My Childhood冰心Bing Xin🔥背景知识：《我的童年》是著名女作家冰心（1900-1999）1942年3月写于重庆歌乐山的一篇散文。作者出身于福州一个温馨慈爱之家，父亲是海军军官，母亲知书达理。她童年时期曾随父母多年居住在渤海之滨的烟台，直到11岁才回到福州。文章就是对这一段海边生活的深情回忆，笔调率真坦诚，语言清新典雅。提到童年，总使人有些向往，People are generally inclined to cherish the memory of their childhood. 🎈这么长的一句话，我们首先要来做一个断句：提到童年，总使人有些向往，/不论童年生活是快乐，是悲哀，人们总觉得都是生命中最深刻的一段；/有许多印象，许多习惯，深固的刻画在他的人格及气质上，而影响他的一生。🎈「总使人」意即「往往使人…」，故译为be inclined to do。这个词组在上篇文章中我们也碰到了，意为「愿意」，而此处意为「倾向于」。🎈「向往童年」即「珍视童年的回忆」，cherish the memory of their childhood。不论童年生活是快乐，是悲哀，人们总觉得都是生命中最深刻的一段；Be it happy or sad, it is always regarded as the most significant part of one’s life. 🎈「生命中最深刻的一段」译为the most significant part of one’s life。「最深刻的」的意思是「具有深远意义的」，应译为the most significant，不应按字面意思译为the deepest。🎈be it happy or sad属于倒装的让步状语从句在英语中，由whether或however引导的让步状语从句可以变成一个句首用be的倒装句，同样表示让步。例句All substances, be they gaseous, liquid or solid, are made up of atoms.还原All substances, whether they may be gaseous, liquid or solid, are made up of atoms.例句Be it ever so humble, there is no place like home.还原However humble it may be, there is no place like home.有许多印象，许多习惯，深固的刻画在他的人格及气质上，而影响他的一生。Many early impressions and habits are so deeply etched in one’s character and temperament that they will affect him all through his life.🎈「深固的刻画在…」除译为be deeply etched in外，也可译为be deeply engraved in，或be deeply embedded in。🎈「许多印象，许多习惯」如仅仅译为many impressions and habits是不够的，须在many后面加early一词，或把全文译为many impressions and habits one has acquired in this period。文章虽无其词却有其意，指的是许多早期的印象和习惯。Q：气质可以译成personality吗？🎈不行。因为personality多用在说人的品质，比如品质高尚、谦卑、助人为乐，而一般不会说外向、活泼开朗这类个性；而temperament其实应该翻译成气质，是对一个人整体性格的概括，哲学上用的比较多。如果说这个人是某种气质的人，他往往有许多性格特点，比如一种星座代表的人格包括很多具体的性格特点。例句She has such a kind, friendly personality. 她个性善良友好。to have an artistic temperament 有艺术家的气质我的童年生活，在许多零碎的文字里，不自觉的已经描写了许多，当曼瑰对我提出这个题目的时候，我还觉得有兴味，而欣然执笔。I have often inadvertently touched upon my childhood life here and there in my previous writings. Now that Man Gui suggested that I write exclusively on the topic of my childhood, I thought it worth a try and hence set pen to paper without reluctance.🎈「描写」除了非常常见的write、describe，还可以运用touch on。🎈「对我提出这个题目的时候」即「建议我写童年生活」，故译为suggested that I write exclusively on the topic of my childhood，其中exclusively表达专门之意。🎈「执笔」译为set pen to paper，这是个固定词组，pen和paper都不需要加冠词。🎈此句中suggest后使用了虚拟语气。suggest, insist, propose, desire, demand, request, order, command等词表示命令或建议等含义时，后面的宾语从句应使用虚拟语气should+动词原形，should可以省略中年的人，不愿意再说些情感的话，As a middle-aged woman, I try to keep from being sentimental again in writing about the old days. 🎈「不愿意再说些情感的话」意即「写时不再溺于柔情」，故译为I try to keep from being sentimental again in writing about the old days或I’ll refrain from writing in a sentimental way again。其中to keep from的意思是「避免」；in writing about the old days是增译成分。虽然在回忆中充满了含泪的微笑，我只约略的画出我童年的环境和训练，以及遗留在我的嗜好或习惯上的一切，也许有些父母们愿意用来作参考。Though I often smile with tears in my eyes while reminiscing, I choose only to sketch out my childhood environment and upbringing as well as the hobbies and habits that have since remained with me — things which may perhaps serve as reference for some parents of today.🎈「童年的环境和训练」此处的「训练」并非字面意思，而指的是「我的家教」故译为upbringing。🎈「也许有些父母们愿意用来作参考」译为things which may perhaps serve as reference for some parents of today，其中of today是增译成分，表示的是如今的家长。reference作「参考」之意为不可数名词。🎈定语从句that have since remained with me修饰the hobbies and habits, 定语从句which may perhaps serve as reference for some parents today修饰things。先说到我的遗传：我的父亲是个海军将领，身体很好，我从不记得他在病榻上躺着过。Let me begin with my family background. My father was a high-ranking naval officer. He was very healthy and strong and I do not remember ever to have found him confined to bed by sickness.🎈「先说到我的遗传」不宜照字面直译，应译为「先谈谈我的家庭背景」，故译为Let me begin with my family background。🎈「我从不记得他在病榻上躺着过」译为confined to bed by sickness，亦可译为lying on a sickbed。我的祖父身体也很好，八十六岁无疾而终。My grandfather, also very healthy and strong, died without illness at the age of 86.🎈「无疾而终」即「去世时没有疾病」，故译为die without illness。🎈补充一个形容老年人精神矍铄的词组：hale and hearty例句But then I saw this hale and hearty person deteriorate in health.但是不久我见到这位健壮的男士健康转坏。我的母亲却很瘦弱；常常头痛，吐血——这吐血的症候，我也得到，不是肺结核，而是肺气枝涨大，过劳或操心，都会发作——My mother, however, was very thin and weak, often suffering from headaches and blood-spitting — an illness I was once also liable to. It was caused not by pulmonary tuberculosis, but by the enlarged bronchial tubes or overwork and care.🎈「发作」意即「由…引起」，故译为be caused by。🎈often suffering from headaches and blood-spitting是独立主格结构，因主语同为my mother，所以省略主语。🎈an illness I was once also liable to作为blood-spitting的同位语，表示我也得过这个病。其中I was once also liable to为定语从句，修饰an illness。因此我童年时代记忆所及的母亲，是个极温柔，极安静的女人，不是作活计，就是看书，她的生活是非常恬淡的。In short, as I remember, my mother was a very gentle and quiet woman. She spent her time either working or reading. She lived a very calm life.🎈in short意为「总之」。同义表达：in a nutshell；in a word; in brief例句In a nutshell, our company is on the verge of insolvency. 总之，我们公司就要破产了。例句In a word, learning English is not only necessary but also important. 总之，学习英语不仅是必要的，也是重要的。例句In brief, I have made up my mind to quit job. 总之，我已经决定辞职了。虽然母亲说过，我在会吐奶的时候，就吐过血，而在我的童年时代，并不曾发作过，According to my mother, I used to spit blood when I was a suckling baby, but this trouble never recurred in my childhood. 🎈「在我的童年时代，并不曾发作过」即「我童年时未复发过」，故译为this trouble never recurred in my childhood。🎈used to do sth. 过去常常做某事be used to do sth. 被用来做某事be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事我也不记得我那时生过什么大病，身体也好，精神也活泼，Nor do I remember ever to have suffered from any serious illness during those days. On the contrary, I was in perfect condition both mentally and physically.🎈「我也不记得我那时生过什么大病，身体也好，精神也活泼」译为Nor do I remember ever to have suffered from any serious illness during those days. On the contrary, I was in perfect condition both mentally and physicall，其中增加连接词on the contrary，形成对比，结构严谨。suffer from意为生病于是那七八年山陬海隅的生活，我多半是父亲的孩子，而少半是母亲的女儿！Therefore, during those seven or eight years when moving about with my folks far away from our home town Fuzhou, I was, in terms of physical health, more than 50 per cent like my father and less than 50 per cent like my mother.Q:为什么move 后面有两个介词，直接写move with my folks不可以吗？🎈move about为固定词组，意为「走动」，with表示「伴随」之意。例句Someone is moving about in the locked room.有人在这个锁着的房间里走动。🎈「山陬海隅」意即「山和海的角落，亦即非常远的地方」，故译为far away from our home town Fuzhou。🎈「我多半是父亲的孩子，而少半是母亲的女儿」译为I was, in terms of physical health, more than 50 per cent like my father and less than 50 per cent like my mother，其中in terms of physical health是增译成分，原文虽无其词而有其意。此句也可以用意译法处理：I was, in terms of physical health, more like my father than my mother.在我以先，母亲生过两个哥哥，都是一生下就夭折了，我的底下，还死去一个妹妹。I had two elder brothers who died soon after they were born. I had a younger sister who died young.🎈who died soon after they were born 和who died young 均为定语从句，分别修饰two elder brothers和a young sister。我的大弟弟，比我小六岁。My eldest younger brother is six years my junior.🎈be … years sb’s junior 比…小…岁=be sb’s junior (by …)例句She’s five years his junior.= She’s his junior by five years. 她比他小四岁。将junior换成seniorbe … years sb’s senior= be sb’s senior (by …) 比…大…岁在大弟弟未生之前，我在家里是个独子。Therefore, before he was born, I was the only child of the family.🎈「独子」意即「唯一的孩子」，故译为the only child。环境把童年的我，造成一个“野孩子”，丝毫没有少女的气息。Under the circumstances, I became much more like a “naughty little boy” than a young girl.🎈此句「野孩子」强调意思为「淘气的像个男孩子」，所以译者译为a naughty little boy。我们的家，总是住近海军兵营，或海军学校。My home was always situated near a naval barracks or naval academy.🎈be situated意为「位于」同义表达：be located in/on/at= be seated in/on/at四围没有和我同年龄的女伴，我没有玩过“娃娃”，没有学过针线，没有搽过脂粉，没有穿过鲜艳的衣服，没有戴过花。I found in the neighborhood no female companions of my age group. I never played with a doll, never learned how to do needlework, never used cosmetics, never wore colours or flowers.🎈「没有穿过鲜艳的衣服，没有戴过花」译为never wore colours or flowers，其中colours作「彩色衣服」解，相当于bright-colored dresses。反过来说，因着母亲的病弱，和家里的冷静，使得我整天跟在父亲的身边，What with my mother’s ailing health and what with the loneliness I felt at home, I was compelled to seek the company of my father all day long. 🎈what with sth 因为某事，由于某事（用于列举各种理由）英义used to introduce a list of reasons that have made something happen or made someone feel in a particular way 例句She couldn’t get to sleep , what with all the shooting and shouting.枪声和喊声此起彼伏，她无法入睡。🎈「家里的冷静」指的是「孤独，无人陪伴」，故译为the loneliness I felt at home。并且由于「母亲病弱、家里冷静」，所以我「被迫」和父亲一道，故译为I was compelled to seek the company of my father all day long。company为陪伴之意。参加了他的种种工作与活动，得到了连一般男子都得不到的经验。I was with him while he was going about his work and various other activities, thus acquiring experience beyond the reach of even an average male adult.🎈acquire 获得（技能）；养成习惯英义if you acquire something such as a skill or a habit, you learn it, or develop it through your daily life or expensive 例句Having read the book, she will be able to pass on the acquired knowledge to trainee teachers.读完此书，她便能将从书中所得传授给实习教师。为一切方便起见，我总是男装，常着军服。I was often dressed, for convenience’ sake, boy-fashion or in military uniform.🎈为了方便起见 for convenience’s sake父母叫我“阿哥”，弟弟们称呼我“哥哥”，弄得后来我自己也忘其所以了。So my parents would call me “Ah Ge” and my younger brothers would call me “Elder Brother” until I almost forgot what I really was.🎈「忘其所以」意即「忘记我到底是谁」，故译为forgot what I really was。🎈what I really was为forget的宾语从句。父亲办公的时候，也常常有人带我出去，我的游踪所及，是旗台，炮台，海军码头，火药库，龙王庙。Often, while my father was attending to his official duties, somebody would take me out on visits to such places as naval ship bridges, batteries, naval wharves, powder magazines and Temple of the Dragon King.🎈「办公」即「处理公务」，故译为attend to his official duties。🎈「游踪所及」即「我所参观的地方」，故译为on visits我的谈伴是修理枪炮的工人、看守火药库的残废兵士、水手、军官，他们多半是山东人，和蔼而质朴，I would chat with workers repairing guns, disabled servicemen looking after powder magazines, sailors and naval officers. Being mostly from Shandong Province, they were very amiable and unsophisticated.🎈「我的谈伴」即「我聊天的对象」，故译为I would chat with，由名词转为动词。他们告诉我以许多海上新奇悲壮的故事。From them I heard many a strange story about tragic and stirring incidents at sea.🎈many a 许多，后面的名词为单数，但是动词为复数形式。例句Many a reader find this novel very exciting. 许多读者认为这本小说很不错。有时也遇见农夫和渔人，谈些山中海上的家常。Sometimes farmers and fishermen whom I met would talk about their daily life in the mountains and at sea respectively.🎈此举末尾增译了respectively，是因为农夫谈山中之事，而渔人谈海上之事，虽无其词却有其意。🎈「家常」即「日常生活」，故译为daily life。那时除了我的母亲和父亲同事的太太们外，几乎轻易见不到一个女性。In those days, apart from my mother and wives of my father’s colleagues, I seldom met with any womenfolks.🎈apart from 和…不同知识回顾：besides, except, except for和apart from的区别1）besides表示“除…之外，（还，也）”，相当于in addition to例句Besides English, they also study math, physics and chemistry.除了英语之外，他们还学习数学，物理和化学。注意：不要和beside混淆，beside是“在…旁边”的意思。2）except表示“除…之外，（其余都）…”，常与all，no，none，nothing等含有整体肯定或否定意义的词连用。except后面除了跟名（代）词外，还可跟另一介词短语、动词不定式短语或that引导的从句例句He answered all the questions except the last one. 除了最后一个问题外，所有问题他都回答了。比较We all went except him. 除了他（没去）以外，我们都去了。Three others also went besides him. 除了他（去了）以外，还去了三个人。3）except for 指整体中除去一个细节例句Your composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.除了几出拼写错误之外，你的作文写的很好。Except for an old lady, the bus was empty. 除了有一个老太太以外，这辆公共汽车是空的。4） apart from 相当于besides，意为“除…之外（还包括）”。例句Apart from my mother tongue, I speak several foreign languages as well. 除了母语外，我还会讲好几种外语。相当于except，意为「除…以外（不包括）」。例句I like all the subjects apart from English.除了英语外，其他学科我都喜欢。四岁以后，开始认字。I began to learn to read after I was four years of age.🎈「认字」即「开始读书」，故译为learn to read。关于年龄的表述1）人+be+数字+(years old) 某人几岁了例句The little girl is eight (years old).2）one’s age +be +数字 某人的年龄是多少例句My grandma’s age is eighty.3）in one’s +整十数的复数形式 某人的岁数是多少了例句(be) in one’s teens 十几岁（13-19岁）4）表示「不确定的岁数」时，可借助介词over, above, below, under等例句over/ above twenty 二十多岁5）一年四季可用来象征人一生的不同时期the spring 青春期the summer 壮年时期the autumn 中年和暮年the winter 老年时期例句My English teacher is in the summer of his life and he works very hard. 我的英语老师正当壮年，他工作很努力。六七岁就和我的堂兄表兄们同在家里读书。At about seven I took private lessons at home together with some male cousins of mine.🎈「在家里读书」即「私塾」，故译为take private lessons at home。他们比我大了四五岁，仍旧是玩不到一处，我常常一个人走到山上海边去。Being four or five years older than I, they never became my playmates. So I often went alone to enjoy myself in the mountains or by the seaside.🎈「常常一个人走到山上海边去」译为went alone to enjoy myself in the mountains or by the seaside，其中enjoy oneself为增译成分，去山上海边玩。那是极其熟识的环境，一草一石，一沙一沫，我都有无限的亲切。I was very familiar with the surrounding country, and over there I loved every blade of grass, every pebble, every grain of sand and every drop of water.🎈「一草一石，一沙一沫，我都有无限的亲切」意即「我喜欢每一片草，每一块石头，每一粒沙，每一滴水」，故译为I loved every blade of grass, every pebble, every grain of sand and every drop of water。我常常独步在沙岸上，看潮来的时候，仿佛天地都飘浮了起来！I would stroll along the seashore by myself. When the tide was coming in, I felt as if the whole universe were afloat in the air.🎈「仿佛天地都飘浮了起来」译为I felt as if the whole universe were afloat in the air，使用虚拟语气，故选用were。as if的虚拟条件1）从句表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑，谓语用过去时。例句I really don’t care for the way you’re speaking to me. It seems as if you were my father.2）从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。例句He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. 3）从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用would/could/might +do例句He opened his mouth as if he would sway something.注意：从句所表示内容是根据现在迹象做出推测，有可能发生，则用陈述语气。例句It looks as if we’ll be late. 潮退的时候，仿佛海岸和我都被吸卷了去！童稚的心，对着这亲切的“伟大”，常常感到怔忡。When the tide was ebbing, I felt as if I were being carried away by the receding waves along with the seashore. Faced with the endearing grandeur of nature, I often felt my young heart palpitating with awe.🎈「童稚的心，对着这亲切的‘伟大’，常常感到怔忡」意即「面对这亲切的大自然，我的幼小心灵常为之颤动」，故译为Faced with the endearing grandeur of nature, I often felt my young heart palpitating with awe，其中with awe（带着敬畏的心情）是增译成分。此句也可译为My young heart would often palpitate under the spell of the endearing grandeur of nature，其中spell作「魅力」「吸引」等解。黄昏时，休息的军号吹起，四山回响，声音凄壮而悠长，那熟识的调子，也使我莫名其妙的要下泪，我不觉得自己的“闷”，只觉得自己的“小”。At dusk, when the bugle announced the end of the day’s duty, its long-drawn-out sound, at once melancholy and stirring, reverberated throughout the surrounding mountains. And its familiar tunes would inexplicably call forth tears in my eyes. At the moment, instead of ennui, I had the feeling of being so small myself.🎈「休息的军号吹起」意即「傍晚时的军号意味着一天工作的结束」，故译为the bugle announced the end of the day’s duty。🎈drawn-out 意为拖得太久的；冗长的例句The road to peace will be long and drawn-out. 通往和平的道路将很漫长。🎈call forth意为唤起，使产生，使起作用例句Harsh times call for harsh measures. 艰难的时期要有强硬的对策。因着没有游伴，我很小就学习看书，得了个“好读书，不求甚解”的习惯。For lack of playmates, I often spent my time in learning to read and in time formed the habit of reading avidly without bothering to understand everything thoroughly.🎈「好读书，不求甚解」意即「喜欢读书，但不深挖其内涵」，故译为reading avidly without bothering to understand everything thoroughly。🎈for lack of 缺乏回顾一下lack的用法与搭配：1）表示「缺乏」，用作名词，是不可数名词；表示某一方面的缺乏，其后面接介词of例句Lack of time prevented me from writing. 我因为没有时间而没有写信。有时可与不定冠词连用例句There has been a great lack of water this summer.今天夏天很缺水。2）用作动词，表示“缺乏”，一般为及物动词，不要受名词用法的影响，在其后面用介词of例句They lacked the money to send him to university. 他们没钱送他上大学。3）be lacking为英语的惯用表达（其中lacking可视为形容词），其意为「缺乏」「不够」，可用人作主语，也可用缺乏的事物作主语；要表示在某一方面缺乏，用介词in例句He was not lacking in courage. = He lacks courage. 他不缺勇气。我的老师很爱我，常常教我背些诗句，我似懂似不懂的有时很能欣赏。My tutor, who was very affectionate towards me, wanted me to learn by heart some poems. I appreciated some of them very much though they were beyond my full comprehension.🎈who was very affectionate towards me为非限制性定语从句，修饰my tutor。🎈beyond my full comprehension 即超乎我的理解。beyond意为more than，超出，除…之外。比如那“前不见古人，后不见来者，念天地之悠悠，独怆然而涕下”。One of them is as follows: I fail to see the ancients before my time, Or after me the generations to come. Thinking of the eternity of Heaven and Earth, All alone, sadly I shed tears.🎈as follows意为如下。🎈对于诗句的翻译，可以参照许渊冲先生的“三美”原则—音美、意美、形美。音美为要和原诗一样有悦耳的旋律；意美为要和原诗一样能感动读者的心；形美为尽可能保持原诗的形式。许渊冲先生认为我们要在穿达原文意美的前提下，尽可能传达原文的音美；还要在传达原文意美和音美的前提下，尽可能传达原文的形美；努力做到三美齐备。我独立山头的时候，就常常默诵它。I often recited it silently while standing on top of a mountain.🎈默诵 recite it silently离我们最近的城市，就是烟台，父亲有时带我下去，赴宴会，逛天后宫，或是听戏。The town nearest to our home was Yantai. My father sometimes took me there to attend a banquet, visit Tian Hou Palace or see an opera.🎈赴宴会为attend a banquet🎈「听戏」此处指京剧Beijing Opera。父亲并不喜听戏，只因那时我正看《三国》，父亲就到戏园里点戏给我听，如《草船借箭》，《群英会》，《华容道》等。He was not fond of Beijing opera, but since he knew I was then reading the classical novel The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, he took me to a playhouse where he selected for performing some pieces based upon the episodes of the novel, such as “Arrows and the Straw-laden Boat”, “A Meeting of Heroes”, “Hua Rong Path”, etc. 🎈「父亲就到戏园里点戏给我听，如《草船借箭》，《群英会》，《华容道》等」译为he took me to a playhouse where he selected for performing some pieces based upon the episodes of the novel, such as “Arrows and the Straw-laden Boat”, “A Meeting of Heroes”, “Hua Rong Path”, etc，其中“some pieces based upon the episodes of the novel是增译成分，为读者解释《草船借箭》，《群英会》，《华容道》是《三国演义》中的片段。注意：英文中书名需要用斜体。（手写时在书名下加下划线或加双引号即可）看见书上的人物，走上舞台，虽然不懂得戏词，我也觉得很高兴。Although I couldn’t understand a line of them, I was nevertheless very much amused to see actors on the stage impersonating different characters of the novel.🎈「走上舞台」即上台表演，故译为impersonate different characters of the novel。所以我至今还不讨厌京戏。That’s why even to this day I have no aversion at all to Beijing opera.🎈对…厌恶 have aversion to再大一点，学会了些精致的淘气，我的玩具已从铲子和沙桶，进步到蟋蟀罐同风筝，As I grew older, I upgraded my juvenile pursuits. Crickets and kites took the place of shovels and sand pails as more advanced toys.🎈「学会了些精致的淘气」意即「有了更高级的玩具」或「获得了更高尚的消遣」，故译为I upgraded my juvenile pursuits。🎈「进步到」这一动词转换为名词more advanced toys。我收集美丽的小石子，在磁缸里养着，我学作诗，写章回小说，但都不能终篇，因为我的兴趣，仍在户外，低头伏案的时候很少。I collected colourful pebbles and kept them in a porcelain bowl. I tried my hand at writing poems and novels, but always left them unfinished because I was more interested in outdoor activities than sedentary work at home.🎈「磁缸」指的是「陶瓷做的碗」，故译为a porcelain bow。🎈「低头伏案」与「户外兴趣」相反，所以各自译为sedentary work at home、outdoor activities.父亲喜欢种花养狗，公余之暇，这是他唯一的消遣。My father was fond of planting flowers and keeping a dog, which was his only pastime in his after-office hours.🎈「公余之暇」即「下班后」，故译为after-office hours。因此我从小不怕动物，对于花木，更有普遍的爱好。Because of that, I’ve never been afraid of animals and always loved flowers and trees.🎈「普遍的爱好」即「总是喜欢」，故译always love。母亲不喜欢狗，却也爱花，夏夜我们常常在豆棚花架下，饮啤酒，汽水，乘凉。My mother also loved flowers, but she didn’t like dogs. In summer we often sat under the bean or flower trellises to enjoy the evening cool and drink beer or soda water.🎈乘凉 enjoy the evening cool，在此句中cool为名词。例句She walked into the cool of the hallway. 她走到凉快的走廊上。母亲很早就进去休息，父亲便带我到旗台上去看星，他指点给我各个星座的名称和位置。My mother kept early hours, so, after she went indoors, my father would take me to the naval ship bridge to watch the stars. He would point out various constellations and tell me their names and positions.🎈keep early hours意为「早睡早起」。他常常说：“你看星星不是很多很小，而且离我们很远么？但是我们海上的人一时都离不了它。He often said, “Look, the numerous stars are far away from us, but we sailors can’t for a single moment go without them.🎈「星星不是很多很小」进行了偏正转换很多的小星星，译为the numerous stars。在海上迷路的时候看见星星就如同看见家人一样。”When we get lost a sea, we’ll look to them like they were our dear folks.”🎈此处「如同」带有虚拟语气的含义，星星事实上并不是家人，故用were。 因此我至今爱星甚于爱月。Hence my lifelong preference of the stars over the moon.🎈此处将preference处理为动词亦可。prefer A to B父亲又常常带我去参观军舰，指点给我军舰上的一切，我只觉得处处都是整齐，清洁，光亮，雪白；心里总有说不出的赞叹同羡慕。My father often took me to a naval ship and showed me around. It aroused in me an inexpressible feeling of admiration to see everything on board so spick-and-span, and so glossy and spotlessly white.🎈「指点给我军舰上的一切」意即「带我参观」show me around，因此不必重复翻译。🎈「赞叹同羡慕」由admiration一词即可表达。我也常得亲近父亲的许多好友，如萨镇冰先生，黄赞侯先生。I also often had the opportunity of meeting many good friends of my father’s, among them Mr. Sa Zhenbing and Mr. Huang Zanhou. 🎈「亲近父亲的许多好友」意即「与父亲的好友见面」，故译为meet many good friends of my father’s。他们都是极严肃，同时又极慈蔼，生活是那样纪律，那样恬淡，他们也作诗，同父亲常常唱和，他们这一班人是当时文人所称为的“裘带歌壶，翩翩儒将”。They were as grave as kind, self-disciplined, and calm and modest. Sometimes, they also wrote poems, often in response to those by my father, on the same theme and using the same rhyme pattern. They were among those described as “scholar-generals” by the literati of those days.🎈「他们也作诗，同父亲常常唱和」译为they also wrote poems, often in response to those by my father, on the same theme and using the same rhyme pattern，因为中文诗讲究主题和韵律，所以父亲和友人对诗作乐，十分儒雅。我当时的理想，是想学父亲，学父亲的这些好友，并不曾想到我的“性”阻止了我作他们的追随者。It was my ardent dream then to make a “scholar-general” of myself by following in the footsteps of my father and his friends, unaware that being a female, I was disqualified from becoming their disciple.🎈「并不曾想到我的‘性’阻止了我作他们的追随者」译为unaware that being a female, I was disqualified from becoming their disciple。「我的‘性’」意即「作为一个女性」，故译being a female；「阻止了我……」意即「没有资格」，故译为was disqualified from。又，「追随者」译成disciple或follower皆可。这种生活一直连续到了十一岁，此后我们回到故乡——福州——去，生活起了很大的转变。All that lasted until I returned with my folks to my home town Fuzhou at the age of eleven. 🎈回顾一下last的相关用法：一、用作动词1. 表示「持续」，是不及物动词，其后长接表示时间的名词或副词（主要是long）；后接名词时根据情况可用介词for（可省去）,till, until, into, from … to等。例句The war lasted (for) five years. 战争打了五年。2. 有时可用人作主语。例句He won’t last long in that job— it’s too tough.他做那工作坚持不了多久—那工作太难了。3. 有时表示「够用（多久）」或「用了（多久）」，此时可带一个间接宾语，但不用于被动语态。例句The food will last (us) (for) three days. 这食物可以供（我们）吃3天。二、用作定语例句They drank up the last of the wine. 他们喝光了最后一滴酒。三、last用作名词时，其复数形式不变例句He was the last to come.他是最后一个来的。四、与week, month, year, Sunday, spring等之类的词连用时，其前一般不用in, on, at等介词。例句He stopped smoking last week. 他上周戒烟了。我也不能不感谢这个转变！十岁以前的训练，若再继续下去，我就很容易变成一个男性的女人，心理也许就不会健全。I cannot help feeling grateful now for the drastic change it brought to my life. Had I continued the training I had been undergoing before I was eleven, I might have become very masculine and mentally unhealthy.🎈「我也不能不感谢这个转变」译为I cannot help feeling grateful now for the drastic change it brought to my life，其中drastic为增译成分，虽无其词却有其意，显示这是个巨大的转变，给“我”的人生带来很大的影响。🎈it bought to my life作为定语从句修饰the drastic change，省略了关系代词that。🎈「若再继续下去，我就很容易变成一个男性的女人，心理也许就不会健全」此句译文使用虚拟语气。「变成一个男性的女人」即「变得男性化」，故译为become very masculine。因着这个转变，我才渐渐的从父亲身边走到母亲的怀里，而开始我的少女时期了。Thanks to this change, I gradually moved away from my father’s side and back to my mother’s embrace, thus living the life of a young girl.🎈thus living the life of a young girl为独立主格结构，因主语相同且为主动语态，故将live变为living。童年的印象和事实，遗留在我的性格上的，第一是我对于人生态度的严肃，我喜欢整齐，纪律，清洁的生活，我怕看怕听放诞，散漫，松懈的一切。The experience I gained in childhood has impressed the following on my character: First, I keep an earnest attitude towards life. I love orderliness, discipline and cleanliness. I hate to see or hear of things absurd, undisciplined or slack.🎈「童年的印象和事实」意即「童年经历过的事情」，故译为The experience I gained in childhood 。🎈「我对于人生态度的严肃」意即「我对生活持有一种认真的态度」，故译为I keep an earnest attitude towards life。第二是我喜欢空阔高远的环境，我不怕寂寞，不怕静独，我愿意常将自己消失在空旷辽阔之中。Secondly, I love an open and high environment. I’m not afraid of loneliness and seclusion. I’m willing often to get myself lost in wide open spaces.🎈不怕寂寞，不怕静独 be not afraid of loneliness and seclusion 因此一到了野外，就如同回到了故乡，我不喜城居，怕应酬，我没有城市的嗜好。Therefore, the moment I’m in an open country, I’ll immediately feel like being back in my old home. I don’t like to live in a city. I’m afraid of socializing. I don’t crave for things urban.🎈「怕应酬」即「害怕社交」，故译为I’m afraid of socializing。🎈「我没有城市的嗜好」即「我不喜欢城市」，故译为I don’t crave for things urban。🎈表示「一…就」的词组：immediately, as soon as, hardly… when, scarcely… when, no sooner … than, the instant, instantly, directly, the moment第三是我不喜欢穿鲜艳颜色的衣服，我喜欢的是黑色，蓝色，灰色，白色。Thirdly, I always prefer to be dressed in black, blue, grey and white rather than gay colours.🎈相比A更喜欢B prefer to B rather than A 有时母亲也勉强我穿过一两次稍为鲜艳的衣服，我总觉得很忸怩，很不自然，穿上立刻就要脱去，关于这一点，我觉得完全是习惯的关系，On a couple of occasions, I did wear bright-coloured dresses at my mother’s insistence, which made me feel so awkward and uncomfortable that I had soon to take them off. However, I think all that is just a matter of habit.🎈在此句中，译者将原文中「母亲勉强我」译为at my mother’s insistence，使其在句中充当状语成分，成功地将长短句变成短语，地道简洁。🎈which…为非限制性定语从句其实在美好的品味之下，少女爱好天然，是应该“打扮”的！In fact, it’s quite all right for young girls to be “decked out” to follow their natural inclination for beauty so long as it is in good taste.🎈「少女爱好天然」意即「女孩爱美是天性」，故译为their natural inclination for beauty。第四是我喜欢爽快，坦白，自然的交往。Fourthly, I like to be straightforward, frank and unaffected in associating with other people.🎈「自然」即「不做作」，故译为unaffected。我很难勉强我自己做些不愿意做的事，见些不愿意见的人，吃些不愿意吃的饭！母亲常说这是“任性”之一种，不能成为“伟大”的人格。I never force myself to do what I’m unwilling to do, meet people I don’t want to meet or eat meals I dislike. Hence my mother said I was sort of a wilful child destined to get nowhere.🎈「很难勉强」即「很少勉强」，故译为never force myself to do。🎈「不能成为‘伟大’的人格」意即「注定无所作为、注定没出息」，故译为destined to get nowhere或destined to be a good-for-nothing，其中destined作「注定」「必将」解。第五是我一生对于军人普遍的尊敬，军人在我心中是高尚，勇敢，纪律的结晶。Fifthly, I respect soldiers all my life. To me, they are the embodiment of nobility, courage and discipline.🎈…的结晶 the embodiment of …关系军队的一切，我也都感到兴趣。I am interested in everything associated with the armed forces.🎈associated with the armed forces 作为后置定语修饰everything。说到童年，我常常感谢我的好父母，Talking of my childhood, I’m forever grateful to my good parents.🎈此处「常常」意即「永远」，故译为forever。他们养成我一种恬淡，“返乎自然”的习惯，他们给我一个快乐清洁的环境，因此，在任何环境里都能自足，知足。To them I owe my habit of living a quiet and simple life and my “back to nature” propensity. They gave me a happy and clean environment so that I am now able to feel content under any circumstances.🎈「恬淡」即「安静简单」，故译为quiet and simple。🎈「自足，知足」重复了含义，译文中则无需重复，直接译为feel content即可。我尊敬生命，宝爱生命，我对于人类没有怨恨，我觉得许多缺憾是可以改进的，只要人们有决心，肯努力。I have a deep respect and love for life. I have no grievances against humanity. I think many human failings can be remedied so long as people strive with firm determination.🎈「许多缺憾是可以改进的」意即「许多失败是可以挽救的」，故译为many human failings can be remedied。🎈有决心，肯努力 strive with firm determination 我不但常常感念我的父母，我也常常警惕我们应当怎样做父母。Not only do I always remember my parents with gratitude, I also always bear in mind how we should behave ourselves as parents.🎈not only作为状语置于句首时，要用部分倒装。🔥必背词汇etch v. 〔经历、姓名等〕铭刻在记忆中/脑海里英义be etched on / in your memory / mind literary if an experience, name etc is etched on your memory or mind, you cannot forget it and you think of it often例句The island remained etched in my memory.那座岛屿一直让我铭记在心。reluctance n. 勉强，不情愿英义when someone is unwilling to do something, or when they do something slowly to show that they are not very willing例句Wells finally agreed, but with reluctance.韦尔斯最终同意了，但很勉强。reminisce v. 回忆，追忆，缅怀(昔日的快乐时光)英义to think, talk or write about a happy time in your past例句We spent a happy evening reminiscing about the past.我们一晚上回忆往事，感到很愉快。sketch v. 简述，概述英义also sketch out to describe something in a general way, giving the basic ideas例句Holford sketched a 10-year programme for rebuilding the city.霍尔福德简单介绍了城市重建的十年规划。upbringing n. 抚育，养育; 培养; 教养英义the way that your parents care for you and teach you to behave when you are growing up例句Mike had had a strictupbringing.迈克从小家教很严。liable adj. 易出问题的; 易得病的英义likely to be affected by a particular kind of problem, illness etc例句You’re more liable to injury when you don’t get regular exercise.不经常锻炼更容易受伤。barrack n. 兵营；营房例句an army barracks in the north of the city城北部的军营ailing adj. 有病的；体弱的英义ill / sick and not improving例句She looked after her ailing father. 她照顾她有病的父亲。 magazine n. 弹药库；军火库；军械库英义a room or building where weapons, explosives and bullets are storedamiable adj. 和蔼可亲的；亲切友好的英义pleasant; friendly and easy to like例句an amiable tone of voice 亲切的声调 endearing adj.令人爱慕的；惹人喜爱的；讨人喜欢的 英义causing people to feel affection例句an endearing habit 讨人喜欢的习惯 palpitate v. 急速跳动，悸动(尤指因恐惧或兴奋)to beat rapidly and / or in an irregular way especially because of fear or excitementreverberate v.回响；回荡 英义to be repeated several times as it is reflected off different surfaces例句Her voice reverberated around the hall. 她的声音在大厅里回荡。 ennui n. 〔对生活的〕倦怠，无聊，厌倦英义a feeling of being tired, bored, and unsatisfied with your lifeladen adj. 载满的；装满的英义heavily loaded with sth例句passengers laden with luggage 携带大批行李的旅客 impersonate v. 〔尤指为逗人发笑而〕模仿〔某人的说话、动作〕英义to copy someone’s voice and behaviour, especially in order to make people laugh例句In the film he amusingly impersonates a woman.影片中他总是可笑地模仿一个女人。pastime n. 消遣，娱乐英义something that you do because you think it is enjoyable or interesting例句Reading was her favourite pastime.阅读是她最喜爱的消遣方式。propensity n. (行为方面的)倾向；习性英义a tendency to a particular kind of behaviour 例句He showed a propensity for violence. 他表现出暴力倾向。 🔥重点词组往往做某事，倾向于做某事 be inclined to do sth.刻在……上 be etched/ embedded/ engraved in避免做某事 keep/ refrain from doing sth.下笔 set pen to paper欣然 without reluctance容易患……病 be liable to 一名海军将领 a high-ranking naval office火药库 powder magazines和蔼质朴 amiable and unsophisticated巨大改变 drastic change装饰，打扮 deck out…的结晶 the embodiment of生命中最深刻的一段 the most significant part of one’s life在回忆中充满了含泪的微笑 smile with tears in my eyes while reminiscing 约略的画出我童年的环境和训练 sketch out my childhood environment and upbringing遗留在我的嗜好或习惯上的一切 the hobbies and habits that have since remained with me无疾而终 die without illness在病榻上躺过 be confined to bed by sickness= lie on a sickbed一生下来就夭折了 die soon after they were born野孩子 a naughty little boy没有穿过鲜艳的衣服 never wear colours 得到了连一般男子都得不到的经验 acquire experience beyond the reach of even an average male adult许多海上新奇悲壮的故事 many a strange story about tragic and stirring incidents at sea同在家里读书 take private lessons at home together独步在沙滩上 stroll along the seashore by oneself“好读书，不求甚解”的习惯 the habit of reading avidly without bothering to understand everything thoroughly 草船借箭 arrows and the straw-laden boat不讨厌京戏 have no aversion at all to Peking opera公余之暇 in his after-office hours心里总有说不出的赞叹同羡慕 arise in sb. an inexpressible feeling of admiration 做他们的追随者 become their disciple开始我的少女时期 live the life of a young girl怕看怕听放诞，散漫，松懈的一切 hate to see or hear of things of absurd, undisciplined, or slack对人生态度的严肃 keep an earnest attitude towards life有城市的嗜好 crave for things urban养成一种恬淡，“返乎自然”的习惯 live a quiet and simple life and my “back to nature” propensity对人类没有怨恨 have no grievances against humanity有决心肯努力 strive with firm determination 警惕我们应当怎样做父母 bear in mind how we should behave ourselves as parents🔥复盘测试往往做某事，倾向于做某事刻在……上避免做某事下笔欣然容易患……病一名海军将领火药库和蔼质朴巨大改变装饰，打扮…的结晶生命中最深刻的一段 在回忆中充满了含泪的微笑 约略的画出我童年的环境和训练 遗留在我的嗜好或习惯上的一切 无疾而终 在病榻上躺过 一生下来就夭折了 野孩子 没有穿过鲜艳的衣服 得到了连一般男子都得不到的经验 许多海上新奇悲壮的故事 同在家里读书 独步在沙滩上 “好读书，不求甚解”的习惯 草船借箭 不讨厌京戏 公余之暇 心里总有说不出的赞叹同羡慕做他们的追随者 开始我的少女时期 怕看怕听放诞，散漫，松懈的一切对人生态度的严肃 有城市的嗜好 养成一种恬淡，“返乎自然”的习惯 对人类没有怨恨 有决心肯努力 警惕我们应当怎样做父母 🔥表达对比关于「高兴」的不同表达今天忽然听说北京大学要开一个运动会，这个消息使我很高兴。Today I was very happy to hear that Peking University was about to schedule a sports meet.我希望许多同学都来这运动会场上尝尝少年的高兴，——把那斯文的老景暂时丢在讲堂上或寄宿舍里！I hope all my students will be present at the playing field to taste the joy of youthfulness and temporarily leave behind their “scholarly dignity” in the classroom or dormitory.“可不是么！”他高兴了。“Isn’t it?” the slave followed up with exaltation.“一家人家生了一个男孩，合家高兴透顶了。“When a baby boy is born to a family, there is immense joy in the whole household.看见书上的人物，走上舞台，虽然不懂得戏词，我也觉得很高兴。Although I couldn’t understand a line of them, I was nevertheless very much amused to see actors on the stage impersonating different characters of the novel.
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爱是一颗心遇到另一颗心（出处+配图） 
