When Lu Xun Was a Child –Wang Shijing 🔥背景知识：《幼年鲁迅》摘自王士菁著，著《鲁迅传》一书 （1959年初版）。作者为鲁迅研究专家，江苏沭阳人，1943年毕业于西南联大中文系，建国后曾任人民文学出版社副总编辑。在家里，领着幼年鲁迅的是保姆长妈妈。她是一个淳朴的农村妇女。最初大约是一个生活在农村里的年轻的孤孀，死掉了丈夫和丧失了土地之后，就从农村来到城里谋生。As a child, Lu Xun was in the charge of a nurse called Mama Chang. She was an honest country woman. At first she must have been a young widow in the countryside, who went to town to seek a living for herself after her husband died and she lost her land. 🎈在……的看护下/由……管in the charge of区分in charge of是（主动去）负责，接管……in the charge of是……（被动的）被看管🎈nurse作名词时，除去「护士」之意，还可指「保姆，保育员」🎈must have been表示对过去的肯定推测。她的姓名，当时是没有人知道的，鲁迅的祖母叫她“阿长”，因此人们也就跟着叫她“阿长”，但孩子们却叫她“长妈妈”。她懂得很多莫名其妙的道理，还有许多规矩，这一切都是孩子们所不理解的。 Nobody knew what her name was. As Lu Xun’s grandmother called her “A Chang”, other people also called her by the same name. But the children usually called her “Mama Chang”. She was so full of mysterious lore and had so many rules of behaviour that the children sometimes found her quite puzzling.🎈「她懂得许多莫名其妙的道理」译为She was so full of mysterious lore，其中lore的意思是「口头传说或信仰」。其中，mysterious取「难以理解的，神秘的」之意。此句根据上下文也可译为She was so full of superstitious beliefs。因为结合后文，我们可以发现长妈妈懂的一些道理属于迷信的说法，故选用superstitious也可以。🎈so many rules of behaviour that the children sometimes found her quite puzzling中包含「so…that…」结构。譬如说，人死了，不说死掉，而说“老掉了”；死了人或生了孩子的屋里，是不应该走进去的；饭粒子落在地上，必须捡起来，最好是吃下去；晒裤子用的竹竿底下，是万不可钻过去的，等等。For instance, if someone died, you should not say he was dead but “he has passed away”. You should not enter a room where someone had died or a child had been born. If a grain of rice fell to the ground, you should pick it up, and the best thing was to eat it. On no account must you walk under the bamboo pole on which trousers or pants were hanging out to dry.🎈一粒米a grain of rice米粒rice grains🎈On no account must you walk…复习否定词及含有否定意义的词在句首，句子要部分倒装（只将助动词置于主语前，谓语其余部分置于主语后）。这些词包括：never, no, not, not only, hardly, scarcely, rarely, little, seldom, nowhere, no sooner…than, hardly/barely/scarcely… when, not until…, at no time, by no means, on no account, in no way, in no case, on no condition, in/under no circumstances等。平时她不许孩子们乱走动，拔一株草，翻一块石头，就说是顽皮，要去告诉母亲去。起初，孩子们并不怎么喜欢她。She would not let the children get up to mischief. If they pulled up a weed or turned over a stone, she would say they were naughty and threaten to tell their mother. In the beginning, the children did not think much of her.🎈「她不许孩子们乱走动」意即「她不许孩子们调皮捣蛋」，不宜按字面直译。现把它译为She would not let the children get up to mischief，其中动词短语to get up to作「干（不好的事）解」🎈「重视，夸奖，认为……了不起」think much of（在不同语境中，会灵活翻译成不同的汉语）例句Nobody thought much of that suggestion.这个建议也没人太在意。Harry did not think much of this idea.哈利不太赞成这个主意。I’ve never thought much of him!我从来没觉得他有多好。尤其是当她不留心踩死了鲁迅所心爱的隐鼠，这更使鲁迅十分生气。但是，有一件事，出乎意料之外，使鲁迅对她发生了敬意，因为，她对孩子们能够讲述一些“长毛”（关于太平天国）的故事；Lu Xun was especially angry with her when she inadvertently stepped on and killed his favourite little mouse. However, one thing which unexpectedly made Lu Xun feel respect for her was that she often told the children stories of the “Long Hairs” (the Taiping Rebellion).🎈one thing which…中which引导限制性定语从句。🎈对某人肃然起敬feel （great） respect for sb.🎈太平天国运动：1850年末至1851年初，由洪秀全等人组成的领导集团在广西金田村发动反抗清朝的武装起义，后建立「太平天国」。太平天国历时14年，达到了旧式农民战争的最高峰，不仅是中国历史上第一次在南方兴起而波及全中国的农民战争，也是世界历史上规模空前的一次农民战争。🎈长毛：因清朝推行剃发易服，太平天国则均不剃发、不结辫，披头散发，故太平军被称作「长毛」，清廷蔑称其为「长毛体贼」、「毛贼」、「发贼」、「发逆」等等。又一件事，更使鲁迅对她发生了很大的敬意，那就是，她不知从什么地方替鲁迅找到了一部他日夜所渴望的绘图《山海经》。Another thing which inspired Lu Xun with a still greater respect for her was that she was able to produce from nobody knew where an illustrated edition of the Book of Hills and Seas, which Lu Xun had been longing for day and night. 🎈「她不知从什么地方替鲁迅找到了……」译为she was able to produce from nobody knew where…，其中nobody knew where作名词用，是介词from的宾语。又to produce在此作「出示」「拿出」解。🎈the Book of Hills and Seas—— A book of geography which contains many legends, written in the 4th—2nd centuries B.C.🎈日夜渴望……have been longing for sth. day and night鲁迅对于绘图《山海经》的渴望已不止一天了。这事是由和他家同住在这个台门里的远房叔祖玉田老人惹起来的。Lu Xun had been longing for an illustrated copy of the Book of Hills and Seas for sometime. The whole business started with a distant great-uncle named Yutian, who was living in the same compound.🎈copy表示「（书、报纸或CD的）一本、一份、一册」，常用搭配为a copy of…🎈书上译文写的是for sometime，此处将其改为for some time（一段时间）。sometime①意思是「某个时候，后面应该接一个过去或将来的时间」例句Emily will be back sometime in September. ②还可以做形容词，表示「以前的」🎈「台门」即「院落」，现译为compound。 🎈「叔祖」可译为great-uncle或granduncle。 他是一个胖胖的和蔼的老人，爱种一点珠兰、茉莉之类的花木。他在家里无人可以攀谈，所以就很喜欢和孩子们来往，有时简直称呼他们为“小友”。 A fat and kindly old man, he liked to grow flowers such as chloranthus and jasmine. The old man was a lonely soul with no one to talk to, so he like the children’s company and often even called them his “young friends”.🎈此处，soul是可数名词，表示「某种类型的人」。a lonely soul孤独的人a jolly soul乐天派他的藏书很丰富，其中有一本叫《花镜》，上面印着许多好看的花草和树木，是一部孩子们最心爱的书。He owned a big collection of books, one of which was called The Mirror of Flowers with many beautiful illustrations of flowers and trees. The children found this book most attractive.Q:「花草树木」中的「草」为什么不译出？🎈因为《花镜》（陈淏子著）是中国清代主要介绍花卉植物的专著（A manual for gardeners by Chen Haozi of the 17th century）。此处flower并非纯粹指「花」，而是取「花卉、开花植物」这一含义。🎈是一部孩子们最心爱的书→孩子们最爱看，也就是说这本书对孩子们的吸引力最大，故译为found this book most attractive.但老人却说还有一部更好看的哩，那是绘图的《山海经》。人面的兽，九头的蛇，三脚的鸟，生着翅膀的人，没有头的拿两乳当作眼睛的怪物，……这本书上都有。But the old man told them that the illustrated edition of the Book of Hills and Seas was even more attractive, with pictures of man-faced beasts, nine-headed snakes, three-footed birds, winged men and headless monsters who used their teats as eyes…Q: man-faced beasts, nine-headed snakes, three-footed是什么构词法？🎈属于有连词符连接的合成形容词。具体类型为：「名词+名词+ed」，如honey-mouthed嘴甜的、甜言蜜语的；和「数词+名词+ed」，如ten-storeyed十层的。🎈分享一件关于wing的事：有次英译汉作业，大概意思是说一个人脸侧后方有两只wing。好多人翻的是翅膀哈哈，其实wing指的是耳朵，耳朵形状其实和翅膀差不多哈哈。可惜，老人一时找不到，不知被放到哪里去了。孩子们怀着十分迫切的心情，都急于想看这本充满奇异图画的书，但又不好意思逼着老人去寻找。问别人呢，很少有人知道。想买吧，不知到哪里去买，Unfortunately, he happened to have mislaid it. Eager as they were to look at the book with such strange pictures, the children did not like to press him to find it. None of the people the children asked knew where to get it, and the children had no idea where they could buy it themselves.🎈Eager as they were to：as引导让步状语从句，记得倒装。🎈曲线理解：又不好意思逼着老人去寻找→不喜催老人找书（的行事方式），故译为did not like to press him to find it。大街离得很远，只有正月间才能够去玩一趟，那时书铺的门却又是关着的。The main street was a long way from their home, and the New Year holiday was the only time in the year when they were able to go there to look around, but during that period the bookshops were closed.🎈the only time （in the year） when they were able…中，when引导定语从句，先行词是time。玩得热闹的时候倒也不觉得有什么，一到静下来，可就想起了那绘图的《山海经》。也许是鲁迅过于念念不忘这本书吧，连长妈妈也知道了，来问是怎么一回事，鲁迅就把这事对她说了。As long as the children were playing, it was not so bad, but the moment they sat down they would think of the Book of Hills and Seas. Probably because Lu Xun harped on the subject so much, even Achang got wind of it and started asking what this Book of Hills and Seas was. Lu Xun then told her about it. 🎈the moment/instant/minute/second…(that) 表示「一……就……」，that经常可以省略。moment等词前可以用very修饰。🎈唠唠叨叨说个不停、喋喋不休harp on sth.🎈「连长妈妈也知道了」译为even Achang got wind of it，其中got wind of是成语，作「听到……的消息」解，汉语里常说「听到……风声」。过了十多天，也许是一个月吧，长妈妈在她请假回家转来的时候，一见面，就将一包书递给了鲁迅。她高兴地说道：“哥儿，有画的《三哼经》，我给你找来了！”About a fortnight or a month later, Mama Chang came back after some leave at home and the moment she saw Lu Xun, she handed him a package. “Here, son!” she said cheerfully. “I’ve bought you that Book of Holy Seas with pictures.”🎈此处leave是不可数名词，意为「假期、休假」🎈「哥儿」译为son，是英语中年长者对男孩或年轻男子的亲昵称呼。根据上下文，「哥儿」在此可译为young master。这是一个怎样出人意外的消息啊，它比逢年过节还使鲁迅兴奋。他赶紧接过来，打开纸包一看，是四本小小的书。啊！人面兽，九头蛇，……果然都在里面了。What an unexpected piece of news! To young Lu Xun it was even more thrilling than the New Year holiday or a festival. He hastened to take the package and unwrap the paper. There were four small volumes and, sure enough, the man-faced beast, the nine-headed snake… all of them were there.🎈果然，果真sure enough。此处描写场景实为：鲁迅接过书，迫不及待地翻书验证之前听来的说法：人面兽啊九头蛇啊……。等亲眼所见之后，发出「啊」的一声感叹，果然sure enough，是真的有这些插图。虽然这是一部纸张很黄，图像很坏，连动物的眼睛也都是长方形的，刻工印工都是很粗糙的书，但它正是鲁迅所日夜盼望的书。后来，鲁迅把这一位贫农妇女和自己对她的深厚感情，写在一篇充满激情的散文里。Although the paper was yellow and the drawings very poor—so much so that even the animals’ eyes were oblong, and both the engraving and printing were very crude, nevertheless, it was Lu Xun’s most treasured book. Later, in a highly impassioned essay Lu Xun paid tribute to this country woman of peasant origin and described his own deep affection for her. 🎈the paper was yellow and the drawings very poor是并列句的省略现象。🎈so much…that和so much so that比so…that和so that在语气上更强。例句I was so much tired that I couldn’t walk on.我极度疲倦，走不动了。She is hungry, so much so that she had to go begging.她很饿，饿到不得不去乞讨。这确是四本小小的不平凡的书，鲁迅从长妈妈的手里，连带着她的那一份无比深厚的情意接受了过来。这是幼年的鲁迅第一次读到的比一切别的书更加使他感动的书。The book was indeed something extraordinary. Lu Xun received it from Mama Chang’s hands along with her incomparably deep affection for him. It touched the young Lu Xun more deeply than any other book he had read. Q：「四本小小的书」为何译作「The book」?🎈准确来讲，不是四本，而是四册。上文也有所提及。volume表示成套书籍中的一套或一册。在家庭里，祖母特别喜爱鲁迅。夏夜，鲁迅躺在一株大桂花树下的小板桌上乘凉，祖母摇着芭蕉扇坐在桌旁，一面摇着扇子，一面讲故事给他听，或是叫他猜谜语。Of all the children at home, his grandmother loved Lu Xun most. On summer evenings when Lu Xun was lying on a small wooden table under an osmanthus tree to enjoy the evening cool, she would sit by the table with a palm-leaf fan in her hand. Waving the fan, she would tell him stories or ask him riddles. 🎈would + 动词原形可以表过去经常做的事情。《枣核》中：他告诉我，时常在月夜，他同老伴儿并肩坐在这长凳上，追忆起当年在北海泛舟的日子。He also told me that on a moonlit night he and his wife would sit side by side on the bench recalling how they had used to go boating on the Beihai Lake.🎈with a palm-leaf fan in her hand是with复合结构，表示伴随。祖母对于民间故事是很熟悉的。她会讲关于猫的故事，据说：猫是老虎的师父。老虎本来是什么也不会的，就投在猫的门下。猫教给它扑的方法，捉的方法，像自己捉老鼠一样。She was very familiar with folk tales. The cat, she said, was the tiger’s teacher. Originally the tiger couldn’t do anything, so he turned to the cat for help. The cat taught him how to pounce and catch his prey the way that he caught rats.🎈「她会讲关于猫的故事」融进了所讲故事的具体内容中，故而省略不译。这一些学完了，老虎想：本领都学到了，谁也比不过自己了，只有做过它的老师的猫还比自己强，要是把猫杀掉，自己便是最强的脚色了。After these lessons the tiger said to himself, “Now that I’ve mastered all the skills no other creature is a match for me except my master the cat. If I kill the cat I shall be king of the beasts.”🎈与某人匹敌 is a match for sb.它打定了主意，便往猫身上扑过去。猫是早知道它的心思的，一跳，便上了树。老虎却只能眼睁睁地在树下蹲着。猫没有将一切本领传授完，还没有教它上树哩。He made up his mind to do this, and was about to pounce on the cat. But the cat, knowing what he was up to, leaped up onto a tree. The tiger was left squatting below and glaring upwards. The cat had not taught all his skills: he had not taught the tiger to climb trees.🎈打定主意、决心 make up one’s mind to do…🎈「猫是早知道它的心思的」意即「猫早知道它要搞什么名堂」，故译为But tha cat knew what he was up to，其中up to是成语，作「忙于（不好的事）」解。祖母还会讲“水满金山”的故事，——有个叫作许仙的，他救了两条蛇：一青一白，后来白蛇就化作女人来报恩，嫁给了许仙；青蛇化作丫环，也跟着。His grandmother also told Lu Xun the story “Flooding Jinshan Monastery”. A man named Xu Xian rescued two snakes, one white and one green. The white snake changed into a woman to repay Xu’s kindness and married him, while the green snake changed into her maid and accompanied her.🎈既然提到了「一青一白」，就另补充一句吧：小葱拌豆腐，一清二白（a dish of white bean curd and green scallions—be as clear as daylight或者直接是be quite clear）🎈while表衔接真的超级常见。有个和尚叫作法海禅师，他看见许仙脸上有“妖气”，于是就把许仙藏在金山寺的法座后面。白蛇娘娘前来寻夫，于是就“水满金山”。A Buddhist monk by the name of Fa Hai saw from Xu’s face that he had been bewitched by an evil spirit, so he hid Xu behind the shrine in Jinshan Monastery, and when Lady White Snake came to look for her husband the whole place was flooded.🎈「他看见许仙脸上有‘妖气’」中的「妖气」不好直译，现按「被妖魔迷住」的意思把全句译为Fa Hai saw from Xu’s face that he had been bewitched by an evil spirit。此句也可译为Fa Hai saw that Xu’s face betrayed his obsession with an evil spirit或Fa Hai saw from Xu’s face that he had been under the spell of a demon。后来，白蛇娘娘中了法海禅师的计策，被骗装在一个小小的钵盂里了。这钵盂被埋在地下，上面造起一座塔来镇压她，这塔就是竖立在西湖边上的雷峰塔。幼年的鲁迅听了这个故事，心里很不舒服，In the end Fa Hai trapped Lady White Snake, and put her in a small alms-bowl. He buried this bowl in the ground, and built a pagoda over it to prevent her getting out. This was Leifeng Pagoda by West Lake. The story made young Lu Xun uncomfortable.🎈钵盂 alms-bowl指化缘的碗，是名词+名词构成的合成名词。alm意为「施舍，救济品」🎈prevent sb .to do sth.是错误的，没有这种表达;prevent sb. doing sth.与prevent sb. from doing sth没有区别，from可可有可无。他深为白蛇娘娘抱不平。当时，他的唯一的希望，就是这座镇压白蛇娘娘反抗的雷峰塔快些倒掉。后来，他把这个民间故事写在一篇反对黑暗反动统治的杂文里。He was deeply concerned at the injustice done to Lady White Snake, and his one wish at that time was for the pagoda imprisoning Lady White Snake underneath it soon to collapse. Later, Lu Xun used this folktale in an essay opposing the reactionary rule of the forces of darkness. 🎈为某事忧虑；在意某事be concerned at/by sth.例句The authorities are deeply concerned by the increase in violence.🎈他的唯一的希望his one wish，此处「希望」作「愿望」解；one是形容词，表示「唯一的，仅有的」🎈his one wish at that time was for the pagoda imprisoning Lady White Snake underneath it soon to collapse，其中，imprisoning Lady White Snake underneath it作the pagoda的后置定语。补充「for+名词or代词宾格+ to do…」结构的用法①一、用作主语。例句For Ann to go to France would make me very happy. 安要是到法国去将使我感到很高兴。②二、用作表语。例句His idea is for us to travel in separate cars. 他的意思是我们不要同乘一辆汽车。③三、用作宾语。例句She hates for people to feel sad. 她不愿看到人们忧心忡忡。④四、用作定语。例句It’s time for everybody to go to bed. 是大家睡觉的时候了。⑤五、用作状语。例句We were all shouting for him to shoot. 我们都喊着要他射门。🔥必背词汇puzzling adj.令人费解的英义making somebody feel confused because they do not understand something.例句a puzzling problem费解的问题grain cn.谷粒英义A grain of wheat, rice, or other cereal crop is a seed from it.例句a grain of sand一粒沙mischief un. 恶作剧，淘气，使坏的念头英义Mischief is playing harmless tricks on people or doing things you are not supposed to do. It can also refer to the desire to do this.例句The little lad was a real handful. He was always up to mischief.这个小家伙真是难管教，他总是搞恶作剧。inadvertently adv.不经意间英义by accident; without intending to.例句I inadvertently passed this essay by.我漫不经心地把这篇散文忽略过去了。rebellion n.谋反，叛乱，反叛英义A rebellion is a violent organized action by a large group of people who are trying to change their country’s political system.例句The British soon put down the rebellion.英国人很快平息了叛乱。illustration cn.插图，图案，图表英义An illustration in a book is a picture, design, or diagram.例句She looked like a princess in a nineteenth-century illustration.她看起来像19世纪插图读物中的公主。compound cn.(作特殊用途的)大院，有围墙的场地英义A compound is an enclosed area of land that is used for a particular purpose.例句Police fired on them as they fled into the embassy compound.当他们逃进使馆大院时，警察向他们开了枪。winged adj.(昆虫等)有翼的，带翅的英义A winged insect or other creature has wings.例句Flycatchers feed primarily on winged insects.鹟主要以有翅昆虫为食。teat cn.(雌性动物的)乳头，奶头英义A teat is a pointed part on the body of a female animal which her babies suck in order to get milk.例句The youngest was still sucking at the Lannister woman’s teat the last time I saw him.上次见面的时候，(劳勃)最小的儿子还在喝那个兰尼斯特女人的奶水。oblong cn.长方形，矩形英义An oblong is a shape which has two long sides and two short sides and in which all the angles are right angles.例句an oblong table长方形的桌子🔥重点表达在……的看护下/由……管in the charge of一个淳朴的农村妇女an honest country woman最初At first谋生seek a living一粒米a grain of rice米粒rice grains对某人肃然起敬feel （great） respect for sb.《山海经》the Book of Hills and Seas日夜渴望……have been longing for sth. day and night一段时间for some time 孤独的人a lonely soul 乐天派a jolly soul 唠唠叨叨说个不停、喋喋不休harp on sth.果然，果真sure enough对……的深厚感情deep affection for对于……是很熟悉的was very familiar with民间故事folk tales与某人匹敌 is a match for sb.打定主意、决心 make up one’s mind to do…钵盂 alms-bowl为某事忧虑；在意某事be concerned at/by sth.他的唯一的希望his one wish🔥复盘测试在……的看护下/由……管一个淳朴的农村妇女最初谋生一粒米米粒对某人肃然起敬《山海经》日夜渴望……一段时间孤独的人乐天派唠唠叨叨说个不停、喋喋不休果然，果真对……的深厚感情对于……是很熟悉的民间故事与某人匹敌打定主意、决心钵盂为某事忧虑；在意某事他的唯一的希望🔥表达对比「例如，举例」有几种表达？「譬如说」，人死了，不说死掉，而说“老掉了”。For instance, if someone died, you should not say he was dead but “he has passed away”.在试图解决「例如」不断增长的青少年犯罪问题时，你们的团队可能决定去找更多警察这样的明显任务。 In trying to deal with a problem like growing juvenile crime your group might decide on the obvious objective of getting more police.不要选择一个你会有压力的日子，「例如」考试那天。 Don’t choose a day that you know is going to be stressful, such as the day of an exam.「例如」，在一座新城市培育数量足够的用户群需要投入多少广告费，Groupon了如指掌。 Groupon knew, for example, exactly how much to invest in advertising in order to build a sizable subscriber list in a new market.居里夫人「经常被引做一个例子」，在追求知识的过程中从不向困难屈服的一位伟大的科学家。Madame Curie is often cited as an example of a great scientist who never yielded to hardship in her quest for knowledge.
帕布莉卡
朗读这篇文章
爱是一颗心遇到另一颗心（出处+配图） 
《乱世佳人》电影专题
