“Good-bye, My Ill-fated Motherland!”巴金Ba Jin🔥背景知识：《“再见罢，我不幸的乡土哟！”》是巴金（1904-2005）22岁去国赴法学习时所写的，现选自他的散文集《海上杂记》。文章充满诗一般的深情，写出了20世纪初中国青年人的共同情感。踏上了轮船的甲板以后，我便和中国的土地暂别了，心里自然装满了悲哀和离愁。The moment I set foot on the deck of the ship, there began my temporary separation from Chinese soil and a feeling of parting sorrow welled up in my heart.🎈there began my temporary separation from Chinese soil此句为完全倒装句。🎈此句中「暂别」进行了词性转换，由动词转为名词separation。🎈「心里自然装满了悲哀和离愁」可译为my heart was filled with the natural sorrow of parting、I was seized with the sadness of parting、a feeling of parting sorrow welled up in my heart等，现采用最后译法，因前两者侧重「状态」，最后译法侧重「动作」，能更好的表达作者踏上甲板时随即产生的情绪。开船的时候我站在甲板上，望着船慢慢地往后退离开了岸，一直到我看不见岸上高大的建筑物和黄浦江中的外国兵舰，我才掉过头来。At sailing time, I stood on deck watching the ship receding slowly from the bank until I was out of sight of the towering waterfront buildings and the foreign warships on the Huangpu River.🎈「望着船慢慢地往后退离开了岸」可译为watching the ship moving slowly backwards to tear itself away from the bank，或watching the ship receding slowing from the bank，后者较简练，故采用之。recede有「逐渐远去（以至消失）」之意。🎈「岸上高大的建筑」可译为the tall riverside buildings或the towering waterfront buildings，现采用后者。Riverside英文释义为the land along the sides of a river；waterfront英文释义为the part of a town or an area of land next to the sea, a river etc.，相较之下，waterfront更适合语境；towering由tower一词变形而来，相比tall更为生动形象。我的眼里装满了热泪，我低声说了一句：“再见罢，我不幸的乡土哟！”Thereupon I turned round with hot tears in my eyes, murmuring, “Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland!”🎈ill-fated一词为「不幸的」，同义词有unfortunate。在前面学过的《杜鹃》一文中，也出现了这个单词：有时又被认为薄命的佳人，忧国的志士；She has come to be known sometimes as an ill-fated beauty and sometimes as a patriot concerned over the fate of the nation.再见罢，我不幸的乡土哟，这二十二年来你养育了我。Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland! I owe what I am to the upbringing you have given me during the past 22 years.🎈「这二十二年来你养育了我」译为I owe what I am to the upbringing you have given me during the past 22 years，其中I owe what I am是增译成分，既表达原文的内涵，又满足造句的需要。此句也可译为I have been under your loving care for 22 years或You have been rearing me for 22 years，但皆不如头一种译法可靠。🎈Upbringing一词在《我的童年》、《梦》两篇文章中都出现了，回顾一下：中年的人，不愿意再说些情感的话，虽然在回忆中充满了含泪的微笑，我只约略的画出我童年的环境和训练，以及遗留在我的嗜好或习惯上的一切，也许有些父母们愿意用来作参考。As a middle-aged woman, I try to keep from being sentimental again in writing about the old days. Though I often smile with tears in my eyes while reminiscing, I choose only to sketch out my childhood environment and upbringing as well as the hobbies and habits that have since remained with me — things which may perhaps serve as reference for some parents of today.这也是很新颖，很能造就她的环境——但她父亲送给她的一把佩刀，还长日挂在窗前。The new surroundings, however, were also conducive to her upbringing. But the sabre, given her by her father, was still hanging by her window.我无日不在你的怀抱中，我无日不受你的扶持。I have spent every day of my life in your warm bosom and under your loving care.🎈「无日不在」译为spend every day，体现了「正说反译、反说正译」的翻译手法。例如：他来这儿不是为了求得我们的帮助。误：He came here not to ask us for help.正：He did not come here to ask us for help.例如：The mountain is not valuable because it is high.误：山并不可贵，因为它高。正：山不因其高而贵。Q: everyday和every day有什么区别？词性不同everyday是形容词；every day是副词性短语句中成分不同every day意为「每天」，在句中作状语；everyday一般作定语，后面必须接被修饰的名词。如：everyday life 日常生活例句People used to come and visit him every day. 以前人们每天都来拜访他。He works every day except Sunday. 除了周日，他每天都工作。我的衣食取给于你。我的苦乐也是你的赐与。You have given me joy and sorrow as well as food and clothing.🎈苦乐 joy and sorrow我的亲人生长在这里，我的朋友也散布在这里。This is where my close relatives were born and brought up and where I have friends here and there.🎈散布 be here and thereQ:Where引导的一定是地点状语从句吗？🎈不一定。Where可引导各种从句，主要看该从句充当了什么成分。例句This is the hotel where I lived in yesterday.（定语从句）Where we should go camping hasn’t been decided yet. （主语从句）Do you know where she leaves for? （宾语从句）This is where Luxun onced lived. （表语从句）I really have no idea where she has gone.（同位语从句）They built a factory where there is plenty of water. （地点状语从句）在幼年时代你曾使我享受种种的幸福；可是在我有了知识以后你又成了我的痛苦的源泉了。You gave me a wide variety of happiness in my early childhood, but you have also been the source of my sorrow ever since I began to understand things.🎈「在我有了知识以后」不宜直译为since I began to understand things，因这句的意思应为「自从我懂事以来」，故译为ever since I began to understand things。在这里我看见了种种人间的悲剧，在这里我认识了我们所处的时代，在这里我身受了各种的痛苦。Here I have witnessed all sorts of human tragedy. Here I have come to know the times we live in. Here I have undergone untold sufferings.🎈we live in作为定语从句修饰the times，因关系代词that/which在从句中充当宾语成分，故可以省略。🎈「在这里我身受了各种的痛苦」此处中的「各种」由sufferings中的s来体现。我挣扎，我苦斗，我几次濒于灭亡，我带了遍体的鳞伤。I have been struggling, fighting and, time and again, found myself on the brink of destruction and covered all over with cuts and bruises.🎈此句中出现了四次「我」，内容上又有一定联系，因此后面出现的“I”可以省略。🎈遍体鳞伤：all over with cuts and bruises我用了眼泪和叹息埋葬了我的一些亲人，他们是被旧礼教杀了的。I have laid to rest, with tears and sighs, some of my close relatives — relatives victimized by old feudal ethics.🎈lay to rest为固定词组，意为「消除，埋葬」例句I’m glad that ridiculous plan has finally been laid to rest.我很高兴那个可笑的计划终于被取消了。🎈补充有关lay的词组lay to…. 把…归功于；努力干lay waste to 糟蹋lay siege to 包围，围攻；努力追求lay claim to 要求；自以为这里有美丽的山水，肥沃的田畴，同时又有黑暗的监狱和刑场。Here, besides beautiful mountains and rivers and fertile farmland, we have ghastly prisons and execution grounds as well.🎈Besides意为（表示排斥）除……之外（还有）。在这里坏人得志、好人受苦，正义受到摧残。Here bad people hold sway while good people suffer and justice is trodden down underfoot.🎈Hold sway在《菩提树下》一文中，我们已经学习过了，还记得那只玉皇大帝吗？得势的公鸡？One rooster, however, held sway and monopolized all the three hens.在这里人们为了争取自由，不得不从事残酷的斗争。Here people have to wage a savage struggle in order to win freedom.🎈从事残酷的斗争 wage a savage struggle 在这里人们在吃他的同类的人。Here man eats man.🎈此句意为「在这里人吃人」，故译为man eats man。——那许多的惨酷的景象，那许多的悲痛的回忆！O the numerous terrible scenes! O the numerous sad memories!🎈惨酷景象 terrible scenes🎈悲痛回忆 sad memories哟，雄伟的黄河，神秘的扬子江哟，你们的伟大的历史在哪里去了？O the grand Yellow River! O the mysterious Yangtse River! Where on earth are your glories of the past?🎈「你们的伟大的历史在哪里去了」意即「你们过去的辉煌哪里去了？」，故译为Where on earth are your glories of the past? on earth意为「究竟，到底」这样的国土！这样的人民！我的心怎么能够离开你们！O my native land! O my people! How can I have the heart to leave you?🎈「我的心怎么能够离开你们」意即「我怎么舍得离开你们！」，故译为How can I have the heart to leave you?或How can I find it in my heart to leave you?再见罢，我不幸的乡土哟！我恨你，我又不得不爱你。Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland! Much as I hate you, I’ve got to love you.🎈「我恨你，我又不得不爱你」如译为I love you as much as I hate you或I love you though I also hate you，皆有欠缺，现译为Much as I hate you, I’ve got to love you ever，其中much as作「虽然」解，等于although；as ever作「照常」解，原文虽无其词却有其意。🔥必背词汇well v. 涌出；冒出；流出；溢出英义to rise to the surface of sth and start to flow例句Tears were welling up in her eyes. 她热泪盈眶。recede v. 逐渐远离；渐渐远去英义to move gradually away from sb or away from a previous position例句The sound of the truck receded into the distance. 卡车的声音渐渐在远处消失了。waterfront n. 〔城镇等的〕滨水地区，水边土地英义the part of a town or an area of land next to the sea, a river etc例句The hotel is down on the waterfront.这家宾馆位于滨水区。brink n. (…的)边缘；(…的)初始状态英义if you are on the brink of sth, you are almost in a very new, dangerous or exciting situation例句Scientists are on the brink of making a major new discovery. 科学家很快就会有新的重大发现。 🔥重点词组踏上了邮轮的甲板 set foot on the deck of the ship 和中国的土地暂别了temporary separation from Chinese soil心里自然装满了悲哀和离愁 a feeling of parting sorrow welled up in my heart开船的时候 at sailing time望着船慢慢地往后退离开了岸 watch the ship receding slowly from the bank岸上高大的建筑物 the towering waterfront buildings黄浦江中的外国兵舰 the foreign warships on the Huangpu River我的眼里装满了热泪 turn around with hot tears in my eyes我不幸的故土 my ill-fated motherland 无日不在你的怀抱中，无日不受你的扶持 spend every day of my life in your warm bosom and under your loving care我的朋友也散布在这里 have friends here and there 在幼年时代你曾使我享受种种的幸福 give me a wide variety of happiness in my early childhood我的痛苦的源泉 the source of my sorrow看见了种种人间的悲剧 witness all sorts of human tragedy认识了我们所处的时代 know the times we live in身受了各种的痛苦 undergo untold sufferings濒临灭亡 on the brink of destruction 带了遍体的鳞伤 cover all over with cuts and bruises用眼泪和叹息埋葬了我的一些亲人 lay to rest some of my close relatives with tears and sighs有黑暗的监狱和刑场 have ghastly prisons and execution grounds坏人得志 bad people hold sway正义受到摧残 justice is trodden down underfoot不得不从事残酷的斗争 have to wage a savage struggle为了争取自由 in order to win freedom许多的惨酷的景象 the numerous terrible scenes许多的悲痛的回忆 the numerous sad memories伟大的历史 glories of the past 🔥复盘测试踏上了邮轮的甲板和中国的土地暂别了心里自然装满了悲哀和离愁开船的时候望着船慢慢地往后退离开了岸岸上高大的建筑物黄浦江中的外国兵舰我的眼里装满了热泪我不幸的故土无日不在你的怀抱中，无日不受你的扶持我的朋友也散布在这里在幼年时代曾享受种种的幸福我的痛苦的源泉看见了种种人间的悲剧认识了我们所处的时代身受了各种的痛苦濒临灭亡带了遍体的鳞伤用眼泪和叹息埋葬了我的一些亲人有黑暗的监狱和刑场坏人得志正义受到摧残不得不从事残酷的斗争为了争取自由许多的惨酷的景象许多的悲痛的回忆伟大的历史🔥表达对比关于「种种、许多」的不同表达在幼年时代你曾使我享受种种的幸福；可是在我有了知识以后你又成了我的痛苦的源泉了。You gave me a wide variety of happiness in my early childhood, but you have also been the source of my sorrow ever since I began to understand things.在这里我看见了种种人间的悲剧，Here I have witnessed all sorts of human tragedy. 使得我整天跟在父亲的身边，参加了他的种种工作与活动，得到了连一般男子都得不到的经验。I was with him while he was going about his work and various other activities, thus acquiring experience beyond the reach of even an average male adult.在它的途中，它也曾发射出种种的水花，这里面有爱，有恨，有欢乐，也有痛苦。While on its way, it sometimes throws clouds of spray into the air embodying love and hate, and happiness and sorrow.当晚，秀才也将家里底种种情形告诉她，实际，不过是向她夸耀或求媚罢了。That evening, the scholar told the young woman a great many things about his family in an effort to show off and ingratiate himself with her.
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爱是一颗心遇到另一颗心（出处+配图） 
