贺铸《六州歌头·少年侠气》 -经典诗词英译-中英双语赏析

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《六州歌头·少年侠气》是宋代词人贺铸的词作。此词上片落笔先从追忆作者在东京度过的六、七年倜傥逸群的侠少生活写起，“侠”“雄”二字总摄下文，接写豪侠们的“侠”“雄”品格，勇敢正义，慷慨豪爽，再写豪侠们“侠”“雄”的具体行藏，驰逐、射猎、豪饮，过着快乐的生活。上片有点有染，虚实相间地向读者展示了一幅弓刀武侠的生动画卷。换头紧承“乐匆匆”三字，用“似黄粱梦”四字转折文意、变换情绪，锋芒直指埋没扼杀人才的封建统治阶级。“笳鼓动”以下六句，是全词的高潮，极写报国无门的悲愤，爱国之情，感人至深。最后三句，变激烈为凄凉，写理想破灭的悲哀。全词风格苍凉悲壮，感情充沛，叙事、议论、抒情结合紧密，笔力雄健劲拔，神采飞扬，而且格律谨严，句短韵密，激越的声情在跳荡的旋律中得到体现，两者臻于完美的统一。

六州歌头
贺铸
少年侠气，交结五都雄。
肝胆洞，毛发耸。
立谈中，死生同。
一诺千金重。
推翘勇，矜豪纵。
轻盖拥，
联飞鞚[1]，斗城[2]东。
轰饮酒垆，
春色浮寒瓮，
吸海垂虹[3]。
闲呼鹰嗾[4]犬，
白羽摘雕弓，
狡穴俄空。
乐匆匆。
似黄粱梦[5]。
辞丹凤，明月共，漾孤篷。
官冗从[6]，怀倥偬[7]，落尘笼。
簿书丛。
鹖弁[8]如云众，
供粗用，忽奇功。
笳鼓动，渔阳弄，思悲翁。
不请长缨[9]，
系取天骄种，
剑吼西风。
恨登山临水，
手寄七弦桐，
目送归鸿。

注释：
[1]飞鞚：飞驰的马车。鞚，马缰、马勒，这里代指马车。
[2]斗城：汉代长安城按南斗、北斗形状建造，所以又称斗城。这里指北宋的东京城。
[3]吸海垂虹：形容酒量极大，如长虹吸海。语出杜甫《饮中八仙歌》：“饮如长鲸吸百川。”
[4]嗾：指示猎犬捕猎的声音。
[5]黄粱梦：典故出自唐代沈既济的传奇小说《枕中记》，是说一个书生住在邯郸的旅店里，一个道士给了他一个枕头。书生枕着枕头睡着了，他在梦中经历了人世繁华、宦海风波；等到醒来，房东的黄粱米饭还没有煮熟。后用来说人生如梦。
[6]冗从：汉代官职名。这里指地位低下的武官。
[7]倥偬：事情繁多而且紧迫。
[8]鹖弁：古代武官的官帽。这里代指武官。
[9]请长缨：语出《汉书·终军传》，是自请杀敌的意思。

Prelude to the Song of Six States
He Zhu

A gallant young man calls
For heroes from five capitals.
He would see through heart and soul true.
While talking in wrath, his hair
Would stand on end, he’d share
The fate of life and death with friends bold,
And keep his word as dear as gold.
They vie in bravery and gallantry.
In eastern town they go in carriage light
And ride on horse side by side as if in flight.
They drink and bring to the jar cold
The hue of spring as rainbow on the sea.
Their eagles and dogs pursue their preys which flee.
They bend their bows and shoot arrows of feathers white.
Leaving the empty cave,
They are so brave.
Since I left the capital town,
Life has passed like a dream with ups and downs.
I sail a boat alone,
Accompanied but by the moon.
A petty officer like me,
How can I wish to kill the foe?
Fallen in dusty world, can I be free from woe?
The officers in crowd
Only follow like cloud
How can they ride their steeds and do great deeds?
Heating the horn and drumbeats,
How can I do in war great feats?
I can’t bind with a long rope the proud enemy,
Leaving my sword in vain sigh,
I will not climb the mountain high,
But play my lute of seven strings in western breeze,
And gaze on flying wild geese.

注释：
The poet describes his life with his friends in the capital and sighs that a petty officer like him cannot do great feats.

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