence, one of the light guns on the Hai Yin has since been known as Yuan’s gift.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「后来事闻于叶祖珪，又传于直隶总督袁世凯」这两句表达的意思相同，翻译时可整合处理，即When the news later reached Navy Commander Ye Zugui and Yuan Shikai。🎈「直隶总督」译作Governor-General of Hebei Province，其中「直隶」为中国旧省名，特指现在的河北省。他在船上，特别是在练船上，如威远、康济、通济等舰常常教学生荡舢舨，泅水，打靶，以此为日课，也以此为娱乐。Often on his ship, especially on a drill ship like the Wei Yuan, Kang Ji or Tong Ji, Mr. Sa would teach the cadets how to row a sampan, swim across the water or practise shooting—not only as daily military training, but also as recreational activities.Q：「以此为日课，也以此为娱乐」怎么翻译？🎈这两句是对前文的课程内容进行解释说明，译作—not only as daily military training, but also as recreational activities，使用破折号比译作从句形式更加简洁。驾驶时也专用学生，不请船户。In navigating, he would let the cadets do the piloting instead of hiring a boatman to do it.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈这里的意思是「在驾驶时萨先生也只用学生来驾驶」，译作In navigating, he would let the cadets do the piloting，其中navigating和do the piloting都表达「驾驶」之意，在这里换用不同的表达来避免重复。叶统领常常皱眉说：“鼎铭太肯冒险了，专爱用些年轻人！”That made Navy Commander Ye complain with a frown, “Sa is too reckless, always trusting the young chaps！”Q：「专爱用些年轻人」怎么翻译？🎈结合上下文，这里的「专爱用些年轻人」的意思是「信得过年轻人」，译作always trusting the young chaps，这一句在译文中充当原因状语。而海上的数十年，他所在的军舰，从来没有失事过。Yet, for several decades no mishap has ever befallen the ship under Mr. Sa’s command.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈这一句可以转换视角理解为「事故从来没有发生在他指挥的军舰上」，译作no mishap has ever befallen the ship under Mr. Sa’s command，要比按照原文字面直译更加地道。他又爱才如命，对于官员士兵的体恤爱护，无微不至。上岸公出，有风时舢舨上就使帆，以省兵力。Mr. Sa is very fond of talent and shows deep sympathy and care for officers and men. When he went ashore on business by sampan, he would have the sails unfurled on a windy day so as to save labor on the part of the sailors.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「爱才如命」是指「十分爱惜人才」，译作is very fond of talent。🎈「有风时舢舨上就使帆」的意思是「有风的时候就打开船帆来推动船前行」，译作he would have the sails unfurled on a windy day，其中have the sails unfurled是将原文中的「使帆」具体化。上岸拜会，也不带船上仆役，必要时就向岸上的朋友借用。He had no orderly with him when making visits on land, but would, when necessary, borrow a servant from a land-based friend of his.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「上岸拜会，也不带船上仆役」译作He had no orderly with him when making visits on land，其中orderly在这里不作副词，而是作名词，意为「仆役」「勤杂工」历任要职数十年，如海军副大臣、海军总长、福建省长等，也不曾用过一个亲戚。He never tried to find a job for any of his relatives during the several decades when he was in a position of power as Naval Vice-Minister, Naval Minister or Governor of Fujian Province.Q：「也不曾用过一个亲戚」怎么翻译？🎈结合上下文，这里是指「不曾任用过一个自己的亲戚」，译作never tried to find a job for any of his relatives。亲戚远道来投，必酌给川资，或作买卖的本钱，劝他们回去，说：“你们没有受过海上训练，不能占海军人员的位置。”When relatives came from distant places to seek his patronage, he would persuade them to return home after giving them traveling expenses or some money with which to go into business, saying, “To hold down a post in the navy without naval training, you would be a real dog in the manger.”Q：「你们没有受过海上训练，不能占海军人员的位置」怎么翻译？🎈这一句的意思是「没有受过海上训练，勉强担任海军职务，就会占着茅坑不拉屎」，译作To hold down a post in the navy without naval training, you would be a real dog in the manger.或译作Holding a post in the navy without naval training means usurping the position of a naval officer or man without ability to do your duties.🎈「酌给川资」的意思是「给…出路费」，译作giving them traveling expenses。萨先生和他的太太陈夫人，伉俪甚笃。Mr. Sa and his wife Chen were deeply in love with each other.Q:「伉俪甚笃」怎么翻译？🎈「伉俪甚笃」意为「夫妻感情甚好」，译作deeply in love with each other。有一次他在烟台卧病，陈夫人从威海卫赶来视疾，被他辞了回去，人都说他不近人情。Once, when Mr. Sa was bedridden in Yantai, his wife came hurriedly from Weihaiwei to visit him, but he immediately sent her away. People, however, looked on it disapprovingly.Q：「人都说他不近人情」怎么翻译？🎈这一句可以理解为「人们都对他所做的这件事表示不赞同」，译作People, however, looked on it disapprovingly.其中however有增强语气的作用。而自他三十六岁，夫人去世后，就将子女寄养岳家，鳏居终身。When he became widowed at the age of 36, he entrusted his children to the care of his in-laws. He has since been wifeless.Q：「鳏居终身」怎么翻译？🎈结合文意，「鳏居终身」可以理解为「从那以后他再没有娶妻，独自生活」，译作He has since been wifeless.其中wifeless对应原文中的「鳏居」，since则用来提示时间。人问他为何不续弦，他说：“天下若再有一个女子，和我太太一样的我就娶。”When people asked him why he didn’t remarry, he said, “Not unless I can find a woman precisely like my late wife.”Q：译文中Not unless…是什么意思？🎈Not unless I can find a woman precisely like my late wife.中Not unless…的完整形式为I won’t remarry unless….。此外，「我太太」是指「已故妻子」，因此译作my late wife。他的个人生活，尤其清简，洋服从来没有上过身，也从未穿过皮棉衣服，平常总是布鞋布袜，呢袍呢马褂。He lives a simple life. He never wears a Western suit, nor fur or cotton-padded clothes. Generally, he wears cloth shoes and socks, and a woolen mandarin jacket and long gown. Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈根据内容，原文可以分为三个意群，呈总-分结构。其中开头两个小句「他的个人生活，尤其清简」，起到总体概括的作用，译作He lives a simple life.自奉极薄，一生没有做过寿，也不受人的礼。He denies himself every luxury in life. He has never held a birthday party for himself, nor has he accepted any birthday present.Q：「自奉极薄」怎么翻译？🎈「自奉极薄」的意思是「日常生活极其勤俭节约」，译作He denies himself every luxury in life.没有一切的嗜好，打牌是千载难逢的事，万不得已坐下时，输赢也都用铜子。He has no hobby except mah-jong which he plays for fun once in a long, long while—and that with copper coins only.Q：这一句怎么翻译？🎈「打牌是千载难逢的事」译作mah-jong which he plays for fun once in a long, long while，其中once in a while意为「有时」，连续加上两个形容词long，则意为「千载难逢」，有加重语气的效果。他住屋子，总是租那很破敝的，自己替房东来修理，栽花草，铺双重砖地，开门辟户。He lives in a very humble house. He did all the repairs for the landlord. He grew flowers and plants, paved the ground with bricks and renovated the gate and doors.Q：「开门辟户」怎么翻译？🎈「开门辟户」在这里的意思是「重新整修大门和屋门」，译作renovated the gate and doors符合文意。屋中陈设也极简单，环堵萧然。他做海军副大臣时，在北平西城曾买了一所小房，南下后就把这所小房送给了一位同学。His rooms with bare walls are simply furnished. When he was Naval Vice-Minister, he bought a house in the western part of Peiping, which was later given to a former classmate of his after he moved to the south.Q：「屋中陈设也极简单，环堵萧然」怎么翻译？🎈这一句译作His rooms with bare walls are simply furnished.其中His rooms with bare walls是形容房间内装饰极少。「环堵萧然」则是指「屋内陈设极少」，译作simply furnished。在福建省长任内，任前清总督衙门，地方极大，他只留下几间办公室，其余的连箭道一并拆掉，通成一条大街，至今人称肃威路，因为他是肃威将军。When he was Governor of Fujian, he worked in the huge compound which used to be the yamen of the former Qing-Dynasty governor-general. He had most of the yamen buildings, together with the surrounding walls, pulled down except a few rooms where he held office. The nearby street has to this day been generally referred to as “Su Wei Street” in honor of Mr. Sa , the “su wei” Admiral.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「他只留下几间办公室，其余的连箭道一并拆掉」译作He had most of the yamen buildings, together with the surrounding walls, pulled down except a few rooms where he held office.其中had most of the yamen buildings…pulled down是根据原文内容进行的补充，有助于读者理解。“肃威”两字，不足为萨先生的考语，他实是一个极风趣极洒脱的人。“Su wei”, however, is not an adequate epithet for him, for he is in fact a very witty and outgoing man.Q：「考语」怎么翻译？🎈「考语」是旧时对公职人员的工作或其他方面的表现所做的评语，在这里可以理解为对萨先生个人的评价，使用epithet符合原意。生平喜欢小宴会，三五个朋友吃便饭，他最高兴。He is fond of giving a dinner for just a small number of friends.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈根据下文可知，此处的「吃便饭」主要是指萨先生设宴款待他人，因此译作giving a dinner for just a small number of friends符合文意。所以遇有任何团体公请他，他总是零碎的还礼，他说：“客人太多时，主人不容易应酬得周到，不如小宴会，倒能宾主尽欢。”After attending a banquet collectively hosted by some people, he will give a return dinner for them in small batches. He said, “When there are too many guests, it’s hard to take very good care of everyone. On the contrary, at a small dinner everybody can thoroughly enjoy themselves.”Q：「零碎的还礼」怎么翻译？🎈根据上下文内容可知，「零碎的还礼」在这里是指萨先生分拨宴请那些请他吃过饭的人，译作he will give a return dinner for them in small batches.其中in small batches对应原文中的「零碎的」请客时一切肴馔设备，总是自己检点，务要整齐清洁。In preparing a dinner, he will personally check up every dish and see to it that everything is neat and clean.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈原文中的「务要」的意思是「必须要…」，译作see to it that everything is neat and clean，其中see to it that意为「注意」「留心」也喜欢宴请西国朋友。屋中陈设虽然简单，却常常改换式样。He also likes to entertain foreign friends at a dinner. He likes personally to rearrange from time to time the simple furnishings in his house.Q：原文怎么翻译？🎈「屋中陈设虽然简单，却常常改换式样」译作He likes personally to rearrange from time to time the simple furnishings in his house.比按照原文字面译为「让步状语从句+主句」的形式更加简洁。自己的一切用物文玩，知道别人喜欢，立刻就送了人，送礼的时候，也是自己登门去送，从来不用仆役。If any article of daily use or ornamental object happens to catch the fancy of a guest, he will immediately give it to him, usually by calling at the latter’s house in person instead of by sending a servant.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「自己的一切用物文玩，知道别人喜欢」在原文中充当条件，因此译作If any article of daily use or ornamental object happens to catch the fancy of a guest，其中happens to含有「恰巧」的语意。🎈instead of by sending a servant中省略了与前文重复的giving it to him。他写信极其详细周到，月日地址，每信都有，字迹秀楷，也喜作诗，与父亲常有唱和之作。He writes letters in a beautiful hand, always paying attention to small details, such as dates and addresses. He also likes to write poems, and he and father often write poetry in response to each other.Q：这一句怎么翻译？🎈「他写信极其详细周到」可理解为「他写信时会关注许多细节内容」，译作always paying attention to small details…。🎈「字迹秀楷」译作writes letters in a beautiful hand表达生动地道。他平常主张海军学校不请汉文教员，理由是文人颓放，不可使青年军人沾染上腐败的习气。He disapproves of naval academies employing scholars to teach Chinese on the ground that decadent literati may taint young cadets with unhealthy habits.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「他平常主张海军学校不请汉文教员，理由是文人颓放」译作He disapproves of naval academies employing scholars to teach Chinese，使用了「正话反译」的翻译手法，将原文中的否定含义用disapprove表达出来。🎈同理，「文人颓放，不可使青年军人沾染上腐败的习气」理解为「颓放的文人会使青年军人沾染上腐败的习气」，译作decadent literati may taint young cadets with unhealthy habits。他说：“我从十二岁就入军校，可是汉文也彀用的，文字贵有自修，不在乎学作八股式的无性灵的文章。”He said, “Though I entered the naval academy at an early age of 12, my Chinese is passable. Language can be mastered through self-study, not by learning to write empty stereotyped essays.”Q：「彀用的」怎么翻译？🎈结合上下文，这里是指「过得去的」「尚可的」，译作my Chinese is passable。🎈「八股式的无性灵的文章」译作empty stereotyped essays，其中stereotyped对应原文中的「八股式的」我有二十多年没有看见他了，至今记忆中还有几件不能磨灭的事：Though it is more than twenty years since I last saw Mr. Sa, several things have left an indelible impression on my memory.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈通读原文，这一句中暗含有让步意味，在翻译时需要通过添加必要的连接词来体现这一层逻辑关系，译作Though it is more than twenty years since…。🎈「我有二十多年没有看见他了」可以理解为「距离我最后一次见他，已经过去二十多年了」，译作it is more than twenty years since I last saw Mr. Sa。在我五六岁时候，他到烟台视察，住海军练营，一天下午父亲请他来家吃晚饭，约定是七时，到六时五十五分，父亲便带我到门口去等，说：“萨军门是谨守时刻的，他常是早几分钟到主人门口，到时候才进来，我们不可使他久候。”Once, when I was about six, he came to Yantai on an inspection tour and put up at the local naval training camp. One afternoon, at the invitation of father, he was to have dinner at our home at 7 pm. At 6:55 pm, father went with me to the gate to wait for him, saying, “The Admiral is punctual to the minute. He always comes to a host’s gate several minutes earlier and refuses to come in until exactly the appointed time. Now we shouldn’t let him wait too long.”Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈原文小句众多，首先要根据内容划分为三个意群。其中「在我五六岁时候，他到烟台视察，住海军练营」是对时间背景进行交代，译作Once, when I was about six, he came to Yantai on an inspection tour and put up at the local naval training camp.此后的内容便是对事件的细节进行描述。我们走了出去，果然看见他穿着青呢袍，笑容满面的站在门口。As soon as we stepped out, we saw him already standing at the gate as expected. Dressed in a black woollen gown, he was all smiles.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「果然看见他…」译作we saw him already standing at the gate as expected，其中as expected对应原文中的「果然」，意为「不出所料」他又非常的温恭周到，有一次到我们家里来谈公事，里面端出点心来，是母亲自己做的，父亲无意中告诉了他。谈完公事，走到门口，又回来殷勤地说：“请你谢谢你的太太，今天的点心真是好吃。”He was very courteous and considerate. Once, when he was in our home to discuss official business with father, he was treated to some pastries, which, as father told him inadvertently, had been prepared by mother. Then as he was about to leave us at the gate, he suddenly turned back to say to father thoughtfully, “Thanks a lot to your wife for the real delicious pastries.”Q：原文该怎么翻译？🎈结合上文的「他又非常的温恭周到」，「殷勤地」在这里是褒义，意为「考虑周到地」，译作thoughtfully符合文意。🎈「里面端出点心来，是母亲自己做的，父亲无意中告诉了他」译作…some pastries, which, as father told him inadvertently, had been prepared by mother，其中as father told him inadvertently作方式状语。父亲的客厅里，字画向来很少，因为他不是鉴赏家，相片也很少，因为他的朋友不多。Father’s drawing room has always been decorated with few pieces of calligraphy and paintings because he himself is not a connoisseur of art. The same with photos because he has not too many friends.Q：The same with photos because he has not too many friends是什么意思？🎈译文中的这一句是为了避免重复，省略了前文已经提及的内容，用the same进行替代，the same with意为「同…一样」而南下北上搬了几次家，客厅总挂有萨先生的相片，和他写赠的一副对联，是“穷达尽为身外事，升沉不改故人情”。But, although he has moved several times, from north to south or vice versa, his drawing room is always hung with Mr. Sa’s portrait and written couplet given to him as a gift, which reads as follows：Ups and downs, old friends remain true.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「南下北上搬了几次家」译作moved several times, from north to south or vice versa，其中vice versa本意为「反之亦然」，在这里意为「南下北上、北上南下地反复搬家」，表达简洁。🎈「穷达尽为身外事，升沉不改故人情」译作Ups and downs, old friends remain true.译出了原文对联的核心意思，简洁准确。听说他老人家现在福州居住，卖字作公益事业。灾区的放赈，总是他的事。I hear that he now lives in Fuzhou, selling the calligraphy he writes to subsidize public welfare undertakings and providing relief to people in disaster areas.Q:这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「卖字作公益事业。灾区的放赈，总是他的事」可以看作是对萨先生现在生活状态的补充说明，因此翻译时可以处理为状语成分，译作selling the calligraphy he writes to subsidize public welfare undertakings and providing relief to people in disaster areas，是以现在分词的形式作伴随状语。在福州下渡，他用海军界的捐款，办了一个模范村，村民爱他如父母，为他建了一亭，逢时过节，都来拜访，腊八节，大家也给他熬些腊八粥，送到家去。In Xiadu, Fuzhou, a model village has been set up with donations he collected from the naval circles. The villagers love him deeply. They have erected a pavilion to pay tribute to him. They visit him on New Year’s Day and other festivals. On laba Festival, they call on him to present him with laba porridge—a kind of rice porridge they make, as a tradition, with nuts and dried fruit.Q：「腊八粥」怎么翻译？🎈“腊八粥”在这里译作“laba porridge—a kind of rice porridge they make, as a tradition, with nuts and dried fruit”，其中laba porridge后面的释义词是译文中的增益成分，有助于外国读者对腊八粥这一中国特色表达的了解。此外还有许多从朋友处听来的关于萨先生的事，都是极可珍贵的材料。夜深人倦，恕我不再记述了，横竖我是想写他的传记的，许多事不妨留在后来写。Numerous other things I’ve heard about him will make valuable material too. But pardon me for leaving off now, for it is deep night and I’m tired. Anyway, I might as well put the rest in the biography I’m going to write about him in the future.Q：原文该怎么翻译？🎈「夜深人倦，恕我不再记述了」中的「夜深人倦」是下文内容的原因，翻译时处理为原因状语会使二者之间的逻辑关系更加明了，译作But pardon me for leaving off now, for it is deep night and I’m tired.🎈「横竖我是想写他的传记的，许多事不妨留在后来写」译作Anyway, I might as well put the rest in the biography I’m going to write about him in the future.其中「横竖」译作Anyway，意为「不管怎样」在此我只要说我的感想：前些日子看到行政院“澄清贪污”的命令，使我矍然的觉出今日的贪污官吏之多，擅用公物，虽贤者不免。Now I would like to speak my mind about the present situation in our country. Some time ago, an order issued by the Executive Yuan to “stamp out corruption” shocked me to realize how the country is being plagued by countless corrupt officials and how they have even been joined by some otherwise honest officials in seizing public property at will.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「在此我只要说我的感想」译作Now I would like to speak my mind about the present situation in our country.其中about the present situation in our country是根据下文内容进行的补充，有开启下文内容的作用，使行文不显突兀。🎈「今日的贪污官吏之多，擅用公物，虽贤者不免」译作how the country is being plagued by countless corrupt officials and how they have even been joined by some otherwise honest officials in seizing public property at will，其中how有加强语气的作用。我不愿提出我所耳闻目击的无数种种的贪污事实，我只愿高捧出一个清廉高峻的人格，使我们那些与贪污奋斗的朋友们，抬头望时，不生寂寞之感……Now, rather than enumerating the many cases of corruption I’ve seen or heard of, I hold aloft the noble image of an honest and upright man so that our friends now fighting corruption may look up at it and feel they are not isolated…Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「我只愿高捧出一个清廉高峻的人格，使我们那些与贪污奋斗的朋友们，抬头望时，不生寂寞之感……」可以理解为「我只愿高捧出一个清廉高峻的人格，为的是让我们那些与贪污奋斗的朋友们，抬头望时，不生寂寞之感……」，译作I hold aloft the noble image of an honest and upright man so that our friends now fighting corruption may look up at it and feel they are not isolated…在此我敬谨遥祝他老人家长寿安康。Let me from afar wish the venerable old man to enjoy good health and longevity.Q：这一句该怎么翻译？🎈「他老人家」译作the venerable old man，venerable意为「因年高而令人尊重的」，用在此处符合文意。必背词汇inculcate v.反复灌输；谆谆教诲英义(formal) to cause sb. to learn and remember ideas, moral principles, etc., especially by repeating them often 例句We failed to inculcate students with love of knowledge. 我们未能通过谆谆教诲使学生们热爱知识.wield v.挥，操，使用（武器、工具等）英义to hold sth., ready to use it as a weapon or tool 例句He was wielding a large knife.他挥舞着一把大刀。formidable adj.可怕的；令人敬畏的；难对付的英义if people, things or situations are formidable , you feel fear and/or respect for them, because they are impressive or powerful, or because they seem very difficult 例句In debate he was a formidable opponent. 在辩论中他是位难应付的对手。hubbub n.喧闹声；嘈杂声英义the loud sound made by a lot of people talking at the same time 例句It was difficult to hear what he was saying over the hubbub. 声音太嘈杂，难以听清楚他的讲话。pacify v.使平静；平息；抚慰英义to make sb. who is angry or upset become calm and quiet 例句The baby could not be pacified.怎么也止不住婴儿的哭声。bedridden adj.长期卧床的英义having to stay in bed all the time because you are sick, injured or old 例句He had to spend two years bedridden with an injury. 他因伤不得不卧床两年。humble adj.不大的；没有特别之处的英义not large or special in any way 例句Let me take you to my humble abode! 让我带你们到鄙人的寒舍去吧!decadent adj.堕落的；颓废的；贪图享乐的英义having or showing low standards, especially moral ones, and an interest only in pleasure and enjoyment rather than serious things 例句Don’t let decadent ideas eat into yourselves. 别让颓废的思想侵蚀你们.indelible adj.无法忘记的；不可磨灭的英义impossible to forget or remove 例句The experience made an indelible impression on me. 那次经历使我难以忘怀。重点表达记… a profile of…是崇拜的对象 hold … in high esteem敬仰 look up to嘉言懿行 fine words and deeds在此感谢… Now gratitude is due to…相识 get acquainted贪图安逸 seek ease and comfort文人 a bookish type突来视察 crop up making one’s rounds相熟 know each other better副… be its second in command庚子之变 the 1900 Boxer War被困于 be pinned down at联军 the eight-power allied forces触礁 strike a reef喝说着 shout sternly爱才如命 be very fond of talent体恤爱护，无微不至 show deep sympathy and care for历任要职 in a position of power酌给川资 give sb. traveling expenses伉俪甚笃 deeply in love with each other鳏居 be wifeless自奉极薄 deny oneself every luxury in life千载难逢的 once in a long, long while环堵萧然 simply furnished字迹秀楷 write … in a beautiful hand使…沾染上腐败的习气 taint … with unhealthy habits谨守时刻 be punctual to the minute笑容满面的 be all smiles放赈 provide relief to矍然的觉出 shock sb. to realize擅用公物 seize public property at will高捧出 hold aloft遥祝 from afar wish长寿安康 enjoy good health and longevity复盘测试记……是崇拜的对象敬仰嘉言懿行在此感谢…相识贪图安逸文人突来视察相熟副…庚子之变被困于联军触礁喝说着爱才如命体恤爱护，无微不至历任要职酌给川资伉俪甚笃鳏居自奉极薄千载难逢的环堵萧然字迹秀楷使…沾染上腐败的习气谨守时刻笑容满面的放赈矍然的觉出擅用公物高捧出遥祝长寿安康表达对比有关「果然…」的不同说法他赶紧接过来，打开纸包一看，是四本小小的书。啊！人面兽，九头蛇，……果然都在里面了。There were four small volumes and, sure enough, the man-faced beast, the nine-headed snake… all of them were there.这张琴弹起来果然非常好听。This musical instrument, when played, turned out to be extremely pleasant to the ear.我们走了出去，果然看见他穿着青呢袍，笑容满面的站在门口。As soon as we stepped out, we saw him already standing at the gate as expected. Dressed in a black woollen gown, he was all smiles.果然，后山的老虎，出没悲号了好多天，Surely, we heard the mother tiger crying sadly that night and several nights afterwards
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爱是一颗心遇到另一颗心（出处+配图） 
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