Honest Poverty –Fang Zhimin 🔥背景知识：《清贫》是方志敏烈士（1899-1935）1935年英勇就义前在江西国民党监狱中写下的不朽散文。文章通过真人真事表达作者清廉朴素的生活和崇尚的人生目的，情挚意深，爱憎分明。🎈清贫=清honest（或者clean and simple）+贫poverty。可参考本篇文章最后一句。我从事革命斗争，已经十余年了。在长期的奋斗中，我一向是过着朴素的生活，从没有奢侈过。I have been engaged in the revolutionary struggle for more than a decade. During these long militant years, I have lived a plain life with no luxuries to speak of.🎈be engaged in从事，参与🎈之前的解析提到过，见到“10”，可优先考虑使用decade。🎈with no luxuries to speak of 看作life的后置定语。其中，no … to speak of没有……好提及/说的 经手的款项，总在数百万元；但为革命而筹集的金钱，是一点一滴地用之于革命事业。Millions of dollars passed through my hands, but I always saw to it that every single cent of the money raised for the revolution was spent for no other purposes.🎈to see it that…与to make sure that..同义，作「确保」解。🎈every single+ n.“每一” 例句They live like this every single day.他们每天都这样生活。🎈raised for the revolution作money的后置定语。🎈为革命而筹集的金钱，是一点一滴地用之于革命事业→每一分为革命而筹集的金钱都用于革命事业。参考译文中，副词词性的“一点一滴地”转化为了名词词性“每一分钱every single cent of；同时，用于革命事业译作for no other purposes，正话反说，增强表达效果。这在国民党的伟人们看来，颇似奇迹，或认为夸张；而矜持不苟，舍己为公，却是每个共产党员具备的美德。This may sound like a miracle or an exaggeration to Kuomintang VIPs. Self-discipline and self-sacrifice, however, are the virtue characteristic of a Communist.🎈“国民党伟人们”指“国民党要人们”，故译为Kuomintang VIPs。VIP（very important person）。备考翻硕的同学注意积累常见缩略语。复习威妥玛式拼音法这种方案被普遍用来拼写中国的人名、地名等，一般称为威妥玛式拼音。威妥玛式拼音，虽然保持了接近英文拼法的一些特点，但是并不完全迁就英文的拼写习惯。🎈词缀self-：与形容词，名词构成的词](用于构词)表示「靠自身的」，「由自身的」。所以，如果有人问身边有没有一些积蓄，那我可以告诉你一桩趣事：Therefore, should anyone inquire of me about my personal savings, let him read the following amusing episode: 🎈should anyone inquire of…是省略if的虚拟条件句的用法。在虚拟条件句中，如果从句中含有were, had或should等词时，可以将if省去，把were, had或should等词提到主语前，引起倒装。此句=if anyone should inquire of me about…。其中，inquire of 表示“询问”。Q: “那我可以告诉你一桩趣事”为什么译作let him read the following amusing episode?🎈从中文原句看，此处作者是想告诉「向他提问的人」一桩趣事，译成him并无不妥，还会使译文上下文更衔接、更易理解。如果将此句译作let me tell him/you…也可以，但细细品味，会有些生硬。🎈「一桩趣事」可译为amusing event, occurrence、episode等，但以episode 较为合适，因为它指一系列事件中的一件。就在我被俘的那一天——一个最不幸的日子，有两个国民党军的兵士，在树林中发现了我，而且猜到我是什么人的时候，他们满肚子热望在我身上搜出一千或八百大洋，或者搜出一些金镯金戒指一类的东西，发个意外之财。On the day of my capture—a most inauspicious day it was—two Kuomintang soldiers discovered me in a wood. Sizing me up, they thought they had come upon a windfall and started making a frantic body search, hopefully to find on me hundreds of silver dollars or some jewellery like gold bracelets or rings.🎈sizing me up是伴随状语；hopefully to find （on me）…是目的状语。🎈“一千或八百大洋”中“大洋”指“银元”故译为silver dollars。 🎈“发个意外之财”译为had come upon a windfall，其中come upon意为偶然碰到或发现；windfall本指a piece of fruit blown off a tree by the wind，现指a piece of unexpected fortune。 那知道从我上身摸到下身，从袄领捏到袜底，除了一只时表和一枝自来水笔之外，一个铜板都没有搜出。They frisked me from top to toe and passed their hands over everything on me from the collar of my jacket to the soles of my socks, but, contrary to their expectation, they found nothing at all, not even a single copper, except a watch and a fountain pen.🎈over everything表示（手）捏着…，on me表示（手）在我身上。🎈contrary to是一个形容词短语，作状语，修饰整个句子。🎈自来水笔；钢笔fountain pen他们于是激怒起来了，猜疑我是把钱藏在那里，不肯拿出来。They were exasperated, suspecting that I had my money hidden somewhere and refused to give it up.🎈suspecting that…作原因状语🎈had my money hidden是have sth. done结构。他们之中有一个左手拿着一个木柄榴弹，右手拉出榴弹中的引线，双脚拉开一步，作出要抛掷的姿势，用凶恶的眼光钉住我，威吓地吼道： “赶快将钱拿出来，不然就是一炸弹，把你炸死去！” One of the two men had in his left hand a wooden-handled grenade. He pulled out the cord from inside the wooden handle and moved his legs one step apart as if he was about to throw the grenade. Glowering at me ferociously, he threatened loudly, “Out with your money quick, or you die!” 🎈时间状语与地点状语在句子中的位置没有严格的限制。🎈“拉出榴弹中的引线”中的“引线”不是“引信”（fuse），故译为cord。 🎈from inside是双重介词的用法。🎈move one step apart中apart是副词，表示“在空间上相隔，相距”。🎈“不然就是一炸弹，把你炸死去”本可按字面直译为or the bomb finishes you off，现译为or you die，简洁明白，较口语化。又，动词die用作现在不定式，不用将来式will die，是为了表达一种必然将发生的事（a certainty）。 “哼！你不要作出那难看的样子来吧！我确实一个铜板都没有存；想从我这里发洋财，是想错了。”我微笑着淡淡地说。 “Hey!” I said drily with a faint smile. “Don’t you put on such nasty airs! True I haven’t got a single copper with me. You’re barking up wrong tree to seek a fortune from me.” 🎈微笑着淡淡地说→微笑着冷漠地说，“淡淡”此处作“冷漠”讲。现译为drily。🎈当祈使句以 Don’t 开头又要加重语气时，用法如下：Don’t you be late again next time. 你下次不要再来晚了。🎈put on airs摆架子。其中，airs是复数名词，意为矫揉造作，装腔作势，做作。补充airs and graces做作的姿态, 装腔作势give oneself airs盛气凌人, 神气活现🎈True是副词，作状语。查询语料库发现，true之后有逗号远比没有逗号常见，但是没有逗号的情况也不是完全不存在。🎈「想从我这里发财，是想错了」译为You’re barking up the wrong tree to seek a fortune from me，其中to bark up the wrong tree是常见于口语的习语，意即「找错地方」或「找错人」。 “你骗谁！像你当大官的人会没有钱！”拿榴弹的兵士坚不相信。 “Shit! Nobody can ever believe a big shot like you ain’t got no money!” the soldier with the grenade remained wholly incredulous. 🎈「你骗谁」是粗话，相当于「胡说」，不宜直译，现译为Shit。 🎈“像你当大官的人会没有钱”译为A big shot like you ain’t got no money?，其中ain’t等于hasn’t，常见于口语。又，译句中用两个否定（double negative）表达一个否定，为文化低的人所用的不规范英语。 “决不会没有钱的，一定是藏在那里，我是老出门的，骗不得我。”另一个兵士一面说，一面弓着背重来一次将我的衣角裤裆过细的捏，总企望着有新的发现。 “No money?” the other soldier joined in. “Impossible! It must be hidden somewhere. No fooling an old hand like me.” Meanwhile, he bent low to pass his hand again meticulously over every nook and corner of my clothes and the crotch of my trousers, still holding out high hopes of making a new discovery. 🎈「决不会没有钱的」是恶狠狠的话，不宜直译，现根据人物对话情景译为No money? Impossible，取其神似。🎈「老出门的」意即「老手」，故译为an old hand。 🎈对……抱（巨大）希望hold out (high) hope of…“你们要相信我的话，不要瞎忙吧！我不比你们国民党当官的，个个都有钱，我今天确实是一个铜板也没有，我们革命不是为着发财啦！”我再向他们解释。 “You should believe me and stop messing around!” I explained again. “Unlike your Kuomintang officials who’re rolling in money, I’m really penniless. We join the revolution not for personal gain.” 🎈「不要瞎忙吧」意即「别胡闹」，可译为don’t act or speak stupidly，但欠口语化，现译为stop messing around或stop mucking around。🎈roll in纷至沓来，涌现，滚滚而来。常用法为roll in +n.或sth. is rolling in。个个都有钱→个个都在滚钱，现译为are rolling in money，画面感满分。等他们确知在我身上搜不出什么的时候，也就停手不搜了；又在我藏躲地方的周围，低头注目搜寻了一番，也毫无所得，他们是多么地失望呵！Finally, when they knew for certain that there was no money on me, they gave up the body search. Nevertheless, they lowered their heads to scan here and there the place where I had hidden myself, but again in vain. How frustrated they must have felt!🎈Nevertheless表示文章逻辑关系。🎈徒劳in vain 🎈here and there的英文释义是first this place and then that place。句子中做状语，作“来回地”解，修饰scan。则译文可以理解成they scan the place (where I had hidden myself) here and here.🎈must have done是对过去的肯定推测。那个持弹欲放地兵士，也将拉着的引线，仍旧塞进榴弹的木柄里，转过来抢夺我的表和水笔。The soldier holding grenade pushed the cord back into its wooden handle, and turned round to scramble for my watch and fountain pen.🎈holding grenade作the soldier的后置定语。🎈转身turn round抢夺scramble for 后彼此说定表和笔卖出钱来平分，才算无话。他们用怀疑而又惊异的目光，对我自上而下地望了几遍，就同声命令地说：“走吧！” The two men, however, settled their dispute by agreeing to divide the money equally between them after selling the spoils. They eyed me up and down with suspicion and amazement before barking out in chorus,” Come along!” 🎈settle此处作动词，意为“解决、结束（争端、纷争）；spoils是复数名词，意为战利品。🎈by agreeing…是方式状语。🎈「同声命令」译作了barking out in chorus。用「吠叫，吼叫bark」一词充分还原了当时的场景，体现了作者对眼前人的憎恶。🎈come along是惯用语，意为“加把劲，赶快”。例句Come along, Osmond. No sense in your standing around.快点儿，奥斯蒙德，你闲站着干什么。是不是还要问问我家里有没有一些财产？请等一下，让我想一想，啊，记起来了，有的有的，但不算多。Dear readers, maybe you wish to know if I have any private property at home. Just a minute! Let me see… Ah, here it is, but nothing much though.🎈明确指出这句话说给谁听：dear readers，使读者有一种作者在直接和其对话的感觉。Q: but和though为什么连用了？🎈though的口语用法,表示“可是,但是,不过”。though是个副词,放在句末。我们都知道though引导的让步状语从句,主句是不能用but引导,即though不能和but连用。但此处并不是though引导从句，而只是一个句子,but后面并不是主句。去年暑天我穿的几套旧的汗褂裤，与几双缝上底的线袜，已交给我的妻放在深山坞里保藏着——怕国民党军进攻时，被人抢了去，准备今年暑天拿出来再穿； I have left with my wife for safekeeping a few changes of used underwear and a few pairs of socks with mended soles, all of which I used to wear last summer. She has now put them away in a remote mountain valley to prevent them from being stolen in case of Kuomintang attack, so that I may wear them again this summer.🎈注意对意群的切分以及对文章逻辑关系的补充。这句话切分为：我把（物件）交给妻子I…。妻子把（物件）放到深山She…，目的是以防国民党进攻时抢走to prevent…。正因如此/正是这样so that…，我今年夏天才有机会穿上（这些物件）。那些就算是我唯一的财产了。但我说出那几件“传世宝”来，岂不要叫那些富翁们齿冷三天？！ These are all the property I have to my name. But wouldn’t the declaration of my “family treasures” make myself an object of lively ridicule to the rich? 🎈to my name意为“我名下”。例句Not a penny to my name. 我的名下没有一分钱,即我身无分文。🎈「叫那些富翁们齿冷三天」意即「被那些有钱人尽情嘲笑」，现译为make myself an object of lively ridicule to the rich。 清贫，洁白朴素的生活，正是我们革命者能够战胜许多困难的地方！To remain honest though poor, to live a clean and simple life—that is what we revolutionaries count on to overcome innumerable difficulties! 🎈「清贫」译作（to remain）honest though poor。🎈「洁白朴素的生活」是「清贫」的同位语；that指代「清贫」或者「洁白朴素的生活」🎈count on依靠，依赖。例如：有首歌的歌词就是you can count on me…🔥必背词汇engage v.参与;从事英义If you engage in an activity, you do it or are actively involved with it.例句I have never engaged in the drug trade.我从未参与过毒品交易。militant adj.激进的;好战的英义You use militant to describe people who believe in something very strongly and are active in trying to bring about political or social change, often in extreme ways that other people find unacceptable.例句always militant in struggle斗志昂扬plain adj.朴素的；简朴的英义Something that is plain is very simple in style.例句Bronwen’s dress was plain but it hung well on her…布朗温的长裙虽然朴素，却很合身。windfall n.意外之财;横财英义A windfall is a sum of money that you receive unexpectedly or by luck, for example if you win a lottery.例句windfall profits.意外利润bracelet n.手镯英义A bracelet is a chain or band, usually made of metal, which you wear around your wrist as jewellery.例句a bracelet set with emeralds嵌有绿宝石的手镯sole n.脚掌;鞋底;袜底英义The sole of your foot or of a shoe or sock is the underneath surface of it.例句He had burned the sole of his foot.他的一只脚脚底被灼伤了。exasperate v.激怒;触怒;使生气英义If someone or something exasperates you, they annoy you and make you feel frustrated or upset.例句The sheer futility of it all exasperates her.它毫无用处，这让她很生气。drily adv.冷淡地英义in a way that shows no emotion例句He smiled drily and leaned back in his chair.他冷漠地笑了笑，然后倚在了椅子上。meticulously adv.一丝不苟地英义in a way that pays careful attention to every detail例句Cruelty shucks to can ruthless ground the word that people packs meticulously with the euphuism.残酷到能毫不留情地剥去人们用华丽的词藻精心包装的字眼。🔥重点表达清 贫Honest Poverty/to remain honest though poor从事革命斗争已经十余年了have been engaged in the revolutionary struggle for more than a decade在长期的奋斗中During these long militant years过着朴素的生活，从没有奢侈过have lived a plain life with no luxuries to speak of经手的款项dollars passed through my hands确保to see it that…为革命而筹集的金钱the money raised for the revolution国民党的伟人们Kuomintang VIPs这在……看来，颇似奇迹，或认为夸张This may sound like a miracle or an exaggeration to…矜持不苟Self-discipline舍己为公self-sacrifice是每个共产党员具备的美德are the virtue characteristic of a communist积蓄personal savings一桩趣事an amusing episode在我被俘的那一天On the day of my capture发个意外之财come upon a windfall搜身make a body search金镯金戒指gold bracelets or rings从我上身摸到下身frisked me from top to toe从袄领到袜底from the collar of my jacket to the soles of my socks一个铜板都没有搜出found nothing at all, not even a single copper自来水笔；钢笔fountain pen激怒起来了were exasperated把钱藏在那里had my money hidden somewhere一个木柄榴弹a wooden-handled grenade拉出榴弹中的引线pulled out the cord from inside the wooden handle双脚拉开一步moved his legs one step apart赶快将钱拿出来，不然就是一炸弹，把你炸死去！Out with your money quick, or you die!微笑着淡淡地说said drily with a faint smile你不要作出那难看的样子来吧！Don’t you put on such nasty airs!想从我这里发洋财，是想错了You’re barking up wrong tree to seek a fortune from me.像你当大官的人会没有钱A big shot like you ain’t got no money?坚不相信remained wholly incredulous“老出门的”意即“老手”an old hand对……抱（巨大）希望hold out (high) hope of…每个角落 every nook and corner of瞎忙messing around个个都有钱are rolling in money一个铜板也没有be penniless革命join the revolution徒劳in vain转身turn round抢夺scramble for 把钱平分divide the money equally between them after selling the spoils自上而下地望了几遍eyed me up and down加把劲，赶快come along但不算多but nothing much though交给我的妻（保管）left with my wife for safekeeping…几双缝上底的线袜few pairs of socks with mended soles深山坞里in a remote mountain valley传世宝family treasures叫那些富翁们齿冷三天make myself an object of lively ridicule to the rich依靠，依赖count on做作的姿态, 装腔作势airs and graces盛气凌人, 神气活现give oneself airs🔥复盘测试清 贫从事革命斗争已经十余年了在长期的奋斗中过着朴素的生活，从没有奢侈过确保为革命而筹集的金钱国民党的伟人们这在……看来，颇似奇迹，或认为夸张矜持不苟舍己为公是每个共产党员具备的美德积蓄一桩趣事在我被俘的那一天发个意外之财搜身金镯金戒指从我上身摸到下身从袄领到袜底一个铜板都没有搜出自来水笔；钢笔激怒起来了把钱藏在那里一个木柄榴弹拉出榴弹中的引线双脚拉开一步赶快将钱拿出来，不然就是一炸弹，把你炸死去！微笑着淡淡地说你不要作出那难看的样子来吧！想从我这里发洋财，是想错了像你当大官的人会没有钱坚不相信“老出门的”意即“老手”对……抱（巨大）希望每个角落瞎忙个个都有钱一个铜板也没有革命徒劳转身抢夺把钱平分自上而下地望了几遍加把劲，赶快但不算多交给我的妻（保管）几双缝上底的线袜深山坞里传世宝叫那些富翁们齿冷三天依靠，依赖做作的姿态, 装腔作势盛气凌人, 神气活现🔥表达对比「身无分文」有几种表达？我今天确实是「一个铜板也没有带」。I’m really penniless. 我买不起一条新裙子，我「一点钱都没有了」。I can’t afford to buy a new dress. I’m flat broke.我每个月都会存下一点钱，所以我从来没有真正地「缺过钱」。I put away some money every month so I have never been really hard up.这位年轻人为了来到这座城市花掉了自己所有的钱，他现在是「身无分文」。The young man used all his money to get to the city so he hasn’t got a penny to his name now.由于学费上涨,一些居住在大城市的大学生会「感到生活拮据」。Some university students living in major cities find themselves strapped for cash due to the rise in tuition fees.我现在「一分钱也没有」。估计我们不能去法国度假了。I’m completely skint. I guess we’re not going on that holiday to France anymore.
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