Reflections on the Sports Meet——Hu Shih🔥背景知识：《我对于运动会的感想》是胡适（1891-1962）写于1922年4月21日的短文，当时他在北京大学任教。🎈「我对于运动会的感想」指「北大运动会」，英译时也省略「北大」。「感想」一词可译为reflection或thoughts。Q: 运动会为何译为sports meet？和sports meeting有何区别?🎈两个用法均可，sports meet为英式英语，而sports meeting为美式英语。meet在这里是名词属性，意为「集会，运动会（多指单项比赛，如田径、游泳、体操等）」。例如举行运动会（或田径比赛） hold an athletic meet游泳比赛 a swimming meet我到美国入大学校后，第一次去看我们大学和别的大学的足球竞争（Football，此系另一种很激烈的足球，与中国现行的不同）。After entering an American University, I watched, for the first time, an intercollegiate football match on the campus. Unlike the football we now play in China, American football is a very tough game.🔥背景知识：美式橄榄球（American football，美国人通常简称为football），也称美式足球，是橄榄球运动的一种，美国最流行的运动，为北美四大职业体育之首。而「中国现行」的「足球」就是我们在国内常见的足球运动。🎈大家还记得soccer和football的区分吗？不记得的话，我们来复习一下①使用地区不同现在只有美国人还在用Soccer这个词代表足球，英国以及整个国际上的一些官方组织都用Football。②定义不同Soccer指的是只能用脚踢的正统的足球，区别于可以用手玩的其他形式的足球。在美国如果说football不是指圆圆的足球，而是有点像橄榄球的足球。🎈「我到美国入大学校后」这一短句在译文中省略主语I，变成状语结构after entering an American University，使整句话地道简洁。🎈「我们大学和别的大学」那不就是校际比赛吗？所以简洁一些，用一个 intercollegiate就可以啦。🎈若原文中出现（……），那么翻译的时候，我们可以跟原文一样，加括号；或者不加括号，直接单独成句。入场券卖每人美金二元，但看的人竟有几千人之多。Though admission cost as much as two US dollars per person, yet there was a large attendance of several thousand.🎈「入场券卖每人美金二元」译为admission cost as much as two US dollars per person，其中as much as的意思是「多达……」。此句也可译为 the admission tickets cost as much as two US dollars each。🎈though, although可以和yet连用，但不能和but连用。🎈「看的人竟有几千人之多」的译文 a large attendance of表达了「参加」之意，there be又使用了无灵主语，符合目的语的语言习惯。每到紧要关头，几千人同声喊着本校的“呼声”（yell）以鼓励场中的武士。At each critical moment, the stadium would be echoing with the spectators’ chorus of wild yells for their own athletic heroes.🎈「几千人同声喊着本校的‘呼声’以鼓励场中的武士」译为 the stadium would be echoing with the spectators’ chorus of wild yells for their own athletic heroes，其中echoing with等于resounding with，作「充满声音」之意，chorus of wild yells等于simultaneous wild yells，作「同声狂呼」之意，their own athletic heroes也可译为 the warriors of their own team。🎈关于「观众」一词辨析audience: 常指观看戏剧、电影、讲演以及电视节目的观众，是个集合名词，无复数形式。spectator: 一般指看体育运动比赛的观众，是个体名词，在后面可以直接加s，构成复数。viewer: 看电影者；观赏者；参观者；观察器。watcher: 哨兵；看守人；守夜人；观察者。onlooker: 旁观者witness: 目击者有受伤的球员，扶下场时，大家也喊着“呼声”祝贺他，安慰他。Whenever a player of their side was injured and helped out of the football field, they would also yell by way of saluting and comforting him.🎈whenever在这里强调「无论何时」🎈「祝贺他」实指「向他致敬」，故译为saluting。从这句话，我们就可以发现，在汉英翻译时，不能按字面意思翻译，译者需要体会其深层含义。就像这句话，「我们」的立场是喜爱这些球员的，所以当他们受伤时，“我们”并不高兴，而是表达一种敬意和安慰。我第一次观场，看见那野蛮的奋斗，听着那震耳的“呼声”，实在不惯；心里常想：这真是罗马时代的角抵和斗兽的遗风，很不人道的。At first I just couldn’t get used to the rough play and deafening roar, inwardly calling it an inhuman modern version of the bloody fights of men with men or with wild animals in the arena of the Roman amphitheater.🎈inwardly calling….是ing分词作结果状语，可以理解为「我第一次来不习惯，所以内心觉得这很不人道」。🎈译者将原文中的「看见」「听着」两个动词进行了省译，因为读者可以在译文中读出这两个词的含义。如冯庆华《实用翻译教程》中的一句：总理在出席音乐会之前，还有许多工作要做。The Premier had a lot of work to do before attending the concert.🎈「这真是罗马时代的角抵和斗兽的遗风，很不人道的」中的「角抵」又作「角觝」，指人与人的搏斗，「斗兽」指人与野兽的搏斗，两者合译为the bloody fights of men with men or with wild animals，其中bloody是添加成分，强调战斗之激烈，「罗马时代」按「古罗马圆形剧场中的竞技场」的意思译为in the arena of the Roman amphitheater，「……的遗风」意即「……的现代形式」，故译为modern version of。但是场中叫喊的人，不但是少年男女，还有许多白发的老教授，——我的植物教习罗里教授就坐在我的附近，——也拼命的喊着助威的“呼声”！我心里更不明白了！Among the yelling crowds were not only young boys and girls, but also many hoary-headed old professors. I was very surprised to see my professor of botany, who happened to sit nearby, also shouting frantically.🎈「我心里更不明白了！」未按照字面直译，也换了一下表达顺序，原文的意思是，看到植物教习教授时，我非常惊讶，所以译为 I was very surprised to see my professor …但是我以后还去看过几次，看到第三次，我也不知不觉的站起来，跟着我们的同学们拼命的喊那助威的“呼声”！I went to watch football several times. The third time, however, found me rising to my feet in spite of myself to join my fellow students in cheering like mad.🎈原文「看过几次」，翻译时需要把看的内容补充出来，即watch football several times。🎈「看到第三次，我也不知不觉的站起来……」，译文又再一次使用无灵主语The third time，「我也不知不觉的站起来」译为 rising to my feet in spite of myself，其中in spite of myself作「不由自主地」或「不禁」解。难道我被那野蛮的遗风同化了吗？Can I have been assimilated into the barbarous modern version of the ancient Roman practice?🎈「野蛮的遗风」是指古罗马人的野蛮行为，即the barbarous modern version of the ancient Roman practice🎈这里可以注意一下译者使用的是现在完成时，而不是过去时，因为「野蛮的风俗」对「我」以后的生活也产生了影响。不是的；我渐渐把我从中国带去的“老人意态”丢开了；我也变少年了！No. The fact is, I gradually threw away the “old-age mentality” that I’d brought with me from China. I became rejuvenated.🎈译文增加了The fact is一词，译者用了一个逗号然后再接上一句句子，实际上在语法中表语从句是不可以省略连接词that。🎈that I’d brought with me from China. I became rejuvenated是定语从句，修饰the old-age mentality。我在北京大学住了五年，不知不觉的又被中国学生的“斯文样子”同化了，我的“老人意态”又差不多全回来了。Now, after spending five years teaching at Peking University, I’ve been assimilated into the “scholarly dignity” of my students, so that my erstwhile “old-age mentality” has revived by and large.🎈「我在北京大学住了五年」在此处继续采用状语的表达方式，「在北京大学住了五年」意为「在北京大学教了五年书」，所以此处译为 after spending five years teaching at Peking University。🎈「斯文样子」意即「书生的端庄模样」，故译为scholarly dignity。🎈这儿又出现一个「不知不觉的」，此处译者并没有译出，但是我们可以通过 have been assimilated into这一表状态的的词看出「不知不觉」的含义。今天忽然听说北京大学要开一个运动会，这个消息使我很高兴。Today I was very happy to hear that Peking University was about to schedule a sports meet.🎈「这个消息」指的是「北京大学要开一个运动会」，所以直接译为 I was happy to hear that…我的记忆力使我回到十二年前跟着大家大呼大喊的时候，我很想再有同样的机会使我弹去一点“老态”。That reminds me of how twelve years ago I joined the football crowds in giving loud yells. I’m looking forward very eagerly to the new opportunity for me to regain some of my youthful spirit.🎈从这句话开始，表达的是胡适先生写这篇文章时的想法，所以用的是一般现在时。🎈「我的记忆力使我…」意为「这使我想起…」，即That reminds me of…🎈「跟着大家大呼大喊的时候」中的「大家」指「观看足球的人群」，故译为 football crowds。🎈「弹去一点‘老态’」也可以译为“to shed some of my “old-age mentality”。现译为“to regain some of my youth spirit”，形式不同，意思未变。我希望许多同学都来这运动会场上尝尝少年的高兴，——把那斯文的老景暂时丢在讲堂上或寄宿舍里！I hope all my students will be present at the playing field to taste the joy of youthfulness and temporarily leave behind their “scholarly dignity” in the classroom or dormitory.🎈「同学」指「我」的学生，即 my students🎈「尝尝少年的高兴」中的「少年的高兴」意为「年轻的快乐」，即「the joy of youthfulness」🎈「斯文的老景」即上文的「斯文样子」，scholarly dignity🔥必背词汇tough adj. 艰苦的，艰难的，棘手的英义having or causing problems or difficulties例句a tough childhood 苦难的童年 attendance n.出席人数英义the number of people who attend a game, concert, meeting etc例句We have an average attendance of 4000 fans per game.平均每场比赛有 4000 名球迷来观战。echo v. 〔场所〕充满回声英义a place echoes, it is filled with sounds that are repeated or are similar to each other例句The house echoed with the sound of children’s voices.屋子里回荡着孩子们的说话声。frantically adv. 疯狂地，狂热地例句He dashed frantically across the road. 他疯狂地跑过马路。arena n. 〔四周设有座位供比赛或表演的〕场地英义a building with a large flat central area surrounded by seats, where sports or entertainments take place例句a sports arena 运动场barbarous adj. 野蛮的，无礼的，粗鄙的英义wild and not civilized例句a savage barbarous people凶猛野蛮的民族mentality n. 〔尤指被视为错误或愚蠢的〕心态英义a particular attitude or way of thinking, especially one that you think is wrong or stupid例句I can’t understand the mentality of the people who are behind this kind of violence.我不能理解策划这种暴力的那些人是什么心态。rejuvenate v. 使〔某人〕变得年轻; 使〔某人〕恢复活力英义usually passive to make someone look or feel young and strong again例句I came back from holiday feeling rejuvenated.我度假回来，感到恢复了活力。erstwhile adj. 以前的; 过去的:英义(formal) former or in the past例句She found herself ostracized by erstwhile friends.她发现自己遭到了以前那些朋友的排斥。revive v. 重新使用，使复兴英义to bring something back after it has not been used or has not existed for a period of time例句Local people have decided to revive this centuries-old tradition.当地人决定复兴这个延续了数世纪的传统。schsdule v. 排定，把…安排在，预定英义to plan that something will happen at a particular time例句The elections are scheduled for mid-June.选举预定在 6 月中旬举行。🔥重点表达一种激烈的比赛 a tough game紧要关头 at a critical moment充满呼声 echo/ resound with chorus同声狂呼 chorus of wild yells= simultaneous wild yells向…致敬 salute sb.习惯做某事 get/ be used to doing sth.震耳的呼声 deafening roar…的遗风 modern version of …白发的老教授 hoary-headed old professors 不由自主地 in spite of myself同化 be assimilated into 老人意态 old-age mentality斯文样子 scholarly dignity 差不多 by and large使某人想起 remind sb of sth🔥复盘测试一种激烈的比赛 紧要关头 充满呼声同声狂呼 向…致敬 习惯做某事 震耳的呼声 …的遗风 白发的老教授不由自主地 同化 老人意态 斯文样子 差不多 使某人想起🔥表达对比「呼声」有几种表达方式？每到紧要关头，几千人同声喊着本校的「呼声」以鼓励场中的武士。At each critical moment, the stadium would be echoing with the spectators’ chorus of wild yells for their own athletic heroes.有受伤的球员，扶下场时，大家也喊着「呼声」祝贺他，安慰他。Whenever a player of their side was injured and helped out of the football field, they would also yell by way of saluting and comforting him.我第一次观场，看见那野蛮的奋斗，听着那震耳的「呼声」，实在不惯At first I just couldn’t get used to the rough play and deafening roar我的植物教习罗里教授就坐在我的附近，——也拼命的喊着助威的「呼声」！我心里更不明白了！I was very surprised to see my professor of botany, who happened to sit nearby, also shouting frantically.但是我以后还去看过几次，看到第三次，我也不知不觉的站起来，跟着我们的同学们拼命的喊那助威的「呼声」！I went to watch football several times. The third time, however, found me rising to my feet in spite of myself to join my fellow students in cheering like mad.
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