Old Black Joe and Other Songs ——Xiao Qian🔥背景知识：萧乾(1910- 1999)原名箫炳乾，著名老报人、作家、翻译家。所著《从〈老黑奴〉说起》一文原载1992年4月6日《羊城晚报》。🎈题目《从〈老黑奴〉说起》，斟酌文章内容，译为Old Black Joe and Other Songs，简明利落，比直译A Chat Beginning with Old Black Joe可取。🎈《老黑奴》是一首由史蒂芬·柯林斯·福斯特（1826-1864）创作的美国民歌，原名《old black Joe》。作者写作本曲除了寄托对老黑奴的哀思以外，也融进了对自己当时境遇的哀叹。1985年5月，我去武汉参加“黄鹤楼笔会”那次，In May 1985, I went to Wuhan to attend the Huanghelou Writers’ Forum.🎈attend和很多名词都能搭配奔丧 attend one’s funeral参加会议attend a meeting 上学，去上学attend school 上课attend class 听讲座，上课attend a lecture 上大学attend university 东道主湖北省文联曾邀请来自各地的作家们乘豪华的长江客轮，畅游三峡。The Hubei Federation of Literary and Art Circles, acting as host for the event, invited us, writers from all over the country, to go on a delightful trip to the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River by luxury liner.🎈acting as host for the event作伴随状语，表明「湖北省文联」的「东道主」身份。Q：host是可数名词，那acting as host for the event中host前为什么无冠词？🎈 ①host虽然为可数名词，但其作为「主人」之意构成的搭配都是不带冠词的，但可有复数：be host at / act as host to例句Fred was host at the Old Boys’ dinner.He acted as host to his father’s friends.Last night we were hosts to some friends.②但是若其前面带定语或本身作定语或不做「主人」之意，则应有冠词例句be a host in oneself 能以一当十Don’t worry about the party. He can be a host in himself. 别担心晚会（没人筹办），他一人能干几个人的活。 He was a perfect/welcoming host. 他十分热情好客。The host country said that… 主办国说……🎈writers from all over the country是us的同位语。🎈「游轮」译作liner，指客轮，货轮是freighter🎈 湖北省文联the Hubei Federation of Literary and Art Circles长江三峡the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River我曾在秋天去过三峡。春日的三峡风光明媚，更加清丽可人。Having previously visited the autumn scene of the Three Gorges, I now found it even more picturesque and enchanting in spring.🎈我曾在秋天去过三峡。春日的三峡风光明媚，更加清丽可人，两句内容紧密连贯，最好合并起来译为一句：Having previously visited the autumn scene of the Three Gorges, I now found it even more picturesque and enchanting in spring，其中Having previously visited the autumn scene of the Three Gorges是Having previously visited the Three Gorges in autumn的变通。🎈find+宾语+宾语补足语的结构中，宾补可以是：①形容词I found the text difficult to understand.课文很难理解②名词或代词I find it a boring film.是部无聊的片子③副词Mary hurried there, only to find them/all out.发现他们都出去了④介词短语When he woke up, he found him in hospital.在医院里⑤不定式They find the Chinese people to be happy and cheerful.发现中国人很幸福快乐⑥现在分词We found him waiting to receive us.发现他正等着迎接我们⑦过去分词The old man found his hometown much changed.发现故乡变化很大同船的还有个外国旅游团，是由抗战时在滇缅前线同我们并肩作战过的美国名将史迪威的女儿南西率领的。On the same ship was an American tourist group headed by Nancy, daughter of famous US general Joseph Warren Stilwell, who served in China during World War II, fighting side by side with Chinese soldiers against Japan on the Yunnan-Burma front.🎈 On the same ship was an American tourist group…：地点状语置于句首，句子要倒装。🎈「在滇缅前线同我们并肩作战过的美国名将史迪威的女儿南西」中，我们能看到「在滇缅前线同我们并肩作战过的」和「美国名将史迪威的女儿」都是修饰成分，前者修饰「美国名将史迪威」，后者修饰「南西」，译文将其处理为了一个who引导的定语从句和作同位语的插入成分，较好地保持了句式平衡与衔接。船航到神女峰脚下时，我们正在甲板上举行着一次联欢会。When the ship arrived at the foot of Mount Goddess, we were in the midst of a get-together on deck.🎈在山顶at the top of the mountain在山麓、山脚at the foot of the mountain在半山腰at the middle of the mountain/be half way up the mountain🎈「我们正在甲板上举行着一次联欢会」译为we were in the midst of a get-together on deck，其中in the midst of意同in the middle of，两者都是成语，作「正忙于」解。又，get-together意同small social gathering, party, meeting等。他们鼓掌一定要我们也出个节目。The American friends, clapping their hands, persistently called on us for a performance.🎈clapping their hands作伴随状语。🎈要求，呼吁，号召call on/upon sb for sth或call on/upon sb to do sth。此外，call on/upon sb可表示(短暂)拜访，探访，看望冯骥才《富人区》前不久，一位南方朋友来看我……Not long ago, a friend of mine called on me on his arrival from southern China.为了表示友好, 我们几个就凑在一起（记得有宗璞、艾芜、邹荻帆、绿原和黄裳）用英语唱了一首《老黑奴》。So, to be friendly, we, including Zong Pu, Ai Wu, Zou Difan, Lu Yuan and Huang Chang, if I remember correctly, grouped together to sing in English the American folk song Old Black Joe.🎈friendly虽然以-ly结尾，却是实打实的形容词。🎈原文中是「记得有…」，并不是一种十分肯定的语气，故译作if I remember correctly（如果我没记错的话）是恰当的。又，翻译时遇到破折号、小括号等，可灵活处理。🎈 the American folk song是增益成分，对《老黑奴》进行了一定的补充说明，帮助读者更好理解。唱得当然十分蹩脚：声音既不洪亮，肯定还常走调。Our vocal performance, as expected, turned out lousy. We sang in a low and unclear voice, and evidently out of tune again and again.🎈「唱得当然十分蹩脚」可译为Our vocal performance, as expected, turned out lousy，其中lousy是俗语，意同poor。又，「当然」意即「意料之中」，故译为as expected，比of course确切。此句也可译为We sang very poorly as expected。又，turn out意为(以某种方式)发生，最后是，结果是，是连系动词短语例句I was positive things were going to turn out fine.我确信事情最终会好起来的。🎈out of有多种含义，下面列出几种：①离开ran out of the office从办公室跑了出去②失去out of control失控out of breath喘不过气out of speech说不出话来③来自She paid for it out of her own pocket.这笔费用是她自掏腰包支付的。④出自、由于out of pity处于怜悯心out of loyalty本着一片忠心这是一支十分凄凉的歌曲，黑人厌倦了尘世，听到已死去的亲人的呼唤，渴望奔向另一世界。所以在叠句歌里就反复唱着：我来啦，我来啦。It was a very sad and plaintive song. The said Black Joe, being sick and tired of the mortal world, longs to go to a better world on hearing the gentle voice of his departed folks calling, “Old Black Joe!” Hence the refrain, “I’m coming, I’m coming!”🎈plaintive表示（sound或voice）悲伤的，哀怨的，常见于文学语言。🎈being sick and tired of the mortal world作原因状语。be sick and tired of表示「对……十分厌倦」，是惯用表达，和单独使用的be sick of或be tired of相比，语气更为强烈。例句I’m sick and tired of people not trusting me.我受够了别人的猜疑。🎈longs to go to a better world on hearing the gentle voice of…中， long to do sth意为「渴望…」。又，on hearing the gentle voice of作时间状语，我们在之前的学习中见过很多次类似的用法老舍《养花》送牛奶的同志，进门就夸“好香”！…whenever the milkman exclaims on entering our gate, “What a sweet smell!”中的on entering our gate也作时间状语。🎈尘世译作the mortal world。「另一世界」可译为the other world、a better world、a better land等。这样充满悲哀情调的歌，与当时甲板上的欢乐气氛，实在很不协调。The song, full of pathos, was completely out of harmony with the joyous atmosphere of the moment on deck.🎈full of pathos作补充语，也可理解为非限制性定语，对the song进一步说明。🎈此刻of the moment可是唱完之后，居然博得了美国旅伴们一阵热烈的掌声。Nevertheless, we won the warm applause of our American fellow travelers.🎈「旅伴们」译作fellow travelers，其中fellow作形容词，表示「同类的、同事的、同伴的、同情况的」等例句fellow members/citizens/workers同一组织的成员，同胞，同事每年的政府工作报告中也能看到fellow这个词的身影，文件开头便是Follow Deputies（各位代表）我们这些平素伏案爬格子的对自己这一番反串，倒也颇有些飘飘然。Writers by profession, we felt quite self-satisfied after acting a role other than our own. 🎈「我们这些平素爬格子的」意即「我们这些耍笔杆子的」「我们这些作家们」，故译为 Writers by profession（职业作家）、As writers等。我们得意的不一定是因为那掌声，而是对自己感到既愉快又吃惊：这么多年，竟然还没把它忘掉！But we felt pleased with ourselves not because of the warm applause, but because we were surprised to find ourselves still remembering the words of the song after so many years.🎈「还没把它忘掉」译作still remembering the words of the song。注意两点：一是反话正说手法的运用，二是适当补充，使表意更准确，此处补充出了the words of（歌词）。这首歌的歌词和曲调都同出自19世纪中叶美国作曲家斯蒂芬·福斯特之手。Both the words and tune of the song were written by Stephen C. Foster, famous American composer of the 19th century.🎈斯蒂芬·福斯特（Stephen·Collins·Foster,1826-1864)，美国伟大的作曲家，以歌曲创作为主，自学成才。他出生于宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡。他在匹兹堡的棉花仓库担任工作期间，接触了黑人演唱的歌曲，对他后来的创作产生重要影响。一生他写了近200多首美丽动人的歌曲，其中有160余首已出版，而且几乎全是自己创作歌词。如，《哦，苏珊娜》、《尼德叔叔》、《家园的亲人》、《我的肯塔基故乡》、《金发的珍妮姑娘》、《美丽的梦中人》、《老黑奴》等。他出生于1826年，一共只活了短短的38年。南北战争打响两年后（1864），他就去世了。Born in 1826, he died in 1864, two years after the outbreak of the American Civil War, ending a short life of only 38.🎈「南北战争」指「美国内战」(1861—1865)，应译为the American Civil War。可惜我没读过他的传记，Much to my regret, I haven’t read any of his biographies yet. 🎈 令某人可惜/惋惜/遗憾的是Much to one’s regret🎈 yet在否定句中常译作「还、尚、迄今、到那时」他肯定十分同情黑人并为他们抱不平的。He must have had every sympathy with Black Americans and championed justice to them.🎈「他肯定十分同情黑人并为之抱不平的」译为He must have had every sympathy with Black Americans and championed justice to them，其中every sympathy意同deep sympathy；又，championed justice to them的意思是「捍卫黑人的正义」我熟悉好几首他编的描述黑人生活的歌曲，像《双亲在家园》（1851）。I’m familiar with quite a few songs of his composition describing the sad plight of Blacks, such as Old Folks at Home (1851).🎈quite a/an（或a quite）+形容词+名词具有积极的修饰效果。🎈describing the sad plight of Blacks是songs的后置定语。我还有幸在伦敦的一次音乐会上，听过著名黑人歌手保罗·罗伯逊唱过《老人河》。那次，他还唱了咱们的《游击队之歌》。I was happy to listen to famous Black singer Paul Robeson sing Old Man River at a concert in London. He then also sang our Song of Guerillas.🎈《游击队之歌》（Song of Guerillas）：是一首进行曲风格的群众歌曲。是中国著名作曲家贺绿汀于1937年所作。《游击队歌》曲调轻快、流畅、生动、活泼，以富于弹性的小军鼓般的节奏贯穿全曲，既给曲调以进行感，又表达了游击战士们巧妙、灵活地与敌人周旋，伺机消灭敌人的典型形象。20世纪90年代初，这首《游击队歌》毫无争议地入选「20世纪华人音乐经典」很奇怪，河的形象时常在黑人的歌曲中出现。像“远远地在斯旺尼河上”。Strangely, Black people often sing of rivers in their songs, as witness “Way down upon the Swanee River, far, far away” in Old Folks at Home.🎈讲述，歌颂，赞美sing of🎈以……为证 as witness…例句My father prospered perceptibly, as witness the garage, the Ford, the trips by train and steamship. 我的父亲明显地发达了，有了车库和福特车，坐火车和轮船出差。也许他们在美国南方那一望无际的旱地上干活，受着白人的虐待，心里渴望有一片水。It is perhaps because they were dying for water while toiling under White tyranny on the boundless stretch of arid land in the southern states.🎈It is perhaps because中的 because是增译成分，原文虽无其词而有其意。🎈they were dying for water while toiling under White tyranny：主从句主语一致，且从句谓语中有be动词，从句省略主语和be动词。🎈一大片a vast stretch of天堂也经常在黑人歌曲中出现。Likewise, heaven often appears in their songs.🎈注意表达的多样性。此处「出现」采用了与上句不同的译文，译作appear in。处于绝境的人们就是靠这种幻想来解脱一些痛苦。It is because people in a hopeless situation often indulge in fantasies to free themselves from innermost sufferings.🎈 It is because是增译成分，补充逻辑关系，使译文自然不费解。🎈「来解脱一些痛苦」即「摆脱痛苦、让自己从痛苦中解脱出来」，现译作free themselves from innermost sufferings。其中innermost（内心深处的）是作者根据自己理解增添的成分，指（处于绝境的人们）内心的煎熬与痛苦。福斯特也有些歌写得轻快。Some of Foster’s songs are nevertheless very lively.🎈「也有些歌写得轻快」中的「也」绝不能译成also。这里「也」是一种转折，将歌曲的「凄凉」与「轻快」进行对比，故译作nevertheless。像他的《苏珊娜》(1848)就描绘出一个歪戴宽沿草帽，无忧无虑的牛仔在追求着他心爱的姑娘。Take Oh! Susanna(1848) for example. It describes how a care-free cowboy, tilting his broad-brimmed straw hat sideways, is paying court to a girl he loves.🎈以……为例 Take… for example 🎈「歪戴宽沿草帽」可译为tilting his broad-brimmed straw hat sideways或wearing his wide-brimmed straw hat askew。🎈献殷勤，奉迎，讨好，追求pay ˈcourt to sb例句I assume it’s just an excuse so Charles can pay court to Mary.查尔斯大概只是想借机来追求玛丽吧。他在歌中除了抒发黑人在奴役中的痛苦之外，也亲切地描绘了他们的生活。It depicts not only the misery of the enslaved Blacks, but also their way of life.🎈此句在介绍歌曲的内容，故灵活选用主语，直接让「歌（it）」作主语，省去了「他在（歌中）」。这种处理方式值得我们学习。像《我的肯塔基故乡》就富于泥土气息，真切生动地唱出了美国南方黑人的生活情景：“玉米穗成熟。牧场遍地花怒放；小鸟终日歌唱好悠扬，娃娃滚戏小农舍地板上。” My Old Kentucky Home, for example, is a song full of local color. See the following genuine and vivid picture it gives of the life of the Blacks in the southern states: “The corn top’s ripe and the meadow’s in the bloom. While the birds make music all the day, the young folks roll on the little cabin floor.”🎈此小段注意意群划分的位置：…富于泥土气息//真切生动地唱出了美国南方黑人的生活……。很多人会选择按「……生活情景//：玉米穗成熟……」划分，乍一看没大问题，但要继续往下翻的时候会发现不知道如何与具体的「生活情景」衔接。不过歌曲仍是在忧伤中结束的：莫再哭泣，姑娘，今天莫再哀伤，我们唱一支歌，为肯塔基故乡，为那遥远的肯塔基故乡。But the song still ends up with grief:Weep no more, my lady, oh! Weep no more today!We will sing one song for the old Kentucky Home,For the old Kentucky Home, far away.🎈以……结尾/结束end up with例句Strays always end up with someone who needs them.流浪猫总能找到需要它们的人。当然，有些流传到中国的美国歌曲描绘的不一定都是黑人的生活。Of course, not all American songs prevalent in China are about the life of Black people.🎈有些人可能认为「流传到中国的美国歌曲」译文中的prevalent（流行、盛行）一词并不恰当，因为此处原文并未提及这些歌曲在中国的受欢迎程度，只是说「流传到」，而不是「流传在」。译文只是反映了译者自己的理解，而且文章后半部分也提到了这些歌曲「在中国风行」，故prevalent是正确的。大家按自己的理解进行翻译即可。我记得有一支曲子是写铁路建筑工人的。这里也可以看到19世纪美国向西部开发时的艰苦。One of them, I remember, is about American railway workers, showing the great hardship they suffered during the 19th-century westward development of the country.🎈 I remember、I think等常作插入语。🎈背景知识补充：the 19th-century westward development指美国的西部大开发——「西进运动」。西进运动（Westward Movement）是指美国东部居民向西部地区迁移和进行开发的群众性运动，始于18世纪末，终于19世纪末20世纪初。运动大大促进了美国经济的发展，但是，随着西进运动的进行，大批印第安人遭到屠杀，幸存者被强行赶到更为荒凉的「保留地」。印第安人被迫迁徙之路也被称为印第安人的「血泪之路」。//西进过程中，大批移民出于不同的原因迁往西部，客观上缓和了社会矛盾，扩大了国内市场。从某种意义上说，没有西进运动，就没有后来美国在资本主义世界举足轻重的地位。//西进运动是美国拓宽疆土，吞并土地的一种侵略行为，它开发了如今的美国西部地区，消灭了众多印第安文明。同样流行于30年代的一首外国歌曲是《伏尔加船夫曲》。Another foreign song popular in China during the thirties was The Song of the Volga Boatmen.🎈the thirties指三十年代。吴冠中的《上海街头》也出现了这一表达：在上海的我的老师和同学仍大都住在拥挤不堪的里弄里，仍可体验产生三十年代文学的环境。Most of my former teachers and schoolmates there are still living in the close quarters of lanes and alleys, experiencing the same environment that had produced literature of the thirties.像咱们的四川号子一样，这里描绘的是在伏尔加河上拉纤的俄罗斯河工的苦状。Like the Sichuan labor chant, it describes the misery of Russian boat-trackers along the Volga River.Q：「号子」是什么？🎈劳动号子简称「号子」，北方常称「吆号子」，南方常称「喊号子」，是一种民间歌曲，其音乐形象粗犷豪迈、坚实有力。号子是直接伴随体力劳动，并和劳动节奏密切配合的民歌。在劳动过程中，尤其是集体协作性较强的劳动，为了统一步伐，调节呼吸，释放身体负重的压力，劳动者常常发出吆喝或呼叫。他们背着纤绳，弯着腰，哎哟嗬，哎哟嗬地吆喝着，呻吟着。They bend their shoulders to the tow-line, chanting in a loud voice, “Yo heave oh! Yo heave oh!”🎈「背着纤绳，弯着腰」译作bend their shoulders to the tow-line。其中，bend shoulders有「弯腰」之意，但要甚于「弯腰」。建议大家自行去网上搜索「拉纤」的图片（拉纤工人们以近乎匍匐的姿态拉着纤绳前进），会对这一场景有更深刻的理解。一把又一把地掬着，吃力地向前踏步。They inch forward laboriously, pulling the line hand over hand.🎈「一把又一把地掬着，吃力地向前踏步」译为They inch forward laboriously, pulling the line hand over hand，其中hand over hand是成语，作「双手交互使用地」解。这些外国歌曲那时在中国那么风行，当然是因为它们歌词朴素，曲调又琅琅上口，The erstwhile popularity of these songs in China was no doubt due to their simple and readable words. 🎈「当然是因为」可译作was no doubt due to，也可译作was of course due to。🎈这句话没什么想特别解释的地方。看到readable这个词，突然想起庄绎传先生提过的翻译标准Readability。书上原话这样写道「记得好几年以前，有一次，一位老翻译家交给我一篇短文，让我译成中文。这篇短文译好以后是准备请人在纪念苏格兰诗人彭斯的晚会上朗诵的。他对我说: “我只提出一个字的要求: Readability!”就先说说readability这个词怎样译吧。译作 “可读性” 好不好? 如果这样译，那么这个译文所缺少的正是readability. 我觉得这个词可以译作：读起来上口。若嫌啰嗦，也可以只用一个字: 顺。其实，也不一定是只有拿到纪念会上去朗诵的译文才要求readable, 这个要求应适用于一切译文。」但我认为这还不是主要的。But, I think, that is not the main cause.🎈此句实则意为「但我认为这还不是主要的（原因）」，故而增译cause。这里既包含着中国人民对于美国黑奴以及伏尔加河纤工的深切同情，同时，也抒发了我们自己在生活中的怨艾。In fact, it had much to do with the deep sympathy of the Chinese people for Black Americans and Volga boat-trackers. Meanwhile, it also reflected our own feeling of resentment against foreign aggressors.🎈此段是对「原因」的进一步说明。🎈「在生活中的怨艾」结合时代背景译作our own feeling of resentment against foreign aggressors。当时的中国，也是喘息在列强的重压之下。北京东交民巷的围墙上还有对着市民的黑洞洞的炮眼，In those days, dark portholes trained on Chinese residents were still lurking on top of the walls surrounding the Legation Quarter in Beijing.🎈「对着市民的黑洞洞的炮眼」译为dark portholes trained on Chinese residents，其中trained on作「对准」「瞄准」解。🎈Beijing——The district in Beijing where legations of big powers were located between 1861 and 1959.🎈Legation Quarter指使馆区。上海马路还有红头阿三在巡逻。And turbaned Indian policemen were patrolling the streets of Shanghai.🎈Indian policemen ——Referring to turbaned Sikhs hired by the Municipal Council of the then International Settlement in Shanghai to police the streets.🎈「红头阿三」为沪语，指「戴头巾的印度巡捕」，故译为turbaned Indian police。当时，上海英租界雇用的印度警察大都是头戴各色头巾的印度锡克人。正因为如此，在中国戏剧史上最早上演的外国话剧是《黑奴吁天录》（如今改译为《汤姆叔叔的小木屋》）。That also accounts for why Uncle Tom’s Cabin was the first foreign play ever staged in China.🎈在学习时注意积累表原因的各种表达。如此处的account for（导致、解释）🎈stage作动词时，可表示「组织上演(戏剧、演出等)」「组织(活动或仪式，如罢工)」歌曲的流行，往往是由于引起共鸣。Songs often owe their popularity to the sympathetic response of the public.🎈把A归因/归功于B owe A to B例句He owed his survival to his strength as a swimmer…他是因为水性好才幸免于难的。🔥必背词汇erstwhile adj.以往的，往昔的英义You use erstwhile to describe someone that used to be the type of person indicated, but no longer is.例句Erstwhile workers may have become managers.过去的工人可能已经成了经理。tilt v.使倾斜，使歪斜英义If you tilt an object or if it tilts, it moves into a sloping position with one end or side higher than the other.例句She tilted the mirror and began to comb her hair.她斜过镜子开始梳理头发。tyranny un.专横，苛刻，严酷英义If you describe someone’s behaviour and treatment of others that they have authority over as tyranny, you mean that they are severe with them or unfair to them.例句I’m the sole victim of Mother’s tyranny.我是唯一受母亲严加管制的人。enchanting adj.迷人的，令人陶醉的英义If you describe someone or something as enchanting, you mean that they are very attractive or charming.例句She’s an absolutely enchanting child.她是个非常讨人喜欢的孩子。picturesque adj.风景如画的，有自然美景的英义A picturesque place is attractive and interesting, and has no ugly modern buildings.例句Alte, in the hills northwest of Loule, is the Algarve’s most picturesque village.位于洛莱西北部山区的阿尔特，是阿尔加维风景最美丽的村庄。🔥重点表达《老黑奴》Old Black Joe湖北省文联the Hubei Federation of Literary and Art Circles长江三峡the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River在滇缅前线on the Yunnan-Burma front并肩作战fighting side by side with联欢会a get-together一定要我们也出个节目persistently called on us for a performance走调out of tune厌倦了尘世being sick and tired of the mortal world博得了美国旅伴们一阵热烈的掌声won the warm applause of our American fellow travelers南北战争the American Civil War《游击队之歌》Song of Guerillas以……为证 as witness…三十年代the thirties 四川号子the Sichuan labor chant背着纤绳，弯着腰bend their shoulders to the tow-line双手交互使用地hand over hand 《汤姆叔叔的小木屋》Uncle Tom’s Cabin把A归因/归功于B owe A to B共鸣the sympathetic response of the public🔥复盘测试《老黑奴》湖北省文联长江三峡在滇缅前线并肩作战联欢会一定要我们也出个节目走调厌倦了尘世博得了美国旅伴们一阵热烈的掌声南北战争《游击队之歌》以……为证 三十年代四川号子背着纤绳，弯着腰双手交互使用地《汤姆叔叔的小木屋》把A归因/归功于B 共鸣🔥表达对比「出现」有几种表达？天堂也经常在黑人歌曲中（出现）。 Likewise, heaven often appears in their songs.我记得有一支曲子是写铁路建筑工人的。这里也（可以看到）19世纪美国向西部开发时的艰苦。One of them, I remember, is about American railway workers, showing the great hardship they suffered during the 19th-century westward development of the country.很奇怪，河的形象时常在黑人的歌曲中（出现）。像“远远地在斯旺尼河上”。Strangely, Black people often sing of rivers in their songs, as witness “Way down upon the Swanee River, far, far away” in Old Folks at Home.病人因（出现）并发症而死亡。Complications set in, and the patient died.它的（出现）标志着春天的到来。Her emergence marks the beginning of spring.
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爱是一颗心遇到另一颗心（出处+配图） 
《乱世佳人》电影专题
