萧乾Spirit of Edgar Snow—Marking the 20th Anniversary of Snow’s DeathXiao Qian🔥背景知识：萧乾所著《斯诺精神》一文原载1992年7月3日《人民日报》🎈关于标题，想说下mar的常见用法。①表示纪念、庆祝。比如，“…（比如:今年）是xx的…周年纪念日”可以说This year marks the +序数词 anniversary of xx。②表示「标志、意味着、是……的征兆」。比如：xx marks the end of an extraordinary period（标志着一个伟大时代的终结）我一生有过几次幸运和巧遇，其中之一是三十年代当上了斯诺的学生。I owe several happy events in my life to a lucky chance. One of them was when I became a student of Edgar Snow’s in the 1930s.🎈「我一生有过几次幸运和巧遇」按「我一生中由于幸运和巧遇，有过几件快事」之意译为I owe several happy events in my life to a lucky chance，其中owe A to B是「把A归功于B」的意思，「幸运」和「巧遇」合并起来译为a lucky chance。又，happy events（快事）是译者添加的成分，也可用delightful happenings表达此意。当然，去掉增译成分直接处理为I had several luck and fortuitous events也是可以的。当时他的本职是任英美两家报纸驻北平的记者。He was then a reporter for two foreign newspapers in Peiping, owned respectively by Britons and Americans. 🎈 then作副词不止可以表示「然后」，还可以「当时」例句I spent years on the dole trying to get bands together and I never worried about money then.我多年靠救济金过活，一直在努力组建乐队，那时，我从不为钱发愁。🎈a reporter for two foreign newspapers中的for也可替换为of，表示所属关系，但for有一层「为之工作、从事」的含义。🎈owned respectively by Britons and Americans是非限制性定语，可以理解为which were owned by …，修饰two foreign newspapers。一九三三至一九三五年间，他应聘在燕京大学新闻系兼了课。From 1933 to 1935, he was concurrently a teacher at the Journalism Department of Yenching University.🎈「兼了课」是指（他）不仅当记者，还在大学任教，参考译文用concurrently（同时）一词表明「兼」之意。🎈「新闻系」译作the Journalism Department。以此类推，「哲学系」就可以说the Philosophy Department。斯诺仅仅在燕大教了这两年书，而我恰好就在那两年由辅仁大学的英文系转到了燕京大学的新闻系。During the two years when he was with this University, I happened to be a student there, having been previously transferred from the English Department of Catholic University in Peiping.🎈During the two years when he was with this University中when引导定语从句，先行词是the two years。又，was with this University表示「在这所大学里」，此时with意为「为…工作、受雇于…」，也可替换为was in this University（在大学教书或做其他工作等），但不可换用介词at（指在大学读书）🎈「我恰好就在那两年由辅仁大学的英文系转到了燕京大学的新闻系」处理为：先交代「我的学生身份」，后接伴随状语进一步补充「我的转系经历」。又，前半部分直接处理为时间状语，两部分就很自然地衔接成了一句，结构很紧凑。🎈辅仁大学（Fu Jen Catholic University）：辅仁大学简称辅大，由马相伯先生于1927年创立。旧称为辅仁社、北京公教大学、私立北京辅仁大学、私立北平辅仁大学、国立辅仁大学等。辅大曾与20世纪初的北大、清华、燕大并称北平四大名校。我毕业后，他也辞去这个兼差，去了延安并写出他的杰作《红星照耀中国》——即《西行漫记》。Upon my graduation, he resigned the concurrent job and went to Yan’an where he wrote his masterpiece Red Star Over China.🎈「我毕业后，他也辞去这个兼差」译作Upon my graduation, he resigned the concurrent job。其中，upon my graduation作时间状语，表示「一毕业，就…」，从侧面凸显了「斯诺仅仅在燕大教了这两年书，而我恰好就……」的「恰好」🎈the concurrent job 兼职当时燕大教授多属学院派，In those days, professors at Yenching University were mostly an academic type.🎈「当时燕大教授多属学院派」译为In those days, professors at Yenching University were mostly an academic type。原文「多属学院派」含意应为「大都是学究式人物」，可译为were mostly an academic type或were mostly academically-inclined。不管教什么，都先引经据典，在定义上下功夫。Whatever they taught, they would, first of all, give copious references to the classics and spend very much time on definitions.🎈「引经据典」译作give copious references to the classics，其中copious（大量的）是增译成分，原文虽无其词而有其意，和「下功夫」一词相呼应，体现「学院派」作风。而且，大都是先生讲，学生听。More often than not, they did all the talking while the students did nothing but listen.🎈通常、往往、一贯、多半 more/as often than not例句As often as not, he’s late for work.他上班往往迟到。🎈原文的主语可以看作「真实情况」（是先生讲……），参考译文直接选择「先生」和「学生」作主语，并用while一词将前后连接，是一种可以借鉴的处理方式。又，they一词指上文提到的「燕大教授」，内容衔接较为顺畅。课堂上轻易听不见什么讨论。There was practically no classroom discussion at all.🎈practically除了表示「实际上、实践上」，还可表示「简直、几乎」例句I know people who find it practically impossible to give up smoking.我认识一些人，他们觉得戒烟几乎是不可能的。斯诺则不然。他着重讲实践，鼓励讨论。Snow, however, did otherwise. He gave priority to practice and encouraged discussion.🎈给大家几个「着重/重视」的替换表达attach importance to…pay attention to…give priority to…focus on…emphasize…prioritize…更重要的是，他是通过和同学们交朋友的方式来进行教学。And more importantly, he did teaching by way of making friends with his students.🎈 by way of此处意为「通过…的方式」。但有些语境中，by way of表示的是「作为 … 的形式」，比如She rolled her eyes by way of an answer and left.（她转动了一下眼睛作为回答就走了）。意思刚好是反过来的，注意区分。除了课堂，对我们更具吸引力的，是他在海淀住宅的那座客厅。We found the reception room in his Haidian residence more appealing than the classroom.🎈整个句子的主体结构：find sth adj，其中adj.是宾补。🎈the reception room接待室、客房bedroom卧室bathroom浴室、洗澡间the waiting room of XX station指候车厅。the changing room更衣室the fitting room试衣间the dining room餐厅the guest room客厅他和海伦都极好客，他们时常举行茶会或便餐，He and his wife Helen were very hospitable and often entertained us with tea or potluck.🎈entertained sb with sth用某物招待某人🎈区分两个单词：hostile充满敌意的、hospitable热情好客的。平时大门也总是敞着的。They would usually keep open house for us.🎈「平时大门也总是敞着的」不宜按字面直译为They would usually leave the door wide open，现译为They would usually keep open house for us，其中to keep open house是成语，作「随时欢迎来客」解。一九二五年春天，正是在他那客厅里，我第一次见到了史沫特莱。In the spring of 1935, it was in that reception room that I met Agnes Smedley for the first time.🎈it was in that reception room that I met Agnes Smedley for the first time是it was… that…强调句结构。🎈Agnes Smedley(1892-1950), an American woman journalist and writer known for her sympathetic chronicling of the Chinese revolution. During the 1930s, she traveled with the English Route and New Fourth Armies on China’s battlefields.当时，由于怕国民党特务找她的麻烦，她故意隐瞒了自己的真实姓名。At that time, in order to steer clear of harassment by KMT agents, she had changed her name to conceal her true identity.🎈steer clear of 避开，是固定搭配。例句Well, you may wanna steer clear of the word ‘dumped’.你应该避免用“甩”这个字眼。🎈「隐瞒了自己的真实姓名」→隐姓埋名→易名/改变名字（以编造假身份），现译作changed her name to conceal her true identity。斯诺约我去吃晚饭时，就介绍她作“布朗太太”。So, the evening when I had dinner at Snow’s residence, he introduced her to me as “Mrs. Brown.”🎈So是增译成分，指明因果逻辑关系。🎈introduce A to B 把A介绍给B。这个短语除去表示「介绍人的身份」之外，还可表示「把一种事物引入/引进到…」，例如introduce new technologies to China。那阵子我正在读她的《大地的女儿》。因此，席间我不断谈到那本书给予我的感受。其实我并不知道坐在我旁边的就是那本书的作者。As it happened that I was then reading her novel Daughter of Earth, I kept talking at table about my impressions of it, not knowing that the very lady sitting next to me was its author.🎈As it happened that I was then reading her novel Daughter of Earth是as引导的原因状从。🎈not knowing that…作伴随状语。及至史沫特莱离平返沪后，斯诺才告诉我，那晚我可把史沫特莱窘坏了。她以为我把她认了出来。It was not until Smedley had left Peiping for Shanghai that Snow told me how apprehensive she had been that evening when I chatted about the novel, suspecting that I already knew her true identity.🎈It was not until Smedley had left Peiping for Shanghai that …是not until的强调句型。🎈suspect和doubt区别
1、怀疑的结果不同doubt的意思是「疑为非」，suspect的意思是「疑为是」例句I doubt that he is the criminal. 我不相信她是罪犯。I suspect that she is the criminal. 我怀疑她是罪犯。
2、后接从句不同doubt后可接whether或if从句,但suspect则不能。
在读新闻系时，我有个思想问题：我并不喜欢新闻系，特别是广告学那样的课，简直听不进去。While at Yenching University, I had a problem weighing on my mind: I found the study of journalism not to my liking and the advertising course particularly boring.🎈「在读新闻系时」译作While at Yenching University，并非错译。前文已经提到「（我）在燕大读新闻系」，故此中处理方式是完全可以的。🎈weighing on my mind表示「压在我心上、在我心里」例句Your name is something weighing on my mind.你的名字，我的心事。我只是为了取得个记者资格才转系的。Frankly, I had transferred myself to the journalism department of Yenching for the sole purpose of obtaining qualifications for a reporter.🎈「我只是为了取得个记者资格才转系的」译为Frankly, I had transferred myself to the journalism department of Yenching for the sole purpose of obtaining qualifications for a reporter，其中Frankly（坦白说）是译文中的添加词。我的心仍在文学系——因此，常旷了新闻系的课去英文系旁听。Now, with my heart in literature, I often cut journalism classes so as to sit in on English literature classes.🎈「我的心仍在文学系——因此，常旷了新闻系的课去英文系旁听」译为Now, with my heart in literature, I often cut journalism classes so as to sit in on English literature classes，其中to cut作「旷（课）」解，to sit in on是成语，作「旁听」解。斯诺帮我解决了这个矛盾。Snow helped me solve this problem.🎈help sb to do sth/ help sb do sth均可他说，文学同新闻并不相悖，而是相辅相成的。他认为一个新闻记者写的是现实生活，但他必须有文学修养——包括古典文学修养。He told me that instead of being contradictory to each other, literature and journalism were mutually complementary and that in order to write stories of real life, a newsman must be cultured in literature, including classical literature.🎈译文简化完的结构一目了然：He told me that … and that…我毕业那天，他和海伦送了我满满一皮箱的世界文学名著，由亚里士多德至狄更斯。On my commencement day, he and Helen gave me a suitcaseful of world literary classics, ranging from Aristotle to Dickens.🎈commencement或者graduation ceremony都表示「毕业典礼」🎈a suitcaseful of一皮箱的类似的表达还有a handful of 少量的a mouthful of 一口他去世后，我从露易丝·斯诺的书中知道，他临终时，枕边还放着萧伯纳的著作。Later I learned that when he was on his deathbed, a copy of Bernard Shaw‘s work had been found lying by his pillow.🎈deathbed是可数名词，意临终之病榻。弥留之际；垂危；临终on one’s deathbed。鲁彦《父亲》他弥留的时候对我说，一切都满足了。He told me on his deathbed that he had nothing to feel sorry about.斯诺教导我，当的是记者，但写通讯特写时，一定要尽量有点文学味道。I am greatly indebted to Snow for his teachings that literary taste is a must for a reporter’s news dispatches and feature articles.🎈am greatly indebted to Snow for是增译成分，原文虽无其词而有其意，增补出来也无可厚非。又，因某事感激某人be indebted to sb for sth。例句I am deeply indebted to him for his help.我非常感激他对我的帮助。一九三六年当他晓得我给《大公报》所写的冯玉祥访问记被国民党检査官砍得面目皆非——冯将军的抗日主张全部被砍掉了，他立即要我介绍他去访问这位将军——In 1936, when Snow found in The Dagong Bao that the KMT had heavily censored my article Interview with Feng Yu-xiang, with Feng’s anti-Japanese views completely cut out, he wanted me immediately to introduce him to Feng for a visit.🎈Feng Yu-xiang(1882-1948), renowned Chinese general and patriot.🎈「全部被砍掉了」可译作completely cut out，也可参考萧乾《说起香港》有一回审查官甚至把半个版面全给枪毙了Once the British censor even had half a page killed一句，译作killed。不出几天，我就在报上看到日本政府向南京抗议说，身居军事委员会副委员长的冯玉祥，竟然向美国记者斯诺发表了不友好的谈话。A few days later, I found in the newspapers that the Japanese government had protested to the KMT government about the unfriendly remarks from Military Commission Vice-Chairman Feng Yu-xiang in an interview with the American reporter Snow.🎈军事委员会副委员长Military Commission Vice-Chairman / Vice Chairman of the Military Commission一九四四年，我们又在刚刚解放的巴黎见了面。In 1944, Snow and I met again, this time in Paris shortly after its liberation.🎈「刚刚解放的巴黎」译作in Paris shortly after its liberation，把原文中的定语「刚刚解放的」转换为了时间状语shortly after its liberation。当时他是苏联特许的六名釆访东线的记者之一。He was then one of the six reporters specially permitted by the Soviet Union to cover the east front.🎈「特许」译作specially permitted by。表示「向某人表示特别的谢意」，可以说extend/express special thanks to sb🎈cover熟词僻义，此处表示「报道」例句The US news media will cover the trial closely.美国新闻媒体将对该审判进行追踪报道。在酒吧间里他对我说，他在中国的岁月是他一生最难忘，也是最重要的一段日子。He told me in a barroom that the days he had spent in China were his most unforgettable experience and also the most important part of his life.🎈the days he had spent in China相当于the days that he had spent in China。他自幸能在上海结识了鲁迅先生和宋庆龄女士。他是在他们的指引下认识中国的。He thought that he was most fortunate in having got acquainted with Lu Xun and Madame Soong Ching Ling in Shanghai and that it was through their guidance that he had come to understand China.🎈结识某人got acquainted with sb点头之交 a nodding acquaintance 三十年代上半叶，在西方人中间，斯诺最早判断抗日战争迟早必然爆发，而且胜利最后必然属于中国。In the early 1930s, Snow was the first Westerner to predict that the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression would break out sooner or later and that the final victory would certainly belong to China.🎈（最早）判断译作predict，用词非常准确。因为当时事情还没发生，所以一切都是预测，故选用predict。一九四八年，他又在《星期六评论》上接连写了三篇文章，断言中国战后绝不会当苏联的仆从，必然会走自己的路。In 1948, he wrote three articles at a stretch for The Saturday Review, in which he stated with certainty that the post-war China would follow its own course and never become a Soviet flunkey.🎈 at a stretch 一口气地，不休息地一口气，一下子 at a sitting例句：梁实秋《时间即生命》我不长时间看电视，通常只看半个小时。I seldom spend long hours watching TV—usually I watch TV for no more than 30 minutesat a sitting.他这种胆识，这种预见性，是难能可贵的。His courageous foresight was highly commendable.🎈「这种胆识，这种预见性」合并译作courageous foresight。斯诺认为一个记者绝不可光追逐热门新闻，他还必须把人类的正义事业记在心头。不能人云亦云，随波逐流，必须有自己独立的见解观点，必须有良知和正义感。He believed that a journalist should bear in mind the just cause of humanity instead of going after sensational reporting and that he should have independent views, good conscience and sense of justice instead of parroting other people’s opinions and following them blindly.🎈将…记在心中、记住、考虑到 bear/keep…in mind或bear/keep in mind that..🎈cause作「事业」讲，如中华民族伟大复兴的事业也是用cause一词。斯诺的骨灰一部分已留在中国了。Part of Snow’s ashes now rest in China. 🎈rest in China表示「在中国安息」R.I.P.是一种简短的碑铭，意思是愿死者安息！源自拉丁语requiescat in pace（现英文为rest in peace）。只能用于逝去之人的身上，表示对亡者的尊重、祝福和祈祷。我希望他的这种抱负和精神，也能在中国生根。I hope his aspirations and spirit will also take root in this country.🎈take root in在……扎根/生根例句The seed took root in the teapot and began to grow.并且种子在茶壶里生根发芽了。🔥必背词汇parrot v.机械地模仿，鹦鹉学舌般地重复英义If you disapprove of the fact that someone is just repeating what someone else has said, often without really understanding it, you can say that they are parroting it.例句Generations of students have learnt to parrot the standard explanations.一代又一代学生学会了机械地重复这些标准解释。mark v.纪念，庆祝英义If you do something to mark an event or occasion, you do it to show that you are aware of the importance of the event or occasion.例句The four new stamps mark the 100th anniversary of the British Astronomical Association.这四枚新邮票是为了纪念英国天文协会成立100周年而发行的。concurrent adj.同时发生的英义Concurrent events or situations happen at the same time.例句Galerie St. Etienne is holding three concurrent exhibitions.圣艾蒂安美术馆同时举办3场展览。resign v.辞职，辞去，放弃英义If you resign from a job or position, you formally announce that you are leaving it.例句Mr Robb resigned his position last month.罗布先生上个月辞职了。🔥重点表达新闻系the Journalism Department辅仁大学Catholic University《红星照耀中国》Red Star Over China多属学院派were mostly an academic type或were mostly academically-inclined在定义上下功夫spend very much time on definitions通常、往往、一贯、多半more/as often than not接待室、客房the reception room 随时欢迎来客to keep open house国民党特务KMT agents避开steer clear of 压在我心上、在我心里weighing on my mind旁听to sit in on旷课to cut一皮箱的a suitcaseful of 毕业典礼commencement 弥留之际；垂危；临终on one’s deathbed因某事感激某人be indebted to sb for sth军事委员会副委员长Military Commission Vice-Chairman / Vice Chairman of the Military Commission结识某人got acquainted with sb一口气地，不休息地at a stretch 将…记在心中、记住、考虑到bear/keep…in mind或bear/keep in mind that..在……扎根/生根take root in🔥复盘测试新闻系辅仁大学《红星照耀中国》多属学院派在定义上下功夫通常、往往、一贯、多半接待室、客房随时欢迎来客国民党特务避开压在我心上、在我心里旁听旷课一皮箱的毕业典礼弥留之际；垂危；临终因某事感激某人军事委员会副委员长结识某人一口气地，不休息地将…记在心中、记住、考虑到在……扎根/生根🔥表达对比「巧合」有几种表达？我一生有过几次幸运和（巧遇）。I owe several happy events in my life to a lucky chance.斯诺仅仅在燕大教了这两年书，而我（恰好）就在那两年由辅仁大学的英文系转到了燕京大学的新闻系。During the two years when he was with this University, I happened to be a student there, having been previously transferred from the English Department of Catholic University in Peiping.（恰巧）她不是跟我朋友在一起，她是跟别人。It happened that she wasn’t with my friend. She was with someone else.那真的是（偶然）。It was just by chance really.
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