On Presenting a View鲁迅Lu Xun🔥背景知识：《立论》是鲁迅1925年7月8日在北京写的一篇短文，1927年7月编入散文诗集《野草》。文章写「立论之难」，悲诉人生，感叹在现实生活中人们不敢说直话或有话难于直说，导致假话盛行。🎈「立论」意即「针对客观事物或问题，直接提出自己的见解和主张，阐明其理由，表明自己的态度就是立论」。故可译为On Presenting a View，也可译为On Expressing an Opinion或On Passing Judgement。我梦见自己正在小学校的讲堂上预备作文，向老师请教立论的方法。I dreamed that while preparing to write a composition in a primary school classroom I asked the teacher how to present a view.🎈旧时称「讲堂」为教室，故将「小学校的讲堂」译为 in a primary school classroom。🎈while也可由when代替。when后面可接瞬时动作也可接延续性动作；而while后只能接延续性动作。🎈「向老师请教立论的方法」除译为「I asked the teacher how to present a view」外，也可译为I consulted the teacher on how to express an opinion。“难！”老师从眼镜圈外斜射出眼光来，看着我，说。“That’s a hard nut,” said the teacher, giving me a sidelong glance over his glasses.🎈「难」可译为That’s hard或That’s not easy，现译为That’s a hard nut是常用习语，等于That’s a hard nut to crack。小伙伴们翻译的时候时刻要记得“地道简洁”四字哦，努力使自己的译文向目的语的用语习惯靠拢~🎈「老师从眼镜圈外斜射出眼光来，看着我」意即「老师斜着透过眼镜看着我」，故译为giving me a sidelong glance over his glasses或glancing at me sideways out of the corner of his glasses。“我告诉你一件事——“Let me tell you this story —”🎈此句可译为Let me tell you this story或Here is a story，小伙伴们可以关注一下冠词用法。前者this作「下面的」解，后者a表示「一个」。“一家人家生了一个男孩，合家高兴透顶了。“When a baby boy is born to a family, there is immense joy in the whole household.🎈「一个男孩」这儿强调的是刚出生的男婴，故译a baby boy，比boy更恰当。结合上下文，也可译为a son。🎈「合家」可译为the whole household或the whole family，但前者更合适，因为household除指family外，也可指同门同户的人或包括非亲属，如仆人等，在内的一家。满月的时候，抱出来给客人看，——大概自然是想得一点好兆头。When he is one month old, they invite some people over for taking a look at him — customarily, of course, in expectation of some good wishes.🎈中文的意合特色有显现出来了，我们又要添主语啦。（孩子）满月的时候，（他的家人）抱出来给客人看。🎈「大概自然是想得一点好兆头」的意思是「按习俗当然是希望得到一些良好的祝愿」，故译为customarily, of course, in expectation of some good wishes。译者增译了customarily一词，因为外国读者可能无法理解为什么孩子满月的时候给客人看一下就会有好兆头，通过该词，读者轻松地就能了解到这是中国的传统习俗，也就不会产生疑问了。其中good wishes也可用blessing, auspicious remarks, compliments等代替。Q: 为何for前面还有一个over？🎈Invite sb. over 是邀请某人过来的意思，为固定词组。for表示目的，接doing形式，或直接跟名词a look。 “一个说：‘这孩子将来要发财的。’他于是得到一番感谢。“One of the guests receives hearty thanks for saying, ‘The child is destined to be rich.’🎈原文中的「将来」含有「命中注定」的意思，所以译为be destined to。🎈「感谢」增译为「衷心的感谢」，这很好理解啊，对刚满月的孩子送上将来要发财的祝福，孩子的家人肯定从心底里表示感激，原文虽无其词但有其意。因此译为hearty thanks。当写完一次译文后，要再检查一下是否存在可以完善的地方哦~“一个说：‘这孩子将来要做官的。’他于是收回几句恭维。“Another is paid some compliments in return for saying, ‘The child is destined to be an official.’🎈「收回几句恭维」意为「孩子的家人回赠给他几句恭维」，故译为another is paid some compliments in return for saying 。in return意为「作为报答」。“一个说：‘这孩子将来是要死的。’他于是得到一顿大家合力的痛打。“Still another, however, is given a sound beating by the whole family for saying, ‘The child will eventually die.’🎈「一个说」译为Still another，是因为前面已先后出现One和another，也可译为A third。🎈「这孩子将来是要死的」意即「这孩子最后总是要死的」，如果译为This child will die，似乎未能确切达意，故译为This child will eventually die”，或采取增译法“This child, like all humans, will eventually die.“说要死的必然，说富贵的许谎。“To call the child mortal is to state the inevitable while to say that the child will become very rich or a high official is probably a lie.🎈「说要死的必然」意即「说这孩子将来会死，是道出了事物的必然性」，故译为To call the child mortal is to state the inevitable。其中mortal作「终有一死」解，the inevitable等于一个抽象名词，作「必然性」解。🎈「说富贵的许谎」意即「说着孩子将来会富贵的，是在说谎」，故译为to say the child will become very rich or a high official is probably a lie。其中「富贵」作「富裕，地位高」解，故译为become very rich or a high official。但说谎的得好报，说必然的遭打。你……” Yet the former gets a thrashing while the latter is rewarded. You …” 🎈此句中有一个非常好用的替代词the former和the latter，下次翻译就可以用起来啦~🎈「得好报」意即「获得好的回报」，故译为be rewarded。来复习一下容易混淆的award和reward一、这两个词都可以用作名词和动词，作名词时，意义相近，但不是同义词。1. 从词义上说，award是「授予，给予」，reward是「回报」。2. 从用法上说，award用双宾语：award sb sth.或award sth. to sb.reward用reward sb. with sth. 二、award，reward这两个动词均有「授予奖励」之意。1. award：侧重指官方或经正式研究裁决后对有功者或竞赛优胜者所给予的奖励。例句They awarded John the first prize. 他们授予约翰一等奖。2. reward：指对品德高尚和勤劳的人所给予的奖励。也可指为某事付酬金。例句The police are offering a big reward for information about the robbery.警方出大笔赏金要求提供那起抢劫案的破案线索。“我愿意既不谎人，也不遭打。“I don’t want to tell a lie, and neither do I want to be beaten.🎈在后面这句译文中，and可用可不用；neither一词改用nor也可。那么，老师，我得怎么说呢？”Then what should I do, sir?”🎈sir用来称呼男老师，madam用来称呼女老师。“那么，你得说：‘啊呀！这孩子呵！您瞧！多么……啊唷！哈哈！Hehe! he, hehehehe!”“Well, just say, ‘Ai-ya, this child! Just look! Oh, my! Hah! Hehe! He, hehehehe!’”🎈在英文中，well经常会表达「嗯…」「那么…」等含义，比如说，在与外国人交流的时候，碰到了需要想一想的时候，那么就可先说一个well，给自己一两秒时间来思考。🔥必背单词present v. 提出，陈述〔观点、计划等〕英义to give a speech in which you offer an idea, plan etc to be considered or accepted例句Our manager is due to present the report at the end of the month.我们的经理将于月底作汇报。nut n. 难对付的人，难说服的人 英义a hard / tough nut: (informal) a person who is difficult to deal with or to influence例句The Daily Express describes Dr Carey as a pretty tough nut.《每日快报》把凯里医生说成是特别难对付的家伙。sidelong adj. 斜眼看，睥睨〔尤表示有秘密、不诚实或不以为然〕英义look / glance a way of looking at someone by moving your eyes to the side, especially so that it seems secret, dishonest, or disapproving例句He gave Oliver a sidelong glance.他睨视了奥利弗一眼。hearty adj. 亲切的；友好的英义showing friendly feelings for sb例句a hearty welcome 热情的欢迎 sound adj. 完全的，彻底的英义only before noun complete and thorough例句a sound understanding of money and banking systems对货币和银行业体制的透彻理解mortal adj. 凡人的，不会长生不死的，终有一死的英义not able to live for ever例句Her father’s death reminded her that she was mortal.父亲的去世让她认识到终有一天她也会死去。inevitable adj. 必然发生的，难以避免的英义certain to happen and impossible to avoid例句A further escalation of the crisis now seems inevitable.危机的进一步升级现在看来已不可避免。thrashing n. 痛打，被痛打英义an occasion when you beat someone or are beaten violently as a punishment例句If you speak to your mother like that again, you’ll get a thrashing.你再那样跟你的母亲说话，就要挨揍了。🔥重点词组立论 present a view; express an opinion; pass judgement难事 a hard nut老师从眼镜圈外斜射出眼光来 give me a sidelong glance over his glasses= glance at me sideways out of the corner of his glasses合家 the whole household; the whole family好兆头 good wishes; blessing; auspicious remarks; compliments注定会做某事 be destined to do sth.衷心感谢 hearty thanks作为回报 in return 痛打 a sound beating; a thrashing富贵 become very rich or a high official 这孩子将来要发财 The child is destined to be rich.道出了事物的必然性 state the inevitable🔥复盘测试立论难事老师从眼镜圈外斜射出眼光来合家好兆头注定会做某事衷心感谢作为回报痛打富贵这孩子将来要发财 道出了事物的必然性 🔥表达对比🔺关于「打」的不同表达“一个说：‘这孩子将来是要死的。’他于是得到一顿大家合力的痛打。“Still another, however, is given a sound beating by the whole family for saying, ‘The child will eventually die.’但说谎的得好报，说必然的遭打。Yet the former gets a thrashing while the latter is rewarded.“我愿意既不谎人，也不遭打。“I don’t want to tell a lie, and neither do I want to be beaten.在外滩看见一个警察打人，没有缘故，只是一时兴起。I saw a policeman hitting someone on the Bund, for no reason, simply because he felt like it.
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