《许渊冲译牡丹亭》第一本 第五出 延师 -《牡丹亭》英译-《牡丹亭》中英双语赏析

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第五出 延师

【浣沙溪】（外引贴扮门子，丑扮皂隶上）

山色好，

讼庭稀。

朝看飞鸟暮飞回。

印床[1]花落帘垂地。

“杜母[2]高风不可攀，

甘棠[3]游憇在南安。

虽然为政多阴德，

尚少阶前玉树兰[4]。”

我杜宝出守此间，只有夫人一女。寻个老儒教训他。昨日府学开送一名廪生陈最良。年可六旬，从来饱学。一来可以教授小女，二来可以陪伴老夫。今日放了衙参[5]，分付安排礼酒，叫门子伺候。

（众应介）

【前腔】（末儒巾蓝衫[6]上）

须抖擞，

要拳奇。

衣冠欠整老而衰。

养浩然分庭还抗礼[7]。

（丑禀介）陈斋长到门。

（外）就请衙内相见。

（丑唱门[8]介）南安府学生员进。

（下）

（末跪，起揖，又跪介）生员陈最良禀拜。

（拜介）

（末）“讲学开书院，

（外）崇儒引席珍[9]。

（末）献酬樽俎[10]列，

（外）宾主位班陈[11]。”叫左右，陈斋长在此清叙，着门役散回，家丁伺侯。

（众应下）

（净扮家童上）（外）久闻先生饱学。敢问尊年有几，祖上可也习儒？

（末）容禀。

【锁南枝】

将耳顺[12]，

望古稀，

儒冠误人霜鬓丝。

（外）近来？

（末）君子要知医，

悬壶[13]旧家世。

（外）原来世医。还有他长？

（末）凡杂作，可试为；但诸家，略通的。

（外）这等一发有用。

【前腔】

闻名久，识面初，

果然大邦生大儒。

（末）不敢。

（外）有女颇知书，先生长训诂[14]。

（末）当得[15]。则怕做不得小姐之师。

（外）那女学士，

你做的班大姑[16]。

今日选良辰，

叫他拜师傅。

（外）院子，敲云板[17]，请小姐出来。

【前腔】（旦引贴上）

添眉翠[18]，

摇佩珠，

绣屏中生成士女图[19]。

莲步鲤庭趋[20]，

儒门旧家数[21]。

（贴）先生来了怎好？

（旦）那少不得去。丫头，那贤达女，都是些古镜模[22]。你便略知书，也做好奴仆。

（净报介）小姐到。

（见介）

（外）我儿过来。

“玉不琢，不成器；

人不学，不知道。[23]”

今日吉辰，来拜了先生。

（内鼓吹介）

（旦拜）

学生自愧蒲柳之姿[24]，

敢烦桃李之教。

（末）愚老恭承捧珠之爱[25]，

谬加琢玉之功。

（外）春香丫头，向陈师父叩头。着他伴读。

（贴叩头介）

（末）敢问小姐所读何书？

（外）男、女《四书》[26]，他都成诵了。则看些经旨罢。《易经》以道阴阳，义理深奥；《书》以道政事[27]，与妇女没相干；《春秋》《礼记》，又是孤经[28]；则《诗经》开首便是后妃之德[29]，四个字儿顺口，且是学生家传[30]，习《诗》罢。其余书史尽有，则可惜他是个女儿。

【前腔】

我年将半[31]，

性喜书，

牙签插架三万余[32]。

（叹介）我伯道恐无儿，中郎有谁付？先生，他要看的书尽看。有不臻的所在，打丫头。

（贴）哎哟！

（外）冠儿[33]下，他做个女秘书。小梅香[34]，要防护。

（末）谨领。

（外）春香伴小姐进衙，我陪先生酒去。

（旦拜介）“酒是先生馔[35]，女为君子儒[36]。”

（下）

（外）请先生后花园饮酒。

（外）门馆[37]无私白日闲，薛能

（末）百年粗粝腐儒餐。 杜甫

（外）左家弄玉惟娇女[38]， 柳宗元

（合）花里寻师到杏坛[39]。 钱起

注释：

[1]印床：放印章用的一种文具，作床形。

[2]杜母：指东汉人杜诗。汉代召信臣和他都做过南阳太守，很受人爱戴。

[3]甘棠：周代召公出巡，曾在甘棠树下休息。人民怀念他，作了一首歌颂他的诗。这就是《诗经》中的《甘棠》。后来就用甘棠指好官，这里杜宝用来比自己。

[4]玉树兰：玉树、芝兰，比喻好子弟。

[5]放了衙参：不办公。衙参，召集官员办事。

[6]蓝衫：明代生员的制服。

[7]分庭还抗礼：平等相待。

[8]唱门：把准备进见的客人报出来。

[9]席珍：《礼记·儒行》：“儒有席上之珍以待聘。”原来比喻儒者珍视自己，等待政府的聘用。这里指优秀的儒生。

[10]樽俎：樽，酒器。俎，食器。

[11]位班陈：座位按次序排列好。

[12]耳顺：六十岁。

[13]悬壶：指行医。

[14]训诂：原指解释字义的一种专门学问。这里指教人读书。

[15]当得：理当如此的意思。

[16]班大姑：班昭。她曾为宫廷后妃的教师，称为大家（ɡū）。见《后汉书·曹世叔妻传》。

[17]云板：雕绘着云彩的木板或金属片做的打击乐器。寺院、官署中作信号用。

[18]翠：这里指黛，一种深青色的颜料，画眉用。

[19]士女图：美人图，此作美人讲。

[20]鲤庭趋：孔子站在那里，他的儿子孔鲤“趋而过庭”。趋，以较快的步子走过去，表示对父亲的尊敬。见《论语·季氏》。

[21]家数：家法，家风。

[22]镜模：榜样，借鉴。

[23]玉不琢，不成器；人不学，不知道：见《礼记·学记》。

[24]蒲柳之姿：原意是像蒲柳一样早衰。

[25]捧珠之爱：俗称女儿叫掌中珠，表示爱惜。

[26]男、女《四书》：男四书，即《四书》。南宋理学家朱熹以《小戴礼》中的《大学》《中庸》《论语》《孟子》合为《四书》。女四书，为对妇女施行封建教育而编写的《四书》。

[27] 《书》以道政事：《庄子·天下》：“《诗》以道志，《书》以道事，《礼》以道行，《乐》以道和，《易》以道阴阳，《春秋》以道名分。”

[28]孤经：从孤字着眼，带有打诨性质。

[29]后妃之德：《诗经》第一篇是爱情诗《关雎》，前人都牵强附会地说是歌颂后妃之德的作品。

[30]学生家传：杜宝自命为杜甫的后代。学生，对自己的谦称。

[31]半：这里是半百的省词，五十岁。

[32]牙签插架三万余：形容藏书很多。牙签，夹在书上的标签。

[33]冠儿：男子“二十而冠”，表示成人。

[34]梅香：从前对丫头的通称。

[35]酒是先生馔：酒是先生吃的。《论语·为政》：“有酒食，先生馔。”先生，原文指父兄。

[36]女为君子儒：女儿学起来做有德行的读书人。

[37]门馆：这里借指家塾。

[38]左家弄玉惟娇女：没有儿子，只得把女儿当作男孩。弄玉，即弄璋，指生男孩子。

[39]杏坛：孔丘讲学之处，在山东曲阜。此指教师所在的地方。

Scene 5 The Tutor Selected

(Enter Du Bao with attendants.)

Du (Singing to the tune of Silk-Washing Stream):

Warm mountain hue,

Lawsuits are few.

Birds fly away at dawn,

And come back at nightfall.

Curtains undrawn,

Petals fall in the hall.

The governor is beyond me;

I’ll do as the sage under a pear tree.

So much good for the living and the dead I’ve done,

Still I have not a jade-like son.

Since I came to Nan’an as prefect, only my wife and my daughter have kept me company. It is now necessary for me to select a tutor for my daughter’s education. Yesterday, the director of the prefectural school recommended a sixty-year-old scholar Chen Zuiliang to teach my daughter on the one hand, and to keep me company on the other. Since we are not busy today, I have ordered a feast to entertain the tutor. Now attendant!

Attendant: Yes, my lord.

(Enter Chen Zuiliang wearing a scholar’s hood and a blue gown.)

Chen (Singing to the previous tune):

In spirits high

And shabby gown,

Though old am I,

I’ll play it down.

Attendant (Announcing ): Here comes Master Chen.

Du: Invite him to come in.

Attendant: Come in please, Master Chen.

Chen (Kneeling, rising to his feet, bowing and kneeling again.): I pay my respect to my lord.

(Kowtowing) You have opened the school.

Du:Today let’s drink our full.

Chen:Here are cups for the toast.

Du:The guest’s honored the host.

Let the attendants withdraw and a houseboy come to the service.

(Exeunt attendants. Enter a houseboy.)

(To Chen) I have heard of you as a scholar. May I inquire about your age and family?

Chen (Singing to the tune of Southern Branch):

I am over sixty years old,

And of seventy on the threshold.

Wearing the scholar’s hood,

White-haired, I’ll teach for good.

Du: What are you doing recently?

Chen:Most scholars know the art to cure,

A gourd at door is a sign sure.

Du:So your family knows the medical art?

What else?

Chen:I can play various parts

And know something about all arts.

Du: So much the better.

(Singing to the previous tune):

Your fame is high, but our acquaintance late,

You’re a famed scholar in a famed state.

Chen: I am unworthy of my fame.

Du:My daughter knows to read and write,

She will be instructed with delight.

Chen: It is a teacher’s duty, but I am afraid I could not be her worthy tutor.

Du:You can make the pearl

In my palm a learned girl.

It is lucky for her to pay

Her respect to you today.

Attendant, strike the clappers to call your young mistress in.

(Enter Du the Belle with her maid Frangrant Spring )

Belle (Singing to the previous tune):

With eyebrows pencilled green,

My pendants ring when I come in

From behind the embroidered screen.

With lotus steps I come into the hall

To answer my father’s call.

Fragrant: What shall we do now the tutor has come?

Belle: I must go to salute him, Fragrang Spring.

Fair maidens model themselves on ladies of old.

Knowing some books, you are a maid of good household.

Attendant (Announcing): Here comes our young mistress.

(Belle greets her father.)

Du: Come over here, my dear.

Unpolished jade cannot be bright;

Unlearned maid knows not what is right.

Come and pay respect to your tutor at this lucky hour.

(Drum beats and trumpets are heard.)

Belle:Like willow down, how dare I to compare

With your students as peach blossoms as fair?

Chen:You are as worthy as a pearl.

I’m honored to teach a jade-like girl.

Du: Fragrant Spring, come and kowtow to Master Chen. Fragrant Spring will accompany her young mistress in her studies. (Fragrant Spring kowtows.)

Chen: May I ask what books our young mistress has read?

Du: She has learnedThe Four Books by heart. It would be better to readThe Five Classics now. ButThe Book of Change on the sunny and the shady side would be too philosophical andThe Book of History too political for young maidens.Spring and Autumn Annals andThe Book of Rites seem fragmentary.The Book of Poetry which begins withCooing and Wooing is easy to read and its four-character lines easy to learn by heart. Besides, it is our traditional reading, so let her studyPoetry. We still have many other books, but they are not fit for maidens.

(Singing to the previous tune):

Nearly fifty years old, I’m fond of books,

Having over thirty thousand in my nooks.

It is a pity that I have no son,

To carry on our tradition there is none.

Dear Master, my daughter has all the books she needs. If she has done anything wrong, please punish her maid.

Fragrant: Alas!

Du:When my daughter comes of age,

She should be worthy of family heritage.

You know of course what should be done

Against the naughty one.

Fragrant Spring, accompany your young mistress back. I shall have a drink with our tutor.

Belle: Our tutor may drink wine

To make his student scholar fine. ( Exeunt. )

Du: Let us go to the back garden and have a drink.

Epilogue of the Scene

Du:In private school the tutor teaches at leisure.

Chen:For a hundred years scholars eat but rice with pleasure.

Du:I’ll make a son of my daughter in her bower.

Together:A teacher is sought for from flower to flower.

未经允许不得转载：帕布莉卡 » 《许渊冲译牡丹亭》第一本 第五出 延师 -《牡丹亭》英译-《牡丹亭》中英双语赏析