《许渊冲译牡丹亭》第四本 第一出 诘病 -《牡丹亭》英译-《牡丹亭》中英双语赏析

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第四本

第一出 诘病

【三登乐】（老旦上）

今生怎生？

偏则是红颜薄命，

眼见的孤苦仃俜。

（泣介）掌上珍，

心头肉，

泪珠儿暗倾。

天呵，偏人家七子团圆[1]，

一个女孩儿厮病[2]。

〔清平乐〕

“如花娇怯，

合得天饶借[3]。

风雨于花生分劣[4]，

作意十分凌藉。

止堪深阁重帘，

谁教月榭风檐[5]。

我发短回肠寸断，

眼昏眵[6]泪双淹。”

老身年将半百，单生一女丽娘。因何一病，起倒[7]半年？看他举止容谈，不似风寒暑湿。中间缘故，春香必知，则问他便了。春香贱才那里？

（贴上）有哩。我

“眼里不逢乖小使[8]，

掌中擎着个病多娇。

得知堂上夫人召，

剩酒残脂要咱消”。

春香叩头。

（老旦）小姐闲常好好的，才着你贱才伏侍他，不上半年，偏是病害。可恼，可恼！且问近日茶饭多少？

【驻马听】（贴）

他茶饭何曾，所事儿休提、叫懒应。看他娇啼隐忍，笑谵迷厮[9]，睡眼懵憕[10]。

（老旦）早早禀请太医[11]了。

（贴）则除是八法针[12]针断软绵情。怕九还丹[13]丹不的腌臢证[14]。

（老旦）是什么病？

（贴）春香不知，

道他一枕秋清，

却怎生还害的是春前病。

（老旦哭介）怎生了。

【前腔】

他一搦[15]身形，

瘦的庞儿没了四星[16]。

都是小奴才逗他。

大古是[17]烟花惹事，

莺燕成招，

云月知情。

贱才还不跪！取家法来。

（贴跪介）春香实不知道。

（老旦）因何瘦坏了玉娉婷，

你怎生触损了他娇情性？

（贴）小姐好好的拈花弄柳，不知因甚病了。

（老旦恼，打贴介）打你这牢承[18]，嘴骨稜[19]的胡遮映。

（贴） 夫人休闪[20]了手。容春香诉来。便是那一日游花园回来，夫人撞到时节，说个秀才手里折的柳枝儿，要小姐题诗。小姐说这秀才素昧平生，也不和他题了。

（老旦）不题罢了。后来？

（贴）后来那、那、那秀才就一拍手把小姐端端正正抱在牡丹亭上去了。

（老旦）去怎的？

（贴）春香怎得知？小姐做梦哩。

（老旦惊介）是梦么？

（贴）是梦。

（老且）这等着鬼了。快请老爷商议。

（贴请介）老爷有请。

（外上）“肘后印嫌金带重[21]，

掌中珠怕玉盘轻[22]。”

夫人，女儿病体因何？

（老旦泣介）老爷听讲：

【前腔】

说起心疼，

这病知他是怎生!

看他长眠短起，

似笑如啼，

有影无形[23]。

原来女儿到后花园游了。梦见一人手执柳枝，闪[24]了他去。（作叹介）怕腰身触污了柳精灵，虚嚣侧犯了花神圣[25]。老爷呵，急与禳星[26]，怕流星赶月相刑迸[27]。

（外）却还来。我请陈斋长教书，要他拘束身心。你为母亲的，倒纵他闲游。（笑介）则是些日炙风吹，伤寒流转。便要禳解，不用师巫，则叫紫阳宫石道婆诵些经卷可矣。古语云：“信巫不信医，一不治也。”我已请过陈斋长看他脉息去了。

（老旦）看甚脉息。若早有了人家，敢没这病。

（外）咳，古者男子三十而娶，女子二十而嫁[28]。女儿点点年纪，知道个什么呢？

【前腔】

忒恁憨生[29]，

一个哇儿甚七情[30]？

则不过往来潮热，

大小伤寒，急慢风惊[31]。

则是你为母的呵，

真珠不放在掌中擎，

因此娇花不奈这心头病。

（泣介）（合）两口丁零[32]，告天天，

半边儿[33]是咱全家命。

（下）

柳起东风惹病身，李绅

举家相对却沾巾。刘长卿

遍依仙法多求药，张籍

念见蓬山不死人。项斯

注释：

[1]七子团圆：原是祝颂用的成语。

[2]厮病：害病。

[3]饶借：饶免，怜惜。

[4]生分劣：作恶。生分，即生忿，与人过不去。

[5]月榭风檐：月下风前的亭台。这里指《惊梦》所写的游园。

[6] 眵（chī）：眼睛分泌出来的一种黏液。

[7]起倒：好一阵坏一阵，轻一阵重一阵，毛病拖下去。

[8]乖小使：乖，伶俐乖巧；小使，书童之类当差的少男。

[9]迷厮：形容精神恍惚。

[10]懵憕：懵懂，神志模糊，这里是形容睡眼朦胧。

[11]太医：御医，这里指一般医师。

[12]八法针：犹言最好的针刺医术。根据阴、阳、表、里、寒、热、虚、实八纲，采用不同经穴，利用各种不同手法，达到汗、吐、下、和、温、清、补、消八种目的的针刺方法。

[13]九还丹：九转丹，道家炼的所谓金丹的一种。说是吃了三天就可以成仙。

[14]腌臢证：肮脏病，相思病的代称。

[15]一搦：一捻，形容腰身纤细。

[16]瘦的庞儿没有四星：瘦得不成样子。四星，秤杆末尾钉有四星，易磨灭。

[17]大古是：总是。

[18]牢承：原作殷勤解。这里指滑头、善于献殷勤的人。

[19]嘴骨稜：多言多语。

[20]闪：扭伤。

[21]肘后印嫌金带重：形容年老倦于居官的意思。

[22]掌中珠怕玉盘轻：怕女儿养不大的意思。

[23]有影无形：指病症蹊跷。

[24]闪：这里是引的意思。

[25]虚嚣侧犯了花神圣：虚弱（虚嚣）的身子触犯（侧犯）花神。侧犯，比正犯情节较轻。

[26]禳星：禳，道家迷信作法，用符咒为人去邪除病。

[27]流星赶月相刑迸：星命家的迷信说法。流星赶月，就是有冲破。刑，如子卯相刑，比相冲的情节较轻；迸，拼、冲克。刑、迸，主凶事，这里是用迷信说法推究病因。

[28]古者男子三十而娶，女子二十而嫁：见《礼记·内则》。

[29]忒恁憨生：那样娇憨得很的样子，形容少女还不懂事。

[30]一个哇儿甚七情：哇，娃。七情：喜、怒、哀、惧、爱、恶、欲。这里指男女之情。

[31]往来潮热，大小伤寒，急慢风惊：潮热、伤寒、急慢惊风都是疾病的名称。急惊风，小儿急痫；慢惊风，脑膜炎之类的病；伤寒，中医所指的伤寒和西医不同。

[32]丁零：零丁，孤单。

[33]半边儿：女婿称半子，这里指女儿。

Scene 1 An Inquiry

(Enter Zhen, Lady Du.)

Zhen (Singing to the tune ofThree Rises):

How shall I live in the rest of my life?

My daughter may be gone before she’s made a wife.

With loneliness I shall then be in strife. (Shedding tears)

She is the pearl in my heart.

Of my flesh she’s a part.

What could I do

If what I fear should come true?

Others may have seven sons to enjoy their fill.

Why should my only daughter fall ill?

(Singing to the tune ofPure Serene Music):

She is so delicate a flower

That Heaven would pity her in her bower.

Why should violent wind and rain

Haress her with might and main?

She should confine herself behind the screen.

Who tells her to be drunk in windy moonlit scene?

My heart is inch by inch half-broken;

My tears stream down when I am woken.

I am nearly fifty years old and yet have only one daughter. I do not know why she has been ill for half a year. Judging by her looks and talk, she seems not have caught a cold. Then what is the matter? The maid must have known it. I will call her for an inquiry. Fragrant!

(Enter Fragrant.)

Fragrant: Here I am. (Singing)

There is no clever boy I have seen with my eyes.

I have to serve my frail mistress who in bed lies.

I hear my old lady call me from the hall.

Is there any wine or rouge left over at all?

I kowtow to Your Ladyship.

Zhen: Your young mistress was in good health half a year before you attended on her. How could she have fallen ill since your service? How could she? How could she? Now tell me about her meals.

Fragrant: (Singing to the tune ofListening on Horse):

She neither eats nor drinks. She won’t answer even when asked. She only sheds tears, endures secret pain and laughs it away, then feels at a loss and falls asleep, and wakes up with drowsy eyes or sleep with eyes wideopen.

Zhen: The doctor was sent for three days ago. What did he say?

Fragrant: He used acupuncture, but it could not cure her tender heart. He used magic pills, but how could pills cure her of lovesickness?

Zhen: What is she ill of?

Fragrant: I do not know. (Singing)

She lies in bed when autumn winds sing,

But she suffers from illness of late spring.

Zhen (Sobbing): How could it be so?

(Singing to the previous tune):

How could she grow so slender

And lose the grace the stars would lend her?

It must be you who have induced her to become thus.

Since olden days flowers have played their part;

Orioles and swallows have shown their art,

And the moon and clouds know her heart.

On your knees, you tricky maid! You shall be punished with the rod.

Fragrant (Kneeling): I really do not know the cause.

Zhen: How could you make her jade-like body grow so lean,

And move her mind so keen?

Fragrant: I do not know how she got ill while enjoying flowers and willow trees.

Zhen (Angered): You tricky and talkative maid! See how I shall punish your evil tongue.

Fragrant: Do not hurt your hand, Madame. I will tell you what I know. You remember the day when you came across us coming back from the garden? It is on that day my young mistress told me that a young scholar snapped a twig from a willow tree and asked her to write a verse in its praise. She declined it because he was not an acquaintance.

Zhen: That was all right. What then?

Fragrant: Then the scholar held her in his hands and put her down in his arms and carried her off to the Peony Pavilion.

Zhen: What for?

Fragrant: How could I know it? My young mistress was dreaming.

Zhen (Startled): Was it a dream?

Fragrant: Yes, it was.

Zhen: Then she must have been haunted. We should let it be known to our lord.

Fragrant: Would it please Your Lordship to come out?

(Enter Du.)

Du (Singing): I fear too heavy is my official duty,

Too light the plate of jade to hold a beauty.

Madame, how is our dear daughter? Has she got better now?

Zhen (Sobbing): My lord, will you please lend me your ears?

(Singing to the previous tune):

Talking about how she got ill,

My heart feels painful still.

I see her seldom rise but often asleep.

When she smiles, she seems to weep,

Or like a shapeless shadow trying to peep.

It is because she visited the back garden and dreamed of a young man holding a willow twig and carrying her away. I am afraid her slender waist had offended the willow sprite or the floral fairy. Oh, my lord, would you please pray to the stars that they should shed no light to do her harm!

Du: How could you come to that again! I engaged Master Chen to teach her classics so that she might refrain herself. How could you, as her mother, let her spend her leisure to stroll in the back garden? (Smiling) Now she was warmed by sunshine and then caught cold in the breeze. I do not think she needs any witch to pray to the stars. As the saying goes, if you believe in the witch and not in the doctor, you can cure no illness. I will ask Master Chen to diagnose her pulse.

Zhen: What is the use of diagnoses? lf she were betrothed earlier, how could she have been affected by such disease?

Du: It is said in the books that man should get married at thirty and woman at twenty. She has not yet reached womanhood. What could she know about man and wife?

(Singing to the previous tune):

How could our daughter know love at sixteen years old?

She’s only affected by alternate heat and cold.

It’s all your fault: if you treasure the pearl in hand,

No illness in the heart could she not withstand.

Together (Sobbing): A lonely pair of man and wife

Pray Heaven to bless the treasure of their life.

(Exeunt.)

Epilogue of the Scene

She’s ill when the east breeze rises from willow trees;

The whole family grieves with tears shed on the sleeves.

They seek for medicinal herb from helping hand,

Could they meet an immortal in the fairy land?

未经允许不得转载：帕布莉卡 » 《许渊冲译牡丹亭》第四本 第一出 诘病 -《牡丹亭》英译-《牡丹亭》中英双语赏析