《许渊冲译牡丹亭》第四本 第二出 诊祟 -《牡丹亭》英译-《牡丹亭》中英双语赏析

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第二出 诊祟

【一江风】（贴扶病旦上）（旦）

病迷厮。

为甚轻憔悴？

打不破愁魂谜。

梦初回，

燕尾翻风，

乱飒起湘帘翠。

春去偌多时，

春去偌多时，

花容只顾衰。

井梧声刮的我心儿碎。

〔行香子〕

春香呵，我

“楚楚精神，

叶叶腰身，

能禁多病逡巡[1]！

（贴）你星星措与[2]，

种种生成，有许多娇，

许多韵，许多情。

（旦）咳，咱弄梅心事[3]，

那折柳情人[4]，

梦淹渐暗老残春。

（贴）正好簟炉香午，

枕扇风清。

知为谁颦，

为谁瘦，

为谁疼？”

（旦）春香，我自春游一梦，卧病如今。不痒不疼，如痴如醉。知他怎生？

（贴）小姐，梦儿里事，想他则甚！

（旦）你教我怎生不想呵！

【金落索】

贪他半晌痴，

赚了多情泥[5]。

待不思量，

怎不思量得？

就里暗销肌，

怕人知。

嗽腔腔[6]嫩喘微。

哎哟，我这惯淹煎的样子谁怜惜？

自噤窄[7]的春心怎的支？

心儿悔，

悔当初一觉留春睡。

（贴）老夫人替小姐冲喜[8]。

（旦）信他冲的个甚喜？到的年时，敢犯杀花园内[9]？

【前腔】（贴）

看他春归何处归，

春睡何曾睡？

气丝儿怎度的长天日？

把心儿捧凑眉，

病西施[10]。

小姐，

梦去知他实实谁？

病来只送的个虚虚的你。

做行云先渴倒在巫阳[11]会。

全无谓，

把单相思害得忒明昧[12]。

又不是困人天气，

中酒心期[13]，

魆魆地[14]常如醉。

（末上）

“日下晒书嫌鸟迹，

月中捣药要蟾酥[15]。”

我陈最良承公相命，来诊视小姐脉息。到此后堂，不免打叫一声。春香贤弟有么？

（贴见介）是陈师父。小姐睡哩。

（末）免惊动他。我自进去。（见介）小姐。

（旦作惊介）谁？

（贴）陈师父哩。

（旦扶起介）（旦）师父，我学生患病。久失敬了。

（末）学生，学生，古书有云：“学精于勤，荒于嬉[16]。”你因为后花园汤风[17]冒日，感下这疾，荒废书工。我为师的在外，寝食不安。幸喜老公相请来看病。也不料你清减至此。似这般样，几时能够起来读书？早则端阳节哩。

（贴）师父，端节有你的。

（末）我说端阳，难道要你粽子？小姐，望闻问切[18]，我且问你病症因何？

（贴）师父问什么？只因你讲《毛诗》，这病便是“君子好求”上来的。

（末）是那一位君子？

（贴）知他是那一位君子。

（末）这般说，《毛诗》病用《毛诗》去医。那头一卷就有女科圣惠方[19]在里。

（贴）师父，可记的《毛诗》上方儿？

（末）便依他处方。小姐害了“君子”的病，用的史君子[20]。《毛诗》：

“既见君子，云胡不瘳？”[21]

这病有了君子抽一抽，就抽好了。

（旦羞介）哎也！

（贴）还有甚药？

（末）酸梅十个。《诗》云：

“摽有梅，

其实七兮”[22]，

又说：

“其实三兮。”

三个打七个，是十个。此方单医男女过时思酸之病。

（旦叹介）

（贴）还有呢？

（末）天南星[23]三个。

（贴）可少？

（末）再添些。《诗》云：“三星在天。”[24]专医男女及时之病。

（贴）还有呢？

（末）俺看小姐一肚子火，你可抹净一个大马桶，待我用栀子仁、当归，泻下他火来。这也是依方：“之子于归，言秣其马。”

（贴）师父，这马不同那“其马”。

（末）一样髀鞦窟洞下。

（旦）好个伤风切药陈先生。

（贴）做的按月通经陈妈妈。

（旦）师父不可执方[25]，还是诊脉为稳。

（末看脉，错按旦手背介）

（贴）师父，讨个转手。

（末）女人反此背看之，正是王叔和《脉诀》[26]。也罢，顺手看是。

（诊脉介）呀，小姐脉息，到这个分际了。

【金索挂梧桐】

他人才忒整齐，

脉息恁微细。

小小香闺，

为甚伤憔悴？

（起介）春香呵，

似他这伤春怯夏肌，

好扶持。

病烦人容易伤秋意。

小姐，我去咀药[27]来。

（旦叹介）师父，少不得情栽了窍髓针难入[28]，

病躲在烟花[29]你药怎知？

（泣介）承尊觑，

何时何日来看这女颜回[30]？

（合）病中身怕的是惊疑。且将息，休烦絮。

（旦）师父且自在。送不得你了。可曾把俺八字推算么？

（末）算来要过中秋好。

“当生止有八个字[31]，

起死曾无三世医[32]。”（下）

……

（贴）绿惨双蛾不自持， 步非烟

（净）道家妆束厌禳[33]时。 薛能

（旦）如今不在花红处， 僧怀济

（合）为报东风且莫吹。 李涉

注释：

[1]多病逡巡：久病。逡巡，徘徊不去，这里喻疾病缠绵。

[2]星星措与：星星，作件件解。措与，举措、行事。

[3]弄梅心事：这里指杜丽娘的怀春。

[4]折柳情人：指柳梦梅。在杜丽娘的梦中，他曾折柳请她题诗。

[5]赚了多情泥：赚，骗取。这里是害得、弄得的意思。泥，通“撒滞腻”的“腻”，为感情所牵缠。

[6]腔腔：状声字，咳嗽时的声音。

[7]噤窄：闷在心里，有心事不对人说。

[8]冲喜：迷信的做法，以办喜事去冲破即将发生的凶事叫冲喜。

[9]到的年时，敢犯杀花园内：难道是从前（年时），在花园里冲撞了什么神道？以疑问句表示否定的意义。到的，就是道的，想是的意思。

[10]把心儿捧凑眉，病西施：西施，春秋时代越国的美女。据说她心疼时捧心颦眉，样子很美。

[11]巫阳：巫山之阳（南）。

[12]明昧：不明不白。

[13]心期：本意中心向往，此作心绪讲。

[14]魆魆地：精神恍惚貌。

[15]月中捣药要蟾酥：神话传说，月亮里有白兔捣药。蟾酥，蟾蜍皮疣内毒腺的分泌液，供药用。

[16]学精于勤，荒于嬉：韩愈《进学解》中的句子。

[17]汤风：冒着风，受了风吹。

[18]望、闻、问、切：中医诊病的四种方法。

[19]圣惠方：有灵验的处方。

[20]史君子：应作使君子，中药名。

[21]既见君子，云胡不瘳（chōu）：见《诗·郑风·风雨》。君子，唱这首情歌的少女的爱人；云，语助词，不表示意义，胡，为什么；瘳，病愈。

[22]摽有梅，其实七兮：梅子落下来了，树上还留着七个。

[23]天南星：中药名。

[24]三星在天：三星，心宿，傍晚出现在东方。

[25]执方：固执。

[26]王叔和《脉诀》：王叔和，晋代著名的医学家，曾任太医令官。著有《脉经》《脉诀》《脉赋》。

[27]咀药：中药中有一些药材，在煎煮前，按照旧法，要用嘴嚼细，名为“咀㕮”。这里作煎药解。

[28]情栽了窍髓针难入：相思的病根生在骨髓里面，针刺不进去。

[29]烟花：犹言风月，指情爱。

[30]女颜回：指优秀而短命的女学生。颜回是孔丘最好的弟子。

[31]八个字：八字。

[32]三世医：祖传三代的医生。

[33]厌禳：厌、禳都是禳解的意思。

Scene 2 The Diognosis

(Enter Belle supported by Fragrant.)

Belle (Singing to the tune ofBreeze-rippled River):

Lost in disease,

I languish, ill at ease.

How can I solve the riddle or know the role

Of an enchanted soul?

Awake from dream

As a swallow flits from a stream

Of current and enters the screen,

I feel a grief unseen.

So long has spring departed.

Could I preserve my beauty of years green?

The fallen leaves make me broken-hearted.

(Singing to the tune ofPilgrimage):

With my spirit to make haste,

And my leaf-like slender waist,

Could I from illness be raised?

Fragrant: From your starry eyes

And your rosy face

So much charm would rise

With as much love and grace.

Belle: I love to play with the mume sprig

And he to pluck a willow twig,

I’m drowned in dreams of oldened spring.

Fragrant: The incense burned at noon would bring

A scented pillow in clear breeze.

For whom do you fall in disease?

Why knit your brow,

Grow lean and feel grief now?

Belle: Fragrant, since my spring visit to the back garden, I have been ill up to now, feeling neither itch nor pain as if drunken or lost. How can I know what is the matter?

Fragrant: My dear young mistress, why should you think of your dream?

Belle: How could I not think of it?

(Singing to the tune ofGolden Lacework):

For his fond love I’ve uttered sigh on sigh.

I would not think of it, but how could I?

So I grow thin alone

For fear of being known.

I cough and heave.

Who would believe

Such languor as I confine in my vernal heart?

I regret for my part.

Why should I stay

Spring from going away?

Fragrant: Our old lady has made preparations to drive away the evil spirits from the garden.

Belle: What evil spirits? Are floral fairies evil doers to be driven away?

Fragrant (Singing to the previous tune):

Spring’s gone away,

But vernal grief will stay.

Spring is asleep,

The grief in your heart is still deep.

How could short breaths measure long, long days?

Though you knit your brow,

Your disease stays.

My dear young mistress, now

Wake up from your dreams! You don’t even know who is he.

But the longer you’re in bed, the weaker you will be.

You wait for floating cloud to bring fresh shower

For your long thirsting flower.

But could your one-sided love

Bring down the cloud from above?

The weather is not bad,

You have no reason to be sad.

(Enter Master Chen.)

Chen (Singing): Sunning my books, I fear but bird;

Pounding the herbs, I need the magic words.

I am Master Chen, ordered by our lord to come to feel the pulse of our young mistress. Coming to the inner hall, I must call for the maid. Is Fragrant there?

Fragrant (Meeting him): Oh, it is Master Chen. Our young mistress is still asleep in bed.

Chen: Do not disturb her then. I will go in myself (Greeting her) My young mistress.

Belle (Startled): May I know who is coming?

Fragrant: It is Master Chen.

Belle (Rising in bed): Dear Master, Sorry I have been ill so long that I cannot get up to pay you my respects.

Chen: My dear student, don’t you know what the ancient told us, “Diligence leads to success in studies and negligence to failure”? As you basked in sunshine and wind in the garden, so you have fallen ill as to neglect your studies. As your master, I feel ill at ease. Now our lord calls me back to make diagnoses, but I did not expect to see you so frail and so weak. Such is the case, I do not know how long it will take for you to resume your studies. I am afraid you could not recover before the Dragon Boat Festival.

Fragrant: Master Chen, you need not worry about your festival gifts.

Chen: I mention the festival without the least idea of the gifts. My dear young mistress, of course you know the four words for diagnoses: “look, hear, ask and feel the pulse.” Now may I ask how you fell ill in the beginning?

Fragrant: You need not ask her, for the cause lies in none other than yourself. Do you still remember what you have taught her:

There is a maiden fair

A good young man is wooing?

Chen: Which good young man is wooing her?

Fragrant: How can I know which?

Chen: The illness coming from The Book of Songs can be cured by the verse from the same Book. In the first part of The Book of Songs you can find the remedy.

Fragrant: Dear Master, do you remember the verse?

Chen: Your young mistress’ lovesickness comes from the wooing young man, so it can be cured by the verse from “Wind and Rain”:

Since I have seen my dear one,

With my illness could not have done?

She would be cured if she could see her dear one.

Belle (Ashamed): Ah!

Fragrant: What else?

Chen: She would be further cured by ten mume fruits for it is said in The Book of Songs:

The fruits from mume tree fall,

Three-tenths of them away.

The fruits from mume tree fall,

Seven-tenths of them away.

Three and seven makes ten, so ten mume fruits would cure a maiden from lovesickness.

Belle (Sighing): Ah!

Fragrace: Still what else?

Chen: She should be cured under three stars.

Fragrant: Why three?

Chen: No more, for it is said in the “Wedding Song”:

When in the sky three stars appear.

Fragrant: Anything more?

Chen: It is said in the “Woodcutter’s Love”:

I would fain feed her horse,

If she should marry me.

So the horse flesh could cure a maiden who would be married.

Fragrant: Master Chen, how could you compare a maiden to a horse?

Chen: A maiden should be fed just as a horse should.

Belle: What a good doctor is, Master Chen!

Fragrant: What a bad nurse!

Belle: Dear Master, do not write the prescription now. Please feel my pulse first.

(Chen feels her pulse, but mistakes the part of her wrist.)

Fragrant: Master Chen, would you turn her wrist and feel her pulse?

Chen: According to The Book of Diognoses, if a doctor should feel the pulse of a woman, it is contrary to that of a man, that is, he should put his fingers on the back of her wrist. But it will also do to feel the other side. (Feeling her pulse.) Ah! how could your pulse be weak to such a point!

(Singing to the tune ofGolden Leaves of the Plane Tree):

You’re such a maiden fair,

But your weak pulse is rare.

In your sweet inner bower,

How could you languish like a fading flower!

(Standing up) Oh, Fragrant,

Your young mistress is grieved at parting spring too sweet

And afraid of summer heat.

You must take good care of your mistress dear

Lest she be chilled by autumn drear.

My dear young mistress, I am going to prepare medicine for you.

Belle (sighing): I know that lovesickness can’t be cured by needles of gold,

Nor it there remedy against amorous cold.

Thank you for coming to see me.

A short-lived student cannot fight her destiny.

Together: A patient should not be alarmed.

Take a rest or you would be harmed.

Belle: Dear Master, excuse me for I cannot see you off at the door. By the way, have you calculated the eight words for my destiny?

Chen: Judging from the eight words, you will get better by the Mid-Autumn Day.

But the eight words should be read and reread.

No doctor could revive the dead. (Exit.)

……

Epilogue of the Scene

Fragrant: How can I hear your frowning brow!

Nun: Useless to pray the Daoist now.

Belle: I am not like a red flower.

Together: East wind don’t blow into our bower!

(Exeunt.)

未经允许不得转载：帕布莉卡 » 《许渊冲译牡丹亭》第四本 第二出 诊祟 -《牡丹亭》英译-《牡丹亭》中英双语赏析