吴伯箫《山屋》 -英语翻译教程-中英双语赏析

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山屋

吴伯箫

屋是挂在山坡上的。门窗开处便都是山。不叫它别墅，因为不是旁宅支院颐养避暑的地方；唤作什么楼也不妥，因为一底一顶，顶上就正对着天空。无以名之，就姑且直呼为山屋吧，那是很有点老实相的。

搬来山屋，已非一朝一夕了；刚来记得是初夏，现在已慢慢到了春天呢。忆昔人山时候，常常感到一种莫名的寂寞，原来地方太偏僻，离街市太远啊。可是习惯自然了，浸假又爱了它的幽静；何况市镇边缘上的山，山坡上的房屋，终究还具备着市廛与山林两面的佳胜呢。想热闹，就跑去繁嚣的市内；爱清闲，就索性锁在山里，是两得其便左右逢源的。倘若你来，于山屋，你也会喜欢它的吧？傍山人家，是颇有情趣的。

譬如说，在阳春三月，微微煦暖的天气，使你干什么都感到几分慵倦；再加整天的忙碌，到晚上你不会疲惫得像一只晒腻了太阳的猫么？打打舒身都嫌烦。一头栽到床上，怕就蜷伏着昏昏人睡了。活像一条死猪。熟睡中，踢来拌去的乱梦，梦味儿都是淡淡的。心同躯壳是同样的懒啊。几乎可以说是泥醉着，糊涂着，乏不可耐。可是大大的睡了一场，寅卯时分，你的梦境不是忽然透出了一丝绿莹莹的微光么，像东风吹过经冬的衰草似的，展眼就青到了天边。恍恍惚惚的，屋前屋后有一片啾唧哳哳的闹声，像是姑娘们吵嘴，又像一群活泼泼的孩子在嘈杂乱唱；兀的不知怎么一来，那里“支幽”一响，你就醒了。立刻你听到了满山满谷的鸟叫。缥缥渺遥的那里的钟声；也嗡嗡的传了过来。你睁开了眼，窗帘后一缕明亮，给了你一个透底的清醒。靠左边一点，石工们在丁咚的凿石声中，说着呜呜噜噜的话；稍偏右边，得得的马蹄声又仿佛一路轻的撒上了山去。一切带来的是个满心的欢笑啊。那时你还能躺在床上么？不，你会霍然一跃就起来的。衣裳都来不及披一件，先就跳下床来打开窗子。那窗外像笑着似的处女的阳光，一扑就扑了你个满怀。

“呵，新的灵魂，我们在平静而清冷的早晨找到我们自己了。”

——惠特曼《草叶集》

那阳光洒下一屋的愉快，你自己不是都几乎笑了么？通身的轻松。那山上一抹嫩绿的颜色，使你深深的吸一口气，清爽是透到脚底的。瞧着那窗外的一丛迎春花，你自己也仿佛变作了它的一枝。

我知道你是不暇妆梳的，随便穿了穿衣裳，就跑上山去了。一路，鸟儿们飞着叫着的赶着问“早啊？早啊？”的话，闹得简直不像样子。戴了朝露的那山草野花，遍山弥漫着，也懂事不懂事似的直对你额首微笑，受宠若惊，你忽然骄蹇，迈着昂藏的脚步三跨就跨上了山巅。你挺直了腰板，要大声嚷出什么来，可是怕喊破了那清朝静穆的美景，你又没嚷，只高高的伸出了你粗壮的两臂，像要拥抱那个温都的娇阳似的，很久很久，你忘掉了你自己。自然融化了你，你也将自然融化了。等到你有空再眺望一下那山根尽头的大海的时候，看它展开着万顷碧浪，翻掀着千种金波，灵机一动，你主宰了山，海，宇宙全在你的掌握中了。

下山，路那边邻家的小孩子，苹果脸映着旭阳，正向你闪闪招手，烂漫的笑不会赶着问她，“宝宝起这样早哇？姐姐呢？”再一会，山屋里的人就是满口的歌声了。再一会，山屋右近的路上，就是逛山的人格格的笑语了。

要是夏天，晌午阳光正毒，在别处是热得汤煮似的了，山屋里却还保持着相当的凉爽，坡上是通风的。四周的山松也有够浓的荫凉。敞着窗，躺在床上，噪耳的蝉声中你睡着了，噪耳的蝉声中你又醒了。没人逛山。樵夫也正傍了山石打盹儿。市声又远远的，只有三五个苍蝇，嗡飞到了这里，嗡又飞到了那里。老鼠都会瞅空出来看看景的吧，“蝉噪林逾静，鸟鸣山更幽，”心跳都听得见扑腾呢。你说，山屋里的人，不该是无怀氏之民么？

夏夜，自是更好。天刚黑，星就悄悄的亮了。流萤点点，像小灯笼，像飞花。檐边有吱吱叫的蝙蝠，张着膜翅凭了羞光的眼在摸索乱飞。远处有乡村味的犬吠，也有都市味的火车的汽笛。几丈外谁在毕剥的拍得蒲扇响呢？突然你听见耳有边的蚊子薨薨了。这样，不怕露冷，山屋门前坐到丙夜是无碍的。

可是，我得告诉你，秋来的山屋是不大好斗的啊。若然你不时时刻刻咬紧了牙，记牢自己是个男子，并且想着“英国的孩子是不哭的”那句名言的话，你真挡不了有时候要落泪呢。黄昏，正自无聊的当儿，阴沉沉的天却又淅淅沥沥的落起雨来。不紧也不慢，不疏也不密，滴滴零零，抽丝似的，人的愁绪可就细细的长了。真愁人啊！想来个朋友谈谈天吧，老长的山道上却连把雨伞的影子也没有；喝点酒解解闷吧，又往那里去找个把牧童借问酒家何处呢？你听，偏偏墙角的秋虫又凄凄切切唧唧而吟了。呜呼，山屋里的人其不但然蹙眉颓然告病者，怕极稀矣，极稀矣！凑巧，就是那晚上，不，应当说是夜里，夜至中宵。没有闭紧的窗后，应着潇潇的雨声冷冷的虫声，不远不近，袭来了一片野兽踏落叶的悉索声。呕吼呕吼，接二连三的嗥叫，告诉你那是一只饿狼或是一匹讥狐的时候，喂，伙计，你的头皮不会发胀么？好家伙！真得要蒙蒙头。

虽然，“采菊东篱下”，陶彭泽的逸兴还是不浅的。

最可爱，当然数冬深。山屋炉边围了几个要好的朋友，说着话，暖烘烘的。有人吸着烟，有人就偎依在床上，唏嘘也好，争辩也好，锁口默然也好，态度却都是那样谆朴诚恳的。回忆着华年旧梦的有，希冀着来日尊荣的有，发着牢骚，大夸其企图与雄心的也有。怒来拍一顿桌子，三句话没完却又笑了。那怕当面骂人呢，该骂的是不会见怪的，山屋里没有“官话”啊，要讲“官话”，他们指给你，说：“你瞧，那座亮堂堂的奏着军乐的，请移驾那楼上去吧。”

若有三五乡老，晚饭后咳嗽了一阵，拖着厚棉鞋提了长烟袋相将而来，该是欢迎的吧？进屋随便坐下，便尔开始了那短短长长的闲话。说到了长毛，说到了红枪会，说到了税，捐，拿名粮食换不出钱，乡里的灾害，兵匪的骚扰，希望中的太平丰年及怕着的天下行将大乱。说一阵，笑一阵，就鞋底上磕磕烟灰，大声的打个呵欠，“天不早了。”“总快鸡叫了。”要走，却不知门开处已落了满地的雪呢。

急急收场：“雪夜闭户读禁书。”你瞧，这半支残烛，正是一个好伴儿。

山屋

吴伯箫

Mountain House

—By Wu Boxiao

屋是挂在山坡上的。门窗开处便都是山。

The house is perched on the hillside. Outside the doors and windows stands a line of hills.

🎈 perch on…

1）坐在…边缘；坐在…顶端

坐在床边perch on the side of the bed

坐在沙发沿上perch on the edge of the sofa

2）在…顶部；在…边缘

一所位于山顶的小学院a small college perched high up in the hills

不叫它别墅，因为不是旁宅支院颐养避暑的地方；唤作什么楼也不妥，因为一底一顶，顶上就正对着天空。无以名之，就姑且直呼为山屋吧，那是很有点老实相的。

It cannot be called a villa, for it has no wings on both sides, and it was not built to keep fit or escape summer. Yet it cannot be called a mansion either, for it has only one story, with its roof directly facing the sky. As it has no proper name, we might as well just call it mountain house for now.

🎈wing n. (建筑的)侧翼，耳房

one of the parts of a large building that sticks out from the main part

the east wing东翼楼

the new wing of the hospital与医院一侧相连的新楼房

🎈story或stoery指「楼层」

数字-story/stoery指「有…层高的」

a modern three-storey building 三层高的现代化大楼

搬来山屋，已非一朝一夕了；刚来记得是初夏，现在已慢慢到了春天呢。

I have lived in the house for some time. It was early summer when I first came in, and now it is already spring.

🎈初夏 early summer

暮春 late spring

忆昔人山时候，常常感到一种莫名的寂寞，原来地方太偏僻，离街市太远啊。

In the beginning, I used to feel an inexplicable melancholy, for the house is rather out of the way, distant from the town.

🎈 偏僻，人迹罕至out of the way

out-of-the-way adj.偏僻的，人迹罕至的

人迹罕至的地方an out-of-the-way spot

可是习惯自然了，浸假又爱了它的幽静；何况市镇边缘上的山，山坡上的房屋，终究还具备着市廛与山林两面的佳胜呢。

Still, familiarity makes things seem natural. After my long stay here, I have fallen for its privacy. Besides, with both the hills at the edge of the town and the house on the hillside, after all, I have the virtues of both town and country life.

🎈爱上，倾心于 fall for…

孙福熙《出游》

听他（溪水）从很远的地方流来，又流到很远的地方去，我们看中这条水了。

Hearing the creek murmuring in the distance and babbling to far-off regions, we could not help falling for it.

🎈 with复合结构在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常做伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。常见形式有七种，with+名词/代词+介词短语（形容词/副词/名词/done/-ing分词/to do）

想热闹，就跑去繁嚣的市内；爱清闲，就索性锁在山里，是两得其便左右逢源的。

For excitement, I rush to the bustling town; to enjoy peace and quiet, I simply shut myself up in the hills. I have convenience and advantages of both town and country.

🎈此处For excitement和to enjoy peace and quiet作状语表条件，相当于if引导的条件状语从句。

🎈bustling adj繁忙的，熙熙攘攘的.

full of people moving about in a busy way

熙熙攘攘的城市a bustling city

手忙脚乱，奔忙，忙碌bustling around

🎈 shut sb up

1）关在…

例句

The thief was shut up in prison.

那小偷被监禁在狱中。

2）使住口

例句

A sharp put-down was the only way to shut her up.

对她冷嘲热讽是让她闭嘴的唯一方法。

倘若你来，于山屋，你也会喜欢它的吧？傍山人家，是颇有情趣的。

If you come, you will surely love the mountain house. Life in the hills is so appealing and tasteful!

🎈吸引人的 appealing, captivating, attractive, tempting, intriguing, fascinating, amazing

譬如说，在阳春三月，微微煦暖的天气，使你干什么都感到几分慵倦；再加整天的忙碌，到晚上你不会疲惫得像一只晒腻了太阳的猫么？打打舒身都嫌烦。

In the third lunar month of late spring, for instance, the lukewarm weather often leaves you drowsy and exhausted, no matter what you are about to do. At night, after a long day’s hard work, you will surely become as languid as a cat basking in the warm sunshine. Nothing can make you budge.

🎈阳春三月：指农历的三月。

🎈 budge v. 轻微移动，挪动 to move slightly

例句

The dog refused to budge.

狗不肯动弹。

一头栽到床上，怕就蜷伏着昏昏人睡了。活像一条死猪。

Tumble into bed and you will curl up like a pig!

🎈钻到床上，栽到床上slip/tumble into bed

🎈蜷曲着躺（或坐）curl up/be curled up

例句

She curled up and closed her eyes.

她蜷成一团，闭上了眼睛。

熟睡中，踢来拌去的乱梦，梦味儿都是淡淡的。心同躯壳是同样的懒啊。几乎可以说是泥醉着，糊涂着，乏不可耐。

In your slumber, dreams come thick and fast, but they are nothing out of the ordinary. The soul is as lazy and listless as the body, as if it were dead drunk, befuddled, and fatigued.

🎈又快又多，频频 thick and fast

例句

Questions were coming at them thick and fast.

问题铺天盖地向他们而来。

🎈nothing out of the ordinary双重否定表肯定，意同something ordinary。丰子恺《车厢社会》中有「可笑者，乘火车原来也是一件平常的事」

I feel amazed because a train ride should be nothing out of the ordinary…

🎈烂醉be dead drunk

可是大大的睡了一场，寅卯时分，你的梦境不是忽然透出了一丝绿莹莹的微光么，像东风吹过经冬的衰草似的，展眼就青到了天边。

After a good night’s sleep, dawn brings a shimmer of green light into your dreams, like a gust of spring breeze blowing through withered grass. The horizons turn to green in the twinkling of an eye.

🎈shimmer n. 闪烁的光 a shining light that seems to move slightly

a shimmer of moonlight in the dark sky黑暗的夜空中忽明忽暗的月光

🎈一阵风a gust of wind

其中，gust或wind前可增添形容词，进一步说明风的特征。如此处的「一阵冷风a gust of cold wind」「忽然一阵风at a sudden gust of wind」

🎈枯草withered grass

🎈转眼间、一瞬间、眨眼间in the twinkling of an eye

恍恍惚惚的，屋前屋后有一片啾唧哳哳的闹声，像是姑娘们吵嘴，又像一群活泼泼的孩子在嘈杂乱唱；兀的不知怎么一来，那里“支幽”一响，你就醒了。

In a trance, you feel the house inundated by a sea of jabbering sounds. As if little girls are bickering, or vivacious children are singing off-key. Suddenly there comes a creaking noise, and you awake.

🎈inundate

1）v.淹没，泛滥

例句

Their neighbourhood is being inundated by the rising waters of the Colorado River.

他们的街区正被科罗拉多河上涨的河水淹没。

2）v.使应接不暇；使不胜负荷 （与with搭配）

例句

Her office was inundated with requests for tickets.

她所在的售票处收到铺天盖地的购票请求。

They have inundated me with fan letters.

他们转给我的粉丝来信让我应接不暇。

🎈bicker v. 斗嘴；争吵

to argue about things that are not important

为某事斗嘴 bicker about/over sth

🎈 off-key adj.不在调的，走调的

唱歌跑调sing off-key

立刻你听到了满山满谷的鸟叫。缥缥渺遥的那里的钟声；也嗡嗡的传了过来。

Instantly, you hear the birds twittering from all the mountains and valleys. Then, out of nowhere comes an indistinct buzzing—a temple bell is being tolled in the distance.

🎈twitter指鸟吱喳，唧啾、嘁嘁喳喳地说。

美国知名社交网络及微博客服务的网站Twitter（中文统称推特）的标志便是一只蓝色小鸟图标，这只小鸟仅由重叠的圆圈设计而成，象征着通过网络，网友们的兴趣和思想相连相交。

🎈toll v. (缓慢反复地)敲钟，鸣(丧钟);钟鸣响

when a bell tolls or sb tolls it, it is rung slowly many times, especially as a sign that sb has died

例句

The revolution <tolled the death knell> (= signalled the end) for the Russian monarchy.

那场革命敲响了俄国君主制的丧钟。

你睁开了眼，窗帘后一缕明亮，给了你一个透底的清醒。

The moment you open your eyes, a thread of bright light behind the curtain sobers your mind.

🎈The moment+从句，表示「一……就……」，moment和从句之间不能再插入任何成分。类似的用法还有The minute/second/instant+从句。

靠左边一点，石工们在丁咚的凿石声中，说着呜呜噜噜的话；稍偏右边，得得的马蹄声又仿佛一路轻的撒上了山去。

To the left, masons are mumbling away amid the dingdong of stones and chisels; on the right, horses seem to be scattering the soft clatter of their hooves amongst the hills.

🎈scatter v.使分散，使散布在各处，使散开

If a group of people scatter or if you scatter them, they suddenly separate and move in different directions.

clatter n.嗒嗒声

嗒嗒的马蹄声the clatter of horses’ hoofs

一切带来的是个满心的欢笑啊。那时你还能躺在床上么？不，你会霍然一跃就起来的。衣裳都来不及披一件，先就跳下床来打开窗子。那窗外像笑着似的处女的阳光，一扑就扑了你个满怀。

What a joy all this brings! How can you stay in bed? Promptly you will leap out of bed and open the window before dressing. The sunlight, like a smiling maiden, immediately throws herself into your arms.

🎈岂能/怎能……？How could/can…?

庐隐《恋爱不是游戏》

……但他若不曾了解现世，他又怎能勘破现世，而跳出三界外呢？

But, without a full knowledge of this life, how could they see through the vanity of human society and make a clean break with this mortal world?

🎈maiden n.少女，姑娘a young girl or woman.

🎈将……投入……throw…into…

朝某人扑个满怀 throw oneself into sb’s arms

“呵，新的灵魂，我们在平静而清冷的早晨找到我们自己了。”

——惠特曼《草叶集》

“We found our own O my soul in the calm and cool of the daybreak.”

—by Walt Whitman in Leaves of Grass

🎈《草叶集》（Leaves of Grass）是美国诗人沃尔特·惠特曼创作的浪漫主义诗集，首次出版于1855年，共收有诗歌300余首。诗歌奔腾壮阔，大气飞扬，汪洋恣肆，豪放不羁；使用朴实粗犷的语言，创造出独具一格的自由体，近于口语，节奏鲜明。它开创了一代诗风，对美国诗坛产生过很大的影响。

那阳光洒下一屋的愉快，你自己不是都几乎笑了么？通身的轻松。

The sun sprinkles the room with happiness. Are you almost smiling to yourself? You feel relaxed all over.

🎈在A上撒下B  sprinkle A with B

例句

She sprinkled the strawberries with sugar.

她在草莓上撒了点糖。

🎈到处，处处 all over

萧红《当铺》

……他把包袱仿佛要丢在我的头上，他十分不耐烦的样子。

…… Impatience was written all over his face as if he were about to throw the bundle onto my head.

那山上一抹嫩绿的颜色，使你深深的吸一口气，清爽是透到脚底的。瞧着那窗外的一丛迎春花，你自己也仿佛变作了它的一枝。

A touch of light green on the mountainside takes your breath away. How refreshing! Seeing the winter jasmines outside the window, you feel as if you were one of them.

🎈一点、有点a touch of

巴金《木匠老陈》

他摇摇头微微笑道，他的笑容里带了一点悲哀。

He shook his head, wearing a faint smile with a touch of sorrow.

🎈 as if 从句用虚拟语气，当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。

我知道你是不暇妆梳的，随便穿了穿衣裳，就跑上山去了。一路，鸟儿们飞着叫着的赶着问“早啊？早啊？”的话，闹得简直不像样子。

Often too busy to dress up, you slip into a coat and stroll up the hill. All the way birds fly about and chirp aloud，vying to greet you with “Morning, Sir”; the hills are immediately set bustling with noise and excitement.

🎈装扮，打扮dress up

🎈all the way

1）一路上；自始至终=whole the way

例句

She didn’t speak a word to me all the way back home.

回家的一路上，她没对我说过一句话。

2）完全地，无保留地

例句

I’m fighting him all the way.

我在全力和他对抗。

戴了朝露的那山草野花，遍山弥漫着，也懂事不懂事似的直对你额首微笑，受宠若惊，你忽然骄蹇，迈着昂藏的脚步三跨就跨上了山巅。

The green grass and wild flowers, which spread all over the hills, are moistened with morning dews. They knowingly or unknowingly bow their heads with smiles. Flattered, you hasten your pace and stride up to the hilltop.

🎈knowingly adv. 故意地，蓄意地

If you do something knowingly, you do it knowing what will be its likely effect

例句

She was accused of knowingly making a false statement to the police.

她被指控故意向警方提供虚假供词。

🎈形容词Flattered作主语you的补足语。形容词做主补，一般要用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开来。

你挺直了腰板，要大声嚷出什么来，可是怕喊破了那清朝静穆的美景，你又没嚷，只高高的伸出了你粗壮的两臂，像要拥抱那个温都的娇阳似的，很久很久，你忘掉了你自己。

Upon reaching the peak, you hold yourself ramrod straight and feel like shouting at the top of your voice, but hold back for fear of piercing the early morning peace and quiet. Instead, you throw up your brawny arms as if to embrace the warm, beautiful sun and remain motionless as if forgetting yourself.

🎈upon/on + noun.或upon/on + V-ing在句中作时间状语，表示「一…就…」，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。

🎈腰杆笔直，挺立 ramrod straight/ as straight as a ramrod

例句

They all rose right up toward the surface of the ocean. Every filament or ribbon, no matter how thin, stood ramrod straight.

所有草木都笔直伸向洋面。没有枝条，没有叶带，不管怎么细小，都是笔直的，像铁杆一般。

🎈感觉，想要，欲 feel like

老舍《想北平》

我想到她的健康而不放心的时候，我欲落泪。

I feel like crying when I worry about mother’s health.

🎈抑制住,忍住(眼泪、笑声等) hold back

例句

She kept trying to hold back her tears.

她一直在试图抑制住眼泪。

🎈唯恐，以免 for fear of (doing) sth/ for fear that…

例句

I had to run away for fear (that) he might one day kill me.

我只好逃走，生怕他有一天把我杀了。

🎈brawny adj. 健壮的，肌肉发达的

having strong muscles

a brawny young man 肌肉发达的小伙子

自然融化了你，你也将自然融化了。

You have melted into nature and nature has melted into you.

🎈逐渐融入……，与……融为一体 melt into…

例句

The youths dispersed and melted into the darkness.

年轻人散开了，消失在夜幕之中。

等到你有空再眺望一下那山根尽头的大海的时候，看它展开着万顷碧浪，翻掀着千种金波，灵机一动，你主宰了山，海，宇宙全在你的掌握中了。

When you recover and take in the vista of the sea and the mountains, you notice the breakers rolling in, golden in the sunshine, rising and falling. Inspired, you feel yourself the ruler of the mountain, the sea, and the universe!

🎈 take in

1) 观看，欣赏，参观

例句

I was wondering if you might want to take in a movie with me this evening.

不知道今晚你愿不愿意和我一起去看场电影？

2) 理解，领会，领悟

例句

Gazing up into his eyes, she seemed to take in all he said.

她抬起头注视着他的眼睛，好像听懂了他说的一切。

3) (人、动物或植物)摄入，吸收

例句

They will certainly need to take in plenty of liquid.

它们当然需要吸收大量液体。

4) 欺骗，使上当 be taken in

例句

I married in my late teens and was taken in by his charm — which soon vanished…

我十八九岁时结了婚，那时被他的魅力所迷惑——可他的魅力很快就荡然无存。

5) 留宿，收留 take sb in/take in sb

例句

He was homeless, so we took him in.

他无家可归，我们便收留了他。

下山，路那边邻家的小孩子，苹果脸映着旭阳，正向你闪闪招手，烂漫的笑不会赶着问她，“宝宝起这样早哇？姐姐呢？”

On the way down, you see your neighbor’s child by the roadside lift his apple-red face to the morning sun, waving quickly and smiling radiantly at you. Unhurriedly, you ask her, “Why did you get up so early? Where is your big sister?”

🎈apple-red是合成形容词，构词法为「名词+形容词」，如：snow-white雪白的、duty-free免税的。

🎈radiantly

英义

marked by or expressive of love, confidence, or happiness

喜气洋洋radiantly happy

喜笑颜开smile radiantly

再一会，山屋里的人就是满口的歌声了。再一会，山屋右近的路上，就是逛山的人格格的笑语了。

After a while, the whole house bursts into songs. Then, the path on the right of the house rings with the laughter of climbers.

🎈burst v.爆发，爆炸

例句

One more bite, and I’ burst.

再多吃一口，我（肚子）就（撑）炸了。

The buds are all bursting.花苞全都绽放了。

突然大哭/大笑/大声歌唱burst into tears / laughter / song或burst out crying / laughing / singing

…突然爆发 a burst of sth.

突然加速/大小/发脾气a burst of speed / laughter / anger

要是夏天，晌午阳光正毒，在别处是热得汤煮似的了，山屋里却还保持着相当的凉爽，坡上是通风的。四周的山松也有够浓的荫凉。

On summer afternoons, the sun beats down most relentlessly. It is sweltering everywhere, but the mountain house stays fairly cool. The hillside is windy and the pine trees provides you with sufficient shade.

🎈beat down

1）烈日暴晒，强烈地照射（When the sun beats down, it is very hot and bright.）

2）雨滂沱而下，倾盆而下（When the rain beats down, it rains very hard.）

3）压价；砍价；杀价（beat sb/sth down to…）

例句

He wanted $8 000 for the car but I beat him down to $6 000.

他那辆汽车要价 8 000 元，但我压到了 6 000 元。

I beat down the price to $6 000.

我把价杀到了 6 000 元。

敞着窗，躺在床上，噪耳的蝉声中你睡着了，噪耳的蝉声中你又醒了。没人逛山。樵夫也正傍了山石打盹儿。

With the windows wide open, you lie on the bed listening to cicadas sing. Amidst the discordant noise, you fall asleep. When you awaken, no climbers can be seen and the woodcutters are dozing against the rocks.

🎈大开着 wide open

瞪起铜铃般的眼睛看某人 glared at sb with eyes wide open like two brass bells

例句

The outer door was wide open but the inner one was locked.

外面的门大开着而里面的门锁着。

🎈cicada n.蝉，知了

🎈睡，睡着fall asleep

坠入爱河，爱上某人 fall in love (with)

重重地倒下（不能动） collapse/fall in a heap

介于两者之间 fall in between

市声又远远的，只有三五个苍蝇，嗡飞到了这里，嗡又飞到了那里。老鼠都会瞅空出来看看景的吧，“蝉噪林逾静，鸟鸣山更幽，”心跳都听得见扑腾呢。

The town’s hustle and bustle is far, far away. Only a few flies fly about, buzzing here and there, and some mice occasionally come out to appreciate the landscape. “Cicadas’ songs make the woods appear quieter while birds’ chirps set off the tranquility of the hills.” Then, even the throbbing of the heart can be heard.

🎈hustle and bustle（熙熙攘攘、喧嚣）常一起出现，hustle和bustle读起来朗朗上口,听起来和谐悦耳。

🎈quiet的比较级既可以用quieter 也可以more quiet。最高级也有两种。这种双音节词还有narrow, gentle, clever等等。是三音节才一定要加more和most，比方说important。

🎈 set off

1）出发，启程

开始了又一次外交之旅set off on another diplomatic trip

2）引发，激发

引发了骚乱set off a minor riot

3）衬托

例句

Blue suits you, sets off the color of your hair.

蓝色很合适你，能衬托你的发色。

你说，山屋里的人，不该是无怀氏之民么？

Who knows if the people in the house are not descendants of our ancient ancestors?

🎈descendant n.[C] 后代，后裔，子孙

例句

Many of them are descendants of the original settlers.

他们中许多人都是早期移民的后裔。

夏夜，自是更好。天刚黑，星就悄悄的亮了。流萤点点，像小灯笼，像飞花。

Summer evening is even more beautiful. The moment night falls, some stars shyly appear. Lightning bugs fly about like little lanterns or willow catkins.

🎈夜幕降临 as night falls

🎈萤火虫a firefly /a glowworm/ a lightning bug

🎈柳絮，飞絮willow catkins

檐边有吱吱叫的蝙蝠，张着膜翅凭了羞光的眼在摸索乱飞。

Bats squeak under the eaves; the nocturnal creatures, with their membrane wings wide open, blindly dash about in the dark.

🎈nocturnal adj.夜间发生的，夜间的

Nocturnal means occurring at night.

夜空的浩瀚

the immensity of the nocturnal sky

🎈膜翅membrane wings

膜翅为昆虫中最常见的一类翅，膜质翅，其薄而透明，翅脉明显可见。如蜂类、草蛉、蝉和蜻蜓的前后翅，蝇类的前翅，甲虫、蝗虫和蝽的后翅等。

远处有乡村味的犬吠，也有都市味的火车的汽笛。

In the distance, dogs are barking, recalling the rustic charms; the train is sounding its siren, suggesting the modern attractions.

🎈鸣笛 sound the siren

鸣钟 sound the bell

几丈外谁在毕剥的拍得蒲扇响呢？突然你听见耳有边的蚊子薨薨了。这样，不怕露冷，山屋门前坐到丙夜是无碍的。

Listen! Someone is rattling a cattail leaf fan a few meters away. Suddenly you hear mosquitoes buzzing over your head. So, if you do not fear the chill of dewdrops, you can sit far into the small hours in front of the house.

🎈一把蒲扇 a cattail leaf fan

🎈buzz v. 发出嗡嗡声

🎈直至深夜far into the night

延伸到遥远的未来reach far into the future

🎈午夜后的几小时，凌晨时分 the small/early hours

例句

We worked well into the small hours.

我们一直工作到了午夜之后。

可是，我得告诉你，秋来的山屋是不大好斗的啊。若然你不时时刻刻咬紧了牙，记牢自己是个男子，并且想着“英国的孩子是不哭的”那句名言的话，你真挡不了有时候要落泪呢。

However, I have to tell you that autumn days in the mountain house are hard to tolerate. If you do not clench your teeth and remind yourself that you are a real man, you can hardly refrain from shedding tears from time to time.

🎈攥紧拳头 clench sb’s fists

咬紧牙关 clench/grit sb’s teeth

🎈流泪 shed tears

落叶 shed leaves

蜕皮shed skins

黄昏，正自无聊的当儿，阴沉沉的天却又淅淅沥沥的落起雨来。不紧也不慢，不疏也不密，滴滴零零，抽丝似的，人的愁绪可就细细的长了。

At dusk, you feel bored when the cloudy sky begins to drizzle; the fine rain comes down in dribs and drabs, like reeling off raw silk from cocoons, and so your gloom grows thin and long.

🎈 drizzle v./n.（下）毛毛雨/蒙蒙细雨

细雨fine rain

🎈三三两两，零星 in dribs and drabs

例句

Clients came in dribs and drabs.

顾客三三两两地来了。

柔石《为奴隶的母亲》

……（客人）从<两两三三>的灯笼光影中，走散了。

……and, bidding one another farewell, they dispersed in twos and threes, carrying lighted lanterns in their hands.

ucocoon n. 茧；给人安全感的环境，保护层 v. 把…保护起来;把…隔绝开来

把某人与……隔绝开来 cocoon sb from…

用……将某人保护起来 cocoon sb in…

例句

We were warm and safe, cocooned in our sleeping bags.

我们在睡袋里睡觉，暖和又安全。

真愁人啊！想来个朋友谈谈天吧，老长的山道上却连把雨伞的影子也没有；喝点酒解解闷吧，又往那里去找个把牧童借问酒家何处呢？

What melancholy! You may long to chat with a friend, but there is no trace of an umbrella on the long mountain path. You may want to drown your sorrow in drink, but no public house can be found.

🎈……的踪迹 trace of…

例句

巴金《木匠老陈》

又过了几个月他的店终于关了门。我也就看不见他的踪迹了。

Several months later, his shop closed down for good and I lost all trace of him.

你听，偏偏墙角的秋虫又凄凄切切唧唧而吟了。呜呼，山屋里的人其不但然蹙眉颓然告病者，怕极稀矣，极稀矣！

Listen! Autumn insects are singing sadly in the corner again. Alas! Who in the house can refrain from feeling despondent? I am afraid the answer is few, very few.

🎈不去做某事、避免做某事refrain from (doing) sth

例句

Please refrain from smoking during the performance.

演出时请勿吸烟。

🎈 despondent adj. 苦恼的，沮丧的，泄气的，失望的sad, without much hope

例句

She was becoming increasingly despondent about the way things were going.

她对情况的发展越来越失望。

despondency n.[U]

沮丧的心情a mood of despondency

凑巧，就是那晚上，不，应当说是夜里，夜至中宵。没有闭紧的窗后，应着潇潇的雨声冷冷的虫声，不远不近，袭来了一片野兽踏落叶的悉索声。

As luck would have it, in the evening, to be exact, at midnight, behind the loosely closed windows comes the rustling sound of beasts trotting on fallen leaves amidst the pattering of rain and the shrill cries of insects.

🎈碰巧，偶然 As luck would have it

例句

in the way that chance decides what will happen。

有时根据语境也译成「幸而，不巧」

As luck would have it, the train was late.

不巧火车晚点了。

例句

孙福熙《出游》

适巧这一天大家没有功课，所以我们决计登高去了。

As luck would have it, we did not have classes on the particular date, and so decided to climb.

🎈 shrill adj. 刺耳的，尖声的，尖厉的(of sounds or voices 声音或嗓音) very high and loud, in an unpleasant way

刺耳的嗓音a shrill voice

呕吼呕吼，接二连三的嗥叫，告诉你那是一只饿狼或是一匹讥狐的时候，喂，伙计，你的头皮不会发胀么？好家伙！真得要蒙蒙头。

Boom! Boom! A succession of howls tells you that a hungry wolf or a starving fox is coming. Hey! Won’t you get cold feet? My dear fellow! You had better cover your head with the quilt.

🎈boom n. 吼叫，隆隆声

🎈一连串

a chain of …

a series of …

a train of …

a string of …

a succession of …

a progression of …

🎈临阵胆怯，畏缩 get/have cold feet

例句

To get cold feet means to become afraid about something at the last minute.

「临阵退缩」是指在事情发生前一秒害怕了。

虽然，“采菊东篱下”，陶彭泽的逸兴还是不浅的。

In spite of the same grim situation, Tao Yuanming, an Eastern Jin Dynasty poet, once wrote with emotion, “While picking asters ’neath the Eastern fence, my gaze upon the Southern mountain rests.” As we can see, he was replete with poetic inspiration.

🎈满是…… be replete with sth

例句

History is replete with examples of populations out of control.

历史上人口失控的例子比比皆是。

最可爱，当然数冬深。山屋炉边围了几个要好的朋友，说着话，暖烘烘的。有人吸着烟，有人就偎依在床上，唏嘘也好，争辩也好，锁口默然也好，态度却都是那样谆朴诚恳的。

Midwinter is most lovable. A few close friends crowd around the kitchen range, chatting gaily, feeling warm and cozy. Some sit smoking while others snuggle in bed. Whether they sigh, argue or shut up, they look so honest and simple, earnest and sincere.

🎈炉灶，旧式炊具 a (kitchen) range

🎈gaily adv. 快乐地；喜气洋洋地 in a lively, happy way

snuggle v. (尤指靠近另一人)依偎，舒适地蜷卧

回忆着华年旧梦的有，希冀着来日尊荣的有，发着牢骚，大夸其企图与雄心的也有。

Among them, some recall their old dreams in youthful years while others yearn for honor and dignity in the future. Some grumble about everything while others talk profusely about their ambitions.

🎈渴望/渴求…

1） v.

long for … / to do …

yearn for … / to do …

hunger / thirst for …

crave (for) sth.

2） n.

longing for … / to do …

yearning for … / to do …

hunger / thirst for …

craving for sth

E.g.

She longed for a hot drink / to see him again.

In moments of stress and worry, I often experience an indefinable longing for my childhood.

He yearned for her love.

She yearned to have a baby.

I hunger for your touch.

🎈向某人抱怨某事 grumble at/to sb + about/at sth

例句

She’s always grumbling to me about how badly she’s treated at work.

她总是向我抱怨她在工作中如何受亏待。

怒来拍一顿桌子，三句话没完却又笑了。那怕当面骂人呢，该骂的是不会见怪的，山屋里没有“官话”啊，要讲“官话”，他们指给你，说：“你瞧，那座亮堂堂的奏着军乐的，请移驾那楼上去吧。”

In a fit of anger they may bang their fist on the table, yet in no time they will be laughing again. Even if you shout in a friend’s face, when he knows he is in the wrong, he will not take offence. In the house no one talks like a bureaucrat. If you put on bureaucratic airs, they will point at the bright house playing martial music and say, “Please go there!”

🎈短暂（或快）得令人吃惊，立刻，马上，一会儿

in no time/in less than no time/in next to no time

The kids will be leaving home in no time.

孩子们很快就要离开家了。

🎈（在事故、错误、争论等中）有错，应承担责任 in the wrong

例句

The motorcyclist was clearly in the wrong.

骑摩托车的人显然对事故负有责任。

🎈生气take offence

因……而生气 take offence at…

🎈装腔作势，拿腔拿调摆样子puts on airs

若有三五乡老，晚饭后咳嗽了一阵，拖着厚棉鞋提了长烟袋相将而来，该是欢迎的吧？进屋随便坐下，便尔开始了那短短长长的闲话。

After coughing fits following dinner, the old people, dragging their feet in cotton-padded shoes and carrying their long-stemmed tobacco pipes in hand, come to the house one after another. Upon their arrival, they sit wherever they wish and start their idle talk, long or short.

🎈闲谈，闲聊idle talk

都市闲人 idle townsfolk

少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。An idle youth, a needy age.

消磨(时光) idle away

消磨掉整个黄昏idle away the evening hours

说到了长毛，说到了红枪会，说到了税，捐，拿名粮食换不出钱，乡里的灾害，兵匪的骚扰，希望中的太平丰年及怕着的天下行将大乱。

The old also they talk of the long-haired Taiping rebels, the Red-Spear Society, the taxes and levies, their problems in cashing their crops, the calamities in the countryside, the molestations by soldiers and bandits, the bumper harvest they hope for, and the nation-wide upheaval they dread.

🎈长毛the “Long Hairs” (the Taiping Rebellion)：因清朝推行剃发易服，太平天国则均不剃发、不结辫，披头散发，故太平军被称作“长毛”，清廷蔑称其为“长毛体贼”、“毛贼”、“发贼”、“发逆”等等。

🎈红枪会the Red-Spear Society：是民国时期会道门的一种，是一种武装自卫的农民团结组织，红枪会名称的由来，乃是因为他们所用的武器多系长矛，在长矛上系以红缨，其起源实发于山东，而渐流衍于河南、陕西。其蔓延的猛迅，完全是因为外国帝国主义和本国军阀兵匪所压迫所扰乱而自然发生的反响。

🎈levy n. 征收额，（尤指）税款

an extra amount of money that has to be paid, especially as a tax to the government

说一阵，笑一阵，就鞋底上磕磕烟灰，大声的打个呵欠，“天不早了。”“总快鸡叫了。” 要走，却不知门开处已落了满地的雪呢。我急急收场：“雪夜闭户读禁书。”

Between talking and laughing they rub the tobacco ashes against the soles of their shoes, yawning noisily, and say, “Time is running out. The rooster is about to crow.” Before they leave, they are unaware that the ground has been covered with snow. So I have to end here and now: “What a delight to read a forbidden book behind closed doors on a snowy night!”

🎈 sole n.脚掌，鞋底，袜底

The sole of your foot or of a shoe or sock is the underneath surface of it.

例句

He had burned the sole of his foot.

他的一只脚脚底被灼伤了。

🎈当前，此刻 here and now

你瞧，这半支残烛，正是一个好伴儿。

See, the waning candle is a wonderful companion for me!

🎈1）companion n.陪伴；伙伴

旅伴travelling companions

2）company n.[U]陪伴

例句

I enjoy her company.

我喜欢和她在一起。

3）accompany v.陪伴

伴随/陪同…accompany= keep company with…

keep company with+ 名词性结构；若与代词连用，直接写作keep sb. company即可

被…伴随/陪同be accompanied by …

🎈重点表达

在…顶部；在…边缘perch on…

初夏 early summer

偏僻，人迹罕至out of the way

爱上，倾心于 fall for…

钻到床上，栽到床上slip/tumble into bed

蜷曲着躺（或坐）curl up/be curled up

又快又多；频频thick and fast

烂醉be dead drunk

一阵风a gust of wind

枯草withered grass

转眼间、一瞬间、眨眼间in the twinkling of an eye

唱歌跑调sing off-key

朝某人扑个满怀 throw oneself into sb’s arms

《草叶集》Leaves of Grass

在A上撒下B  sprinkle A with B

一点、有点a touch of

装扮，打扮dress up

腰杆笔直；挺立 ramrod straight/ as straight as a ramrod

感觉，想要，欲 feel like

抑制住,忍住(眼泪、笑声等) hold back

唯恐，以免 for fear of (doing) sth/ for fear that…

逐渐融入……；与……融为一体 melt into…

喜笑颜开smile radiantly

烈日暴晒，强烈地照射(the sun) beat down

大开着 wide open

睡；睡着fall asleep

衬托 set off

夜幕降临 as night falls

萤火虫a firefly /a glowworm/ a lightning bug

柳絮，飞絮willow catkins

膜翅membrane wings

鸣笛 sound the siren

一把蒲扇 a cattail leaf fan

直至深夜far into the night

午夜后的几小时;凌晨时分 the small/early hours

攥紧拳头 clench sb’s fists

流泪 shed tears

细雨fine rain

三三两两;零星 in dribs and drabs

……的踪迹 trace of…

不去做某事、避免做某事refrain from (doing) sth

碰巧；偶然 As luck would have it

一连串a succession of …

临阵胆怯，畏缩 get/have cold feet

满是…… be replete with sth

炉灶；旧式炊具 a (kitchen) range

向某人抱怨某事 grumble at/to sb + about/at sth

短暂（或快）得令人吃惊；立刻；马上；一会儿in no time/in less than no time/in next to no time

生气take offence

装腔作势，拿腔拿调摆样子puts on airs

闲谈，闲聊idle talk

红枪会the Red-Spear Society

当前，此刻 here and now

未经允许不得转载：帕布莉卡 » 吴伯箫《山屋》 -英语翻译教程-中英双语赏析