《中国传统文化关键字》百戏 -英语翻译教程-中英双语赏析

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百戏

BaiXi

中国古代歌舞杂技表演的总称。包括武术、廣术、驯兽、歌舞、滑稽戏表演,及空中走绳、吞刀、踏火等各种杂技,内容丰富,形式多样,表演比较自由而随意,追求娱乐效果,具有民间性和通俗性。

It’s a generic term in history for performing arts, including martial arts, magic, taming animals, song and dance, farce, tightrope walking, knife swallowing, walking on fire, and other acrobatic performances. Such performing arts were diverse in both form and content and the performance could easily take place, the only criterion being to entertain the popular audience.

🎈中文行文多为并列句,因此在翻译时需要根据意群进行拆分重组,改写为符合英文行文习惯的句子。在本句的翻译中,译文首先进行总结性的描述,指出百戏是中国古代歌舞杂技表演的总称(performing arts),再列举出具体表演形式;然后描述百戏的特点,即内容和形式丰富(diverse in both form and content)、表演自由随意(performance could easily take place)以及目的是娱乐大众(entertain the popular audience)。采用的这样的翻译方法,避免了句子的冗长繁复,更加贴合英文的行文习惯。

🎈在翻译“追求娱乐效果,具有民间性和通俗性”时,译文采取了减译了方法。因为“追求娱乐效果”本身便暗含了“民间性和通俗性”的意思,所以此处将民间性和通俗性略去不译,只译出了追求娱乐效果(entertain the popular audience)

汉代开始流行,随着各民族的文化交流与融汇,乐舞杂技表演形式也不断融合、丰富,“百戏”是表示其种类繁多。南北朝以后其义同于“散乐”。唐代逬一步盛行。宋代以后,散乐侧重指文人创作、艺人表演的歌舞、戏剧,百戏则相当于民间杂技。

Such performances began in Han times, and as culture and art forms from different ethnic groups were slowly integrated into local practice, performing arts and acrobatics came to be increasingly diversified. The termbaixi (百戏)literally means “a hundred forms of performances” and suggests, different kinds of performing arts. After the Southern and Northern Dynasties another term, sanyue (散乐), became synonymous with baixi. During the Tang Dynasty the performing arts became even more popular. In Song times sanyue came to refer mainly to song and dance performances or operas created by men of letters; while baixi came to mean principally acrobatic shows by folk artists.

🎈在翻译「随着各民族的文化交流与融汇」时,译文采用了增译的方式,点出了民族融合在当地或地方的具体实践行为(local practice),使得译文更加完整。

🎈在翻译「百戏」是表示其种类繁多时,译文采用了增译的方法。先点出「百戏」在中文中的字面含义,即「一百种表演形式」(a hundred forms of performances),随后对其进行进一步的解释,说明其所表达的真正含义是“多种表演艺术”(different kinds of performing arts),而中文的字面意思事实上是一种夸张的修辞手法。

🎈在翻译「散乐侧重指文人创作、艺人表演的歌舞、戏剧」一句中,译文采用了减译的方法。因为本句想要着重表达的是「文人创作」(created by men of letters),与后面的「民间杂技」(acrobatic shows)形成「阳春白雪」和「下里巴人」的对比,所以本句中的「艺人表演」信息并不重要;此外,无论是「文人创作」还是「民间杂技」,都是需要艺人进行表演的,所以「艺人进行表演」可略去不译,显得文章工整而流畅。

有时,统治者会因为百戏耽误正业甚至影响风气而颁布禁令。总的来说,百戏孕育了歌舞、戏剧等高雅艺术,留下了中国杂技这一非物质文化遗产,丰富了人们的精神文化生活。

At times the authorities would impose a ban onbaixi, believing that such performing arts exerted a bad influence on social customs. Still it is fair to say that baixi gave birth to high-brow song and dance as well as operas. It turned acrobatics into a form of intangible cultural heritage, enriching the cultural life of the people.

🎈在第一句的翻译中,译文照顾了英文的行文习惯,先摆出结果(the authorities would impose a ban on baixi),随后以一个原因状语解释为什么会出现禁令(believing that such performing arts exerted a bad influence on social customs);此外,本句的翻译还采用了减译的方法,因为「影响社会风气」(a bad influence on social customs)本身就包含了「耽误正业」这一方面,所以略去不译。

🎈在后一句的翻译中,译文对百戏的影响进行了拆分重组和归纳整合。首先百戏孕育了众多高雅的艺术(high-brow song and dance as well as operas);随后另起一句指出百戏使得中国杂技成为非物质文化遗产,丰富了人们的精神生活。这样就使得译文流畅严谨,不会显得冗长繁复。

🎈在翻译「留下了」时,译文并没有采用left这样的直译,而是用了「使…成为…」(turn…into…)的表达方式,使得译文地道自然。此外,在最后一句的翻译中,将「丰富了人们的精神文化生活」作为一个结果状语从句出现(enriching the cultural life of the people),使得译文更具有逻辑性。

🎈重点表达

百戏 BaiXi

驯兽 taming animals

滑稽戏 farce

空中走绳 tightrope walking

吞刀 knife swallowing

踏火 walking on fire

杂技 acrobatic performance/show

在…方面具有多样性 be diverse in

文人 man of letters

民间艺术家 folk artist

禁止 impose a ban on…

对…有影响 exerted a influence on…

高雅乐舞 high-brow song and dance

产生,孕育 give birth to

非物质文化遗产 intangible cultural heritage

未经允许不得转载:帕布莉卡 » 《中国传统文化关键字》百戏 -英语翻译教程-中英双语赏析

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