《初到中国旅游可到哪些地方》 -英语翻译教程-中英双语赏析

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初到中国旅游可到哪些地方

Tips on Traveling to China the First Time

🔥提示：本文是一篇旅游文体的短文。当今，英语旅游文体的特点倾向于简明、流畅，介绍内容重点突出,使旅游者一目了然。原文题目较长，英译时应概括全文的内容，给初来乍到的外国游客提供明快的信息。tip一词似乎与中文标题稍有出入，但与全文介绍的内容融会贯通，因为原文中的三大问题不仅反映了“应当去中国的哪些地方”，而且还描述了“应当买什么东西”。tip在此意为helpful information，这难道不是初来中国的游客所期待的吗?此种译法在文章标题、画册解说中尤为突出。

一、第一次到中国旅游，应当先去哪些地方？

1. Which cities are preferable for tourists to visit on their first trip to China?

🎈这句话译法多种多样，比如which cities should be listed as favorable places on my/tourists’ first trip to China？不用设限。

答:这首先要看您能安排多少时间。

What you see depends on how long you can stay in China.

🎈what引导主语从句，what to see就表示“您观赏/参观的内容（要根据停留时长而定）”

一般地说，第一次到中国应当先到北京、上海、西安等地。

Generally speaking, tourists should first visit cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Xi’an.

Q:英文Xi’an为什么要加一撇?

🎈因为前后要分开来读，读成“西安”。如果不加一撇，就有可能读成“现”，这一撇其实是汉语拼音中的隔音符号。

北京是中国的政治、文化中心。在这里您可以游览万里长城中的一段——八达岭；明、清两代皇室居住的地方——故宫；清朝御花园——颐和园和北海；

Beijing is a political and cultural center that offers some scenic attractions: Badaling which is a part of the spectacular Great Wall; Gugong (Imperial Palace) where emperors of the Ming and the Qing dynasties lived; Yiheyuan (Summer Palace) which is an imperial garden of the Qing dynasty; and Beihai, also an imperial garden used by successive emperors in the Yuan, the Ming and the Qing dynasties.

🎈学习句子的衔接方式：…center that offers…，也可译作从句，例如…center where you can enjoy…

🎈“北海”其实是元、明、清的仲花园，故添上元、明，以增加其胜景的诱惑力。

还可品尝到正宗的北京烤鸭、涮羊肉。

There is more to Beijing than buildings. Foods such as authentic Beijing roast duck and instant-boiled mutton have proved popular with tourists as well.

🎈本句谈及品尝的食物,与上句观光的内容有异。英译时应依据英语的语法结构，增添适当的连接词句,以分开两类不同的内容，使英语行文自然，无突兀佶屈之感。也可用in addition来代替There is more to Beijing than buildings。

🎈…还不止如此 There is more to…

例句

Anyway, there is more to the story.

不管怎样，后面还有故事。

But there is more to this city.

不过，城市别有洞天。

上海是中国最大的城市，在这里选购物品最合适。

Shanghai, a shopping center for best buys, is the largest city in China.

🎈“在这里选购物品最合适”译作a shopping center for best buys，其中buy是可数名词，指划算的东西、性价比高的商品，和“选购物品最合适”在文意上是一致的。

上海品种繁多的小吃、 糕点和手工艺品、纺织品，会使您感到满意。

Tourists will be satisfied with what the city supplies, from various snacks and cakes to handicrafts and textiles.

🎈对……感到满意 be satisfied with

例句

Secretary Kerry says no one can be satisfied with the situation in Syria today.

国务卿克里表示，没有一方会对叙利亚现在的情况感到满意。

离上海仅有几小时路程的苏州和杭州，是中国园林艺术的代表，被人称为“天堂”。

Neighboring Suzhou and Hangzhou, only a couple of hours away from Shanghai by train, are two garden cities, each considered by Chinese to be “paradise on earth”.

🎈“隔壁学校”就可以说neighboring school/university。only a couple of hours away…是典型的用时间表示距离的用法，如：The house is ten minutes away. 那个房子距这儿有10分钟的路程。each considered by Chinese to be “paradise on earth”是独立主格结构。

西安是古丝绸之路的起点，也是中国历史上建都最多的城市之一。

Xi’an, the starting point of the ancient Silk Road, was capital intermittently for many dynasties in the Chinese history.

🎈这句译文的结构安排和上文介绍“上海”时是一致的。译文加上intermittently以揭示“建都”的内涵,使读者对西安有进一步的认识，不添此词,句子同样成立。

🎈起点the starting point

古丝绸之路the ancient Silk Road

新发掘的秦兵马俑被称为“世界第八大奇迹”;

The life-size terra cotta soldiers and horses of the Qin dynasty (221-206 B.C.), unearthed recently, are praised as “the Eighth Wonder of the World.”

🎈life-size是形容词，专门表示绘画、雕塑等与真人或实物一样大小的。(221-206 B.C.)是增译成分，使读者脑中有更清晰的时间线。

大雁塔、鼓楼是唐代留下来的建筑; 您可以到杨贵妃洗澡的华清池去洗温泉澡; 作为炎黄子孙还可以去拜谒离西安不远的黄帝陵。

Other interesting sites in the vicinity are Dayan Ta (Great Wild Goose Pagoda) and Gu Lou (Drum Tower), both erected in the Tang dynasty; and the Huaqing Hot Springs where visitors may bathe in the warm mineral water. This site used to be the private baths for Yang Guifei, favorite concubine of the Tang emperor. If you are of Chinese descent, you may pay tribute to the tomb of Huangdi (Yellow Emperor), first Chinese emperor.

🎈本句重新组织译文结构和段落:把大雁塔、鼓楼等古迹视为other interesting sites,以突出秦兵马俑的世界第八大奇迹。

🎈把“炎黄子孙”译为of the Chinese descent,译义与原句的内涵基本保持不变，避免句子冗长、拖沓。本句增添first Chinese emperor至关重要，以免外国读者对Huangdi这概念模糊不清。同样理由，上句中的杨贵妃，译文中也附加了同位语favorite concubine of the Tang emperor,以帮助缺乏中国文化背景知识的外国人。增添必要的同位语是汉英翻译中的常用技巧之一，值得重视。

在西安还可以欣赏到仿唐音乐和歌舞，尝品唐菜。

In addition, tourists will enjoy the pleasing Tang music and dance, as well as the duplication of fancy Tang dishes available there.

🎈增添pleasing和fancy仿佛无关紧要，但这类调味词点缀了Tang music and dance和Tang dishes,极大地提高了外籍游客的情趣。

二、什么时候到中国旅游最佳?冬季去什么地方好？

2. When is the best time for the trip? Where are the best places available in winter?

🎈available一词用法灵活。大体上表示“可以满足他人在某一场合的例行需要”。例如打电话找某人，找得到就是available；要拜访某经理，秘书说他忙或者外出了，就是not available；市场上某种货物脱销，也是not available。

答：中国幅员广大，各地景色、气候差异很大，可以说一年四季都可以旅游。

China is a vast land with great contrasts in landscape and climate. Consequently, tourists may pay a visit anytime.

🎈幅员广大is a vast land，catti必备。可以说→也就是说/正因如此…，译作Consequently。

🎈 pay a visit (to…)是固定搭配，指“参观(某地)”

季羡林《上海菜市场》

但是，我们的许多外国朋友却偏要去<看一看>早晨的菜市场。

Nevertheless, many foreign friends of mine would rather pay a morning visit to the food markets there.

如到上述所说的北京、上海、西安最好是在春秋两季。

Spring and autumn are supposed to be the best time to tour cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Xi’an.

🎈结构划分：…the best time/ to tour cities /like Beijing…，其中“tour+地点”指在某地旅游观光。

冬季您若怕冷的话可以到没有酷暑和严冬的“春城”——昆明，那里有引人入胜的石林和滇池，还可到西双版纳去欣赏亚热带风光。

If you dislike the cold, you can visit Kunming in south China, which is known for its year-round spring weather. A closer look takes you to the Stone Forest and the Dianchi Lake. You can also go to Xishuangbanna to enjoy subtropic scenery.

🎈破折号后的“那里”一词已由A closer look译出。根据上下文，英译文显然内含“仔细看，那里还有惹人注目的名胜”。接着很自然地引出了昆明附近还有两处胜景一一石林和滇池。这类译法不但达原作的意境，而且还追求上下文的协调，旅游重点随之突出。

🎈词义辨析scene、scenery：

scene指局部的、一眼可见全貌的风景或景色,不限于自然的风景,也常指(戏剧、电影、小说等的)场景、布景。scenery则指某一国家或某一地区的整体的自然风景。

也可以去桂林，沿着漓江顺水而下到阳朔，“桂林山水甲天下，阳朔山水甲桂林”，这个旅游项目不会使你失望。

Guilin in south China lies on the banks of the Li River. Downstream Yangshuo stands by. “Guilin has the most beautiful scenery in China, while Yangshuo is the most fascinating part of a Guilin tour.” A tour of these cities will be a most rewarding experience.

🎈“阳朔山水甲桂林”译为 Yangshuo is the most fascinating part of a Guilin tour 固然也未尝不可，然而，桂林之景既然堪称中华之冠为何阳朔之美还胜于桂林呢?咀嚼本句之余，一阵矛盾之感油然而生。

🎈把“失望”直译为disappointing不符合英美人习惯。在众多的场合下，他们习惯使用正面或吉利的语言，回避那些反面或不吉利的语言。rewarding experience颇合习惯。

没有见过冰雪的港澳同胞，不妨在一二月份去哈尔滨，那里是冰雪的世界，可以观雪景，看冰灯，滑雪，滑冰。

Harbin is particularly good for sightseeing in January and February. Those who have never seen any snow in Hong Kong or Macao may either view the ice festival or go skiing and skating in this world of snow.

🎈“……的人”可用 “one/those who……”的结构。“观雪景，看冰灯”合并译作view the ice festival，结合哈尔滨冰雪节的背景看是可以的。

三、在中国有什么东西最值得买?在什么地方买最合适？

3. What is well worth purchasing in China? Where are those things available?

🎈worth和worthy作形容词时，worth表示的含义是“有…价值、值得做…”，常用的固定搭配是：be worth n/doing（做某事是值得的）。worthy表示的含义是“值得的、值得尊敬的”常用的固定搭配是：be worthy of。

答：中国的手工艺品、丝绸、瓷器、地毯、棉纺织品在世界上享有盛名，而且比在世界其他地方购买价格更合理，挑选余地更大。

China has won a worldwide reputation for handicrafts, silk, porcelain, carpets and textiles, all more reasonably priced and of greater variety than elsewhere in the world.

🎈have/enjoy a + adj+ reputation可以套用到复试自我介绍中夸目标学校。

中国各地都有自己独特的产品可买，比如说北京的景泰兰、地毯；上海的中国服装、棉纺织品，杭州的丝绸；苏州的古玩;到西安您可以买兵马俑、唐三彩。

Unique local creations are available in their own cities, such as Beijing’s cloisonné and carpets, Shanghai’s Chinese clothing and cotton textiles, Hangzhou’s silk, Suzhou’s antiques, and Xi’an’s three-colored glazed pottery of the Tang dynasty and terra-cotta figures.

🎈在译文中，“兵马俑”和“唐三彩”互换位置,以免产生歧义。若硬套汉语排列序，译文为 Xi’an’s terra cotta figures and three-colored glazed pottery of the Tang dynasty,容易把 terra-cotta figures误认为是唐朝的产物。

如果您嫌麻烦，也可以在北京、上海的友谊商店里将东西一次买齐，大城市的友谊商店一般货源都比较充足，而且一般可以代您托运。

If tourists are not able to reach these cities, most of these products can be purchased in the Friendship stores in big cities like Beijing and Shanghai. These stores will also help you transport what you have bought.

🎈不直译”嫌麻烦”，用委婉语to be not able to reach these cities表达。切忌使用trouble一类貌似神离的词，仿佛游客在旅途中会遇到什么麻烦似的。

爱好艺术的游客，还可以在中国购买字画和古玩。

Some tourists who are keen on art may wish to buy antique objects as well as Chinese calligraphy and paintings.

🎈喜欢、爱好be keen on

老舍《想北平》

对于物质上，我却<喜欢>北平的花多菜多果子多。

But I am keen on the flowers, vegetables and fruit which grow in rich abundance in Peiping.

但记住一定要有发票和正式鉴定标记（即红漆标记），才不致在海关遇到麻烦。

Be sure to get your receipts and an identification seal (a red wax seal) before you go through the Chinese customs.

🎈此句不宜直译，应根据具体实物迻译。避开令人扫兴的“麻烦”一词，告诫外籍游客购买字画和古玩应有发票和正式鉴定标记。译文语气朴实、婉转，与欢度节假日的游客的心情融为一体，以免大煞游兴。

🎈看到a red wax seal，想补充一个和red有关的表达：red tape繁文缛节。几个世纪以来，英国的律师和官员都是以红色的书带绑住一踏踏的文件。所以red tape是公文的代称，再进一步引申为繁文缛节、官样文章。例如，员工向公司申请一支笔，要填三张表、盖五个章，就可称为red tape。

🔥必背词汇

spectacular        adj.引人注目的，惊人的，壮观的

英义

Something that is spectacular is very impressive or dramatic.

例句

spectacular views of the Sugar Loaf Mountain

甜面包山的壮观景色

textile       n.纺织品

英义

any type of cloth made by weaving or knitting

例句

a factory producing a range of textiles

生产一系列纺织品的工厂

🔥重点表达

一般地说Generally speaking

政治、文化中心a political and cultural center

长城the spectacular Great Wall

御花园an imperial garden

故宫Gugong (Imperial Palace)

颐和园Yiheyuan (Summer Palace)

正宗的北京烤鸭、涮羊肉authentic Beijing roast duck and instant-boiled mutton

…还不止如此 There is more to…

对……感到满意 be satisfied with

起点the starting point

古丝绸之路the ancient Silk Road

秦兵马俑The life-size terra cotta soldiers and horses of the Qin dynasty (221-206 B.C.)

大雁塔Dayan Ta (Great Wild Goose Pagoda)

鼓楼Gu Lou (Drum Tower)

幅员广大is a vast land

各地景色、气候差异很大with great contrasts in landscape and climate

参观(某地) pay a visit (to…)

观雪景view the ice festival

滑雪滑冰go skiing and skating

享有盛名have/enjoy a + adj+ reputation

唐三彩three-colored glazed pottery

景泰兰cloisonné

喜欢、爱好be keen on

海关the customs

🔥复盘测试

一般地说

政治、文化中心

长城

御花园

故宫

颐和园

正宗的北京烤鸭、涮羊肉

…还不止如此

对……感到满意

起点

古丝绸之路

秦兵马俑

大雁塔

鼓楼

幅员广大

各地景色、气候差异很大

参观(某地)

观雪景

滑雪滑冰

享有盛名

唐三彩

景泰兰

喜欢、爱好

海关

🔥表达对比

「适合」有几种表达？

一、第一次到中国旅游，应当先去哪些地方？

1. Which cities are preferable for tourists to visit on their first trip to China?

上海是中国最大的城市，在这里选购物品（最合适）。

Shanghai, a shopping center for best buys, is the largest city in China.

在小学和中学的时代容易结成真实的友谊，那时彼此尚不感到生活的压迫，入世未深，打算计较的念头也少，朋友的结成全由于志趣相近或（性情适合），差不多可以说是“无所为”的，性质比较地纯粹。

Real friendship is easily formed in primary or middle school days when, being socially inexperienced and free from the burden of life, you give little thought to personal gains or losses, and make friends entirely as a result of similar tastes and interests or congenial disposition. It is sort of “friendship for friendship’s sake” and is relatively pure in nature.

耶娅觉得她不安分的个性（不适合）包办的婚姻。

Jeya feels that her ambitious nature made her unsuitable for an arranged marriage.

“唔，也许，紫丁香花这种淡雅而又有点忧郁的情调（适合）我的气质。”

“Well, maybe. Their quiet elegance plus a slight touch of melancholy suits my disposition.”

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