Mourning the Death of Maxim Gorky ——YeZi🔥背景知识：《悼高尔基》是二十世纪三十年代我国杰出青年作家叶紫为纪念苏联作家高尔基逝世而写的一篇唁词，发表在1936年7月10日的《文学家》杂志上。高尔基是我受影响最大，得益最多，而且最敬爱的一个作家。Maxim Gorky has exerted enormous influence on me and benefited me a lot. He is my most beloved writer.🎈「高尔基是我受影响最大，得益最多，而且最敬爱的一个作家」译为 Maxim Gorky has exerted enormous influence on me and benefited me a lot. He is my most beloved writer，变原文一句为两句，是译文造句的需要，也是逻辑的需要。又，汉语形容词和副词的最高级往往只是为加强语气，英译时不必照搬，上述译文就是一例。五十年代我国《人民日报》为纪念斯大林逝世曾发表社论，题为《最伟大的友谊》，当时苏联英文刊物上发表的有关译文是Great Friendship，而非The Greatest Friendship，可供参考。当从报纸上得到他的病讯的时候，我正应一个朋友的邀约，准备到杭州去作一个短时间的旅行，I learned of his illness from newspapers when I was about to leave for Hangzhou for a short visit at the invitation of a friend.🎈英文长句多，中文短句多。句子的长短是翻译质量的影响因素之一。🎈获悉、得知learn of🎈动身去某地leave for sp.为了挂念这病着的大作家，我带了两本最心爱的他底著作：一本是《短篇创作选集》，一本是《草原故事》。因为从这两本书里，我可以看到这个作家的伟大的灵魂，也可以学到一些“怎样去生活”的方法。Deeply concerned about the ailing literary giant, I took with me two books that were my favourites among his works: Selected Short Stories of Maxim Gorky and Stories of the Grassland, believing they would afford me an insight into his great soul and teach me how to “live on”.🎈汉语往往不忌讳在一篇文章中词的多次重复，例如人名等。英语则习惯于用代名词或其他办法避免重复。在这篇仅约500字的唁词中，「伟大」一词竟重复出现了五、六次之多，译文大多设法避免。「病着的伟大作家」译为the ailing literary giant「他的伟大还不仅仅是这两木书」译为it is not these two books alone that have contributed to his eminence「我不能找出一句适当的话来形容我底心中的悲哀和纪念他的人格的伟大」译为Words failed me as to how grieved I was and how inspired I was with respect for him「再看不到他的新的伟大的作品了」译为no longer can we read his new remarkable works。🎈「为了挂念这病着的大作家」中「为了」意同「由于、因为」，翻译时处理为Deeply concerned about the ailing literary giant，作原因状语。🎈「两本最心爱的他底著作」译作two books that were my favourites among his works，其中favourite(s)是可数名词，指 「受宠的、最喜爱的（人或物）」当然，他的伟大还不仅仅是这两本书，我爱他的也不仅仅是这三数篇作品。Of course, it is not these two books alone that have contributed to his eminence, nor have I come to love him by reading only one or two of his works.🎈 it is not these two books alone that have contributed to his eminence是强调句。对比It wasn’t I that made fun of him.侧重「不是我（而是别人）取笑他」It was I that didn’t make fun of him.就是单纯指「我没有取笑他」🎈「我爱他的也不仅仅是这三数篇作品」按「我也不是因为仅仅读了他的几部作品才喜欢他」之意译作nor have I come to love him by reading only one or two of his works。其中，「三数」指为数不多，译作one or two。又，nor倒装句的结构为nor+ be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语＋谓语动词＋其他部分。然而我所得到的关于这两本书的益处，也就不少了。Yet it has certainly done me much good to read exclusively the two books in question.🎈……（对我）益处颇多 do me much good to……benefit me a lot🎈in question是添加成分，作being talked about（正在讨论的）解，指上文所涉及的作者最爱的两本书籍。虽然在旅行中，我是每天都在挂念着他的消息。On my way to Hangzhou, I was daily on the lookout for news about him.🎈在我去……的路上On my way to🎈寻找be on the lookout for。其中，lookout由look out演变而来，look out同look。我看到他体热降低，我觉得欢喜，看到他体热增高，我觉得忧虑，而且也更能从那两本书里看出他的伟大处来。I felt relieved whenever his body temperature dropped, and otherwise I felt worried. And the two books I was reading made me impressed with his greatness all the more.🎈「看到他体热增高，我觉得忧虑」译为and otherwise I felt worried。其中otherwise一词非常巧妙，简洁精炼。又，「体热」同「体温」，译作body temperature。🎈对…印象深刻 (be) impressed with/byQ: all the more的用法🎈（摘自英语常用词疑难用法手册）中国人不习惯使用这个词组，因为译成中文是「更加」，似乎同英文的more或even more差不多。但其实all the more表示的「更加」，是前后文说出了原因或隐含不明言原因的，而简单的more或even more则不涉及原因。例句For this very reason, their recklessness is all the harder to forgive. 正是由于这个原因，他们的鲁莽就更难原谅。他的死讯，是我重回上海的第二天才得到的，我的心里当时觉得一下子沉下去了！When I learned of his death on the second day after my return to Shanghai, my heart sank.🎈sink的时态变化：sink-sank-sunk🎈此句也可译为I learned of his death on the second day after my return to Shanghai. At the moment my heart sank.但衔接度不比参考译文。我不能找出一句适当的话来形容我底心中的悲哀和纪念他的人格的伟大！Words failed me as to how grieved I was and how inspired I was with respect for him.🎈 （在……地方/情况下）说不出话Words failed me……：复习老舍《想北平》中：言语是不够表现我的心情的，只有独自微笑或落泪才足以把内心揭露在外面一些来。Words fail me where silent smiles and tears well express my innermost feelings.他的死，不但是苏联的损失，而且是全世界文学青年的损失。His death is a loss not only to the Soviet Union, but also to all young devotees to literature the world over.🎈not only… but also属于并列连词。如果用来并列主语，则放在句子的前面；如果并列谓语动词，则跟在主语的后面；如果并列宾语或表语，则跟在（谓语）动词的后面。此外还可以并列定语或状语，具体位置则就视不同情况而定。🎈「全世界文学青年」译为all young devotees to literature the world over。其中，「文学青年」按「热爱文学的青年」译为young devotees to literature。又，the world over表示「世界各地的」Q: people the world over是不是写错了啊？应该是people all over the world吧？ 🎈两个都没错，都是common idiom，并且都可以找到例句。例句With the enormous success of their second album, the band suddenly became known the world over.我们在学过的文章里也曾多次见到the world over的身影。①聂绀弩《我若为王》：“万岁，万岁，万万岁！”我将和全世界的真的人们一同三呼。I would join true people all the world over in giving three cheers for myself.②顾均正《耳闻不如一见》：……从古到今，无论是什么人，无论在什么地方，都一直在受着眼睛的骗？…people the world over should have been fooled by their own eyes ever since time immemorial?因为我们将再得不到他的新的指示，再看不到他的新的伟大的作品了。No longer can we receive new instruction from him; no longer can we read his new remarkable works.🎈no longer（否定词及含有否定意义的副词或词组）位于句首，句子要部分倒装。纪念他和哀痛他，只能由他遗留下来的作品里去找寻我们“怎样去生活”的路。What we can do while commemorating and mourning for the great writer is to search among the works he has left behind for guidance as to how to “live on”.🎈What we can do (is to…)是补充成分，文中虽无其词而有其意。🎈留下、余留leave behind这“路”是非常的长的，黑暗而且艰难的，他的作品将永远像一盏明灯那样地照耀我们前进！The way before us is very long, and dark and arduous. His works, however, will shine permanently like a beacon to guide our advance.🎈before us和however是添加成分，更加符合语境和逻辑关系。🎈「将永远像一盏明灯那样地照耀我们前进」按「永远像一盏明灯那样发光以指引我们前行」之意译作will shine permanently like a beacon to guide our advance。其中，beacon指「指路明灯」，同时兼具「灯塔」之意，结合「照耀我们前进」的语境，较为可取。🔥必背词汇mourn v.悼念，哀悼，向…致哀英义If you mourn someone who has died or mourn for them, you are very sad that they have died and show your sorrow in the way that you behave.例句The whole nation had mourned the death of their great leader.举国上下向去世的伟大领袖表示了深深的哀悼。ailing adj.生病的，抱恙的，体衰的英义If someone is ailing, they are ill and are not getting better.例句He is said to be ailing at his home in Washington.据说他身体欠佳，正呆在华盛顿的家中。exclusively adv.排他地，独占地，专有地，完全地英义Exclusively is used to refer to situations or activities that involve only the thing or things mentioned, and nothing else.例句This sample room is exclusively for women.这试衣室仅供妇女使用。devotee n.狂热的爱好者，热衷者英义Someone who is a devotee of a subject or activity is very enthusiastic about it.例句But for the world’s growing band of board-game devotees, it is paradise.但它却是全球不断增长的棋盘游戏爱好者的天堂。commemorate v.纪念英义To commemorate an important event or person means to remember them by means of a special action, ceremony, or specially created object.例句a stone to commemorate the fallen 纪念阵亡将士的纪念碑🔥重点表达对某人影响巨大exert enormous influence on sb.获悉、得知learn of动身去某地leave for sp.应朋友邀约at the invitation of a friend继续活着live on……（对我）益处颇多 do me much good to…、…benefit me a lot在我去……的路上On my way to寻找be on the lookout for世界各地的the world over留下、余留leave behind将永远像一盏明灯那样地照耀我们前进will shine permanently like a beacon to guide our advance🔥复盘测试对某人影响巨大获悉、得知动身去某地应朋友邀约继续活着……（对我）益处颇多在我去……的路上寻找世界各地的留下、余留将永远像一盏明灯那样地照耀我们前进🔥表达对比「受益」有几种表达？然而我所得到的关于这两本书的益处，也就不少了。Yet it has certainly done me much good to read exclusively the two books in question.高尔基是我受影响最大，得益最多的一个作家。Maxim Gorky has exerted enormous influence on me and benefited me a lot. He is my most beloved writer.但是该贷款利率有可能会继续受益，因为市场预测，英格兰银行可能会在再度降息。Tracker rates are likely to continue to gain in popularity amid speculation that the Bank of England may have to cut rates a lot further.收到我方开具的以你方为受益人的信用证后，请尽可能减少延误发货。Please effect shipment with the least possible delay upon receipt of the letter of credit in your favour established by us.许多人听到忠告，唯智者始能受益。Many receive advice, only the wise profit by it.
帕布莉卡
朗读这篇文章
爱是一颗心遇到另一颗心（出处+配图） 
《乱世佳人》电影专题
