The Enamel Mug ——Wan Quan🔥背景知识：散文《搪瓷茶缸》出自一个不知名的作者——万全，写作年月也不详，据说最初发表在20世纪50年代《人民日报》副刊上。文章语言朴实无华，语调平和，感情真挚，人情味盎然，内容涉及区区生活小事，但却反映出时代的变迁，读后回味无穷，故乐于为之英译。每走进百货公司，看到那些洁白的、柔和的、米黄色的和花色诱人的搪瓷茶缸，总感到一种愉快。Whenever I visit a department store, I always take delight in seeing the enamel mugs which, pure white or creamy, are graceful in pattern and colour.🎈百货公司、大百货商店a department store🎈因…欢喜take delight in🎈「米黄色的」译为creamy。也可译为creamy-coloured、ivory、ivory-coloured等。上中学的时候，由于少女的洁癖，喜欢使用白色的搪瓷器皿。In my middle school days, I preferred to use white enamelware because, like most young girls, I was very particular about cleanliness.🎈「洁癖」本意是「过分讲究清洁的癖好」，这里可按「特别讲究清洁」之意译为was very particular about cleanliness，其中particular about可换用fastidious about，都表示「讲究」，但语气较重。文中「洁癖」也可译为I was very cleanly (我非常爱干净)。记得那时候要买一只瑞典货的纯白大茶缸，要花五块多光洋，得进“惠罗公司”之类外国铺子。In those days, I remember, a Swede-made pure white mug would cost five silver dollars, and it was obtainable only at a foreign firm.🎈当时，在过去的日子里，在那些天 In those days🎈句中「光洋」指银元，故译作silver dollars1939年在重庆，某商店从滇缅路运进来一批搪瓷茶缸，价钱当然比战前更贵。In 1939, a certain store in Chongqing offered for sale, at a price of course higher than in prewar days, a stock of enamel mugs they had laid in through the Yunnan-Burma highway.🎈理清此句结构，先抓主干：In 1939, a store offered for sale a stock of enamel mugs.主干之外的成分无外乎是状语、定语。其中，offer for sale sth表示出售…例句Four were offered for sale, and two were sold.他拿出其中四个售卖，两个已经出售。🎈「从滇缅路运进来一批搪瓷茶缸」译为a stock of enamel mugs they had laid in through the Yunnan-Burma highway，其中 had laid in (to lay in)是成语，意为「储存」，to lay in a stock of…作「进一批……货」解。又「滇缅路」是公路，故译the Yunnan-Burma highway。我凑足了钱，托朋友进城捎了一只；With the money I had raised, I asked a friend leaving for town to buy an enamel mug for me.🎈「托朋友进城捎了一只」指「朋友正好进城，顺路帮我捎一只」，故译作asked a friend leaving for town to buy an enamel mug for me。leaving for town作friend的后置定语。我的朋友也许过于紧张，一出商店门就将茶缸掉在地上，摔脱了一块瓷。Unfortunately, probably due to nervousness, he dropped it onto the ground the moment he stepped out of the store and had it chipped.🎈「过于紧张」译为nervousness。也可按「过分小心」之意译为over cautiousness。🎈he dropped it onto the ground the moment he…:the moment+从句，表示「一……就……」。类似的用法还有the minute/second/instant+从句。需要注意的是，moment和从句之间不能再插入任何成分。🎈had it chipped是have sth done的结构，chip本身既可作名词，表示「(瓷器上的)缺口，豁口，(家具上的)凹坑，瘪」，也可作动词，表示「削掉，凿落(碎片)，剥落」以后，我带着这只有疤痕的茶缸进了抗日根据地。Afterwards I went to the anti-Japanese base area carrying with me the enamel mug with a chip in it.🎈抗日根据地the anti-Japanese base area🎈carrying with me the enamel mug with a chip in it作伴随状语，with a chip in it是mug的后置定语。🎈「有疤痕的茶缸」译为the enamel mug with a chip in it，也可直译为the enamel mug with a scar或the scarred enamel mug，保持原文的比喻。它的用途倒意外地多起来了——Unexpectedly, over there it turned out to be a multipurpose utensil.🎈over there是增译成分，指明「在抗日根据地」🎈事实证明是…… turn out to be 夏衍《野草》结果，这一切答案完全不对 All the answers turned out to be wide of the mark.🎈前缀multi-可用于构成形容词，表示「多…的」，例如multipurpose多用途的、multicoloured多色的。喝水、盛饭、热菜，给生病的同志煮粥，必要时还可以代行“面盆”、“浴缸”的职责。It was used for carrying drinking water or cooked rice, for heating up food, cooking congee for sick comrades, and, when necessary, as a substitute for a basin or bathtub.🎈饮用水drinking water熟米饭cooked rice🎈（如果必要的话）when necessary是when it’s necessary的省略。从此，茶缸和我有了进一步的“战斗的友情”。Thenceforth, the militant friendship between it and me became even more profound.🎈thenceforth（从那时起;从此）比 thenceforward 普通。巴金《木匠老陈》以后我就没有再看见老陈。Thenceforth I never saw Lao Chen again.🎈「战斗的友情」译作the militant friendship。关于militant这个词，我们见过很多次，而且其均与「革命斗争」有关。方志敏《清贫》在长期的奋斗中…During these long militant years…朱德《母亲的回忆》这使我在三十多年的军事生活和革命生活中…so that later during my over 30 years of military and revolutionary life…1946年来到北平，很想买一只新的茶缸，代替那只为我鞠躬尽瘁的旧茶缸。In 1946, when I came to Peiping, I was eager to buy a new enamel mug to replace the old one which had given me years of devoted service.🎈Peiping was the pre-Liberation name for Beijing.🎈「为我鞠躬尽瘁的旧茶缸」译为the old one which had given me years of devoted service，其中years of是增译成分，原文虽无其词而有其意。可是当时的北平还不易买到这玩意。But a new one was hard to come by in the then Peiping.🎈「可是当时的北平还不易买到这玩意」译为But a new one was hard to come by in the then Peiping，其中to come by是成语，作「得到」「弄到」解，用以表达原文的「买到」有一次，在东单小市上，在一个只有几件售品的地摊上，我发现了一只纯白的瑞典茶缸。Once, while roaming about a small market in Dongdan, I came across a pure white Swedish enamel mug at a roadside stall displaying only a handful of articles for sale.🎈Dongdan, a busy street in the southeastern area of downtown Peiping (now Beijing), was known in pre-Liberation days for a host of roadside secondhand stalls frequented by low-income city dwellers.🎈roaming about：about/around与move、walk、roam等词连用时表示「四处走动」🎈 偶然发现，偶然遇见come across 🎈displaying only a handful of articles for sale作stall的后置定语。🎈少量的 a handful of。类似的表达还有a mouthful of一口。在日常学习中，我们会碰到不少a xx-ful of的表达，注意积累。这正是我所需要的。That was just what I needed.🎈what引导表语从句。可是地摊女主人的索价超过我的购买力。But the price asked by the woman owner of the stall was too high for me.🎈「超过我的购买力」可译作the price was too high for me，也可译作the price was beyond my power。我希望她降低售价，她竟眼泪盈眶，When I bargained, I noticed tears brimming in her eyes.🎈「希望她降低售价」即在讲价，故以bargained一词译出。🎈眼泪盈眶、充盈泪水eyes are brimming with tears这时我才发觉她是一个知识分子模样的青年妇女。And then I also realized that she was sort of an educated young woman.🎈有点，有几分，在一定程度上 sort of她解释说家有病人等钱吃药，所卖的是自己家用的东西。She said what she had for sale was her personal belongings because she was badly in need of money to pay for the medical care of someone at home.🎈出售… have/put/offer… for sale🎈because是增译成分，原文虽无其词而有其意。又，badly in need of…表示「急需…」我马上尽我所有付了价款。Thereupon, I gave her all the money I had with me for the mug.(1) Thereupon也为增译成分。🎈随身携带bring/take/carry sth with sb。她劝说我再买一件什么，She hoped that I would buy one more article from her.🎈article可指「物品、物件」，是很常见的释义。我虽然心情沉重，很想帮她的忙，但也实在没有钱了。But, sympathetic as I was with her, I couldn’t buy anything else because I really had no money left in my pocket.🎈 sympathetic as I was with her：as引导让步状语从句，时，句子要倒装，通常是把从句中的表语、状语或谓语动词放在句首。例句Much as I like English, I’m going to choose civil engineering as my major.虽然我很喜欢英语，但我还是打算选土木工程作为自己的专业。以后，离开了北平，这只茶缸又陪伴我经历了解放战争中的几年，而且，它常常使我清晰地回忆起那位青年妇女的含泪的眼神——在穷困与内战中经受着痛苦的北平人民的眼神。Later, after leaving Peiping, I went through several years of the War of Liberation in company with the mug which often reminded me vividly of the tearful eyes of the young woman — tearful eyes typical of the common people of Peiping in the throes of hunger and civil war.🎈解放战争the War of Liberation：亦称第三次国内革命战争，是1946年6月至1949年9月中国人民解放军在中国共产党的领导下，为推翻国民党统治、解放全中国而进行的战争。是一场事关中国前途命运的决战。🎈经历、经受（尤指苦难或艰难时期）go through 🎈与…一起、与…同时、带着 in company with例句She and the children were making the journey to Casterly Rock, in company with her father.当时她正带着公主王子，陪着她父亲，前往凯岩城。🎈「在穷困与内战中经受痛苦的」译为in the throes of hunger and civil war，其中in the throes of…是成语，作「经受……的痛苦」解。1949年又进入城市。In 1949, I again came to live in Peiping.🎈The year 1949 saw the founding of the People’s Republic of China.🎈此句「城市」指「北平」，译时建议明确指出。我的丈夫以他的全部零用钱买了一只米黄色茶缸赠我，作为胜利的纪念。My husband used all his pocket money to buy me a creamy enamel mug in commemoration of the victory of the War of Liberation.🎈零用钱pocket money🎈以纪念、为了纪念in commemoration of例句Thousands people in Dresden, Germany joined hands to form a human chain in commemoration of World War II firebombing raids on the city 70 years ago.德国德累斯顿上千名市民挽起手组成人墙<来纪念>70年前二战对这一城市进行的空袭。这一只是美国货，当时百货店说：“这种米色搪瓷只有美国货。” It was of US make. “All creamy ones are US products,” declared the salesman.🎈of US make中make是名词，表示「制造, 样式, 牌子, 类型」等。例句a certain make of wristwatch某种品牌的手表可惜，它对于我并不重要了。一来因为年岁增加，已经失去对于某些生活小节的执著，二来和平的城市生活中，茶缸的用途已经回复正常。But the mug isn’t so important to me now because firstly, at my age, I’m no longer so particular about trivial matters in my personal life, and secondly it has resumed its normal uses in peaceful urban life.🎈「(生活)小节」即一些琐碎、不重要的事，现译作trivial matters。可是，至今我碰到各种搪瓷茶缸，仍不免要看它们一眼。Nevertheless, up to now, whenever I come across enamel mugs of any kind, I still cannot help taking a look at them.🎈至今 up to now🎈忍不住、不禁 cannot help doing sth因为像瑞典货一样纯白的也好，“只有美国货”的米黄色的也好，都已经是我们中国的出品；而且品种花色常在增加，价钱也便宜得多了。It’s because both pure white Swede-made and creamy US-made mugs have now given way in the market to Chinese products of ever increasing variety of colours and designs and much lower prices.🎈「都已经是我们中国的出品了」按「都被国货替代了」译为have now given way to Chinese products，其中have given way to（to give way to）是成语，作「让位于……」解。又，in the market是译文中的增译成分。当年东单地摊上那位出卖了自用茶缸的主妇，想必早已添置了我国自制的新的茶缸吧。The woman owner of the roadside stall at Dongdan who sold me her personal mug must have long ago bought a new one of Chinese make for her own use.🎈很早、早就 long ago例句Of course he’s long ago passed away.他当然去世很久了。🔥必背词汇enamel n.搪瓷，珐琅，釉英义Enamel is a substance like glass which can be heated and put onto metal, glass, or pottery in order to decorate or protect it.例句a white enamel saucepan on the oil stove煤油炉上的白色搪瓷炖锅mug cn.马克杯(用来喝热饮的有柄大杯子)英义A mug is a large deep cup with straight sides and a handle, used for hot drinks. 例句He spooned instant coffee into two of the mugs.他用勺子把速溶咖啡舀入两个杯子中。creamy adj.奶油色的，淡黄色的，米色的英义pale yellowish-white in colour.例句creamy skin淡黄色的皮肤chip v. 削掉，凿落(碎片)，剥落英义If you chip something or if it chips, a small piece is broken off it.例句The blow chipped the woman’s tooth.那一击把那个女人的一颗牙打掉了一块。utensil cn.器皿，用具英义Utensils are tools or objects that you use in order to help you to cook or to do other tasks in your home.例句The best carving utensil is a long, sharp, flexible knife.最好的雕刻工具是锋利而柔韧的长刻刀。bathtub cn.浴盆，浴缸英义A bathtub is a long, usually rectangular container which you fill with water and sit in to wash your body.例句He scrubbed the sink and bathtub.他把洗涤槽和浴缸都擦洗了。🔥重点表达百货公司、大百货商店a department store因…欢喜take delight in上中学的时候In my middle school days当时；在过去的日子里；在那些天In those days出售…offer for sale sth进一批……货to lay in a stock of…滇缅（公）路the Yunnan-Burma highway抗日根据地the anti-Japanese base area事实证明是…… turn out to be战斗的友情the militant friendship那只为我鞠躬尽瘁的旧茶缸the old one which had given me years of devoted service得到、弄到to come by偶然发现;偶然遇见come across少量的 a handful of是一个知识分子模样的青年妇女was sort of an educated young woman急需…badly in need of…随身携带bring/take/carry sth with sb。经历、经受（尤指苦难或艰难时期）go through 解放战争the War of Liberation经受……的痛苦in the throes of…经历、经受（尤指苦难或艰难时期）go through零用钱pocket money以纪念、为了纪念in commemoration of各种搪瓷茶缸enamel mugs of any kind🔥复盘测试百货公司、大百货商店因…欢喜上中学的时候当时，在过去的日子里，在那些天出售…进一批……货滇缅（公）路抗日根据地事实证明是…… 战斗的友情那只为我鞠躬尽瘁的旧茶缸得到、弄到偶然发现;偶然遇见少量的是一个知识分子模样的青年妇女急需…随身携带经历、经受（尤指苦难或艰难时期）解放战争经受……的痛苦经历、经受（尤指苦难或艰难时期）零用钱以纪念、为了纪念各种搪瓷茶缸🔥表达对比「替代」有几种表达？必要时还可以（代行）“面盆”、“浴缸”的职责。…… when necessary, as a substitute for a basin or bathtub.很想买一只新的茶缸，（代替）那只为我鞠躬尽瘁的旧茶缸。In 1946, when I came to Peiping, I was eager to buy a new enamel mug to replace the old one which had given me years of devoted service.因为像瑞典货一样纯白的也好，“只有美国货”的米黄色的也好，都（已经是）我们中国的出品；而且品种花色常在增加，价钱也便宜得多了。It’s because both pure white Swede-made and creamy US-made mugs have now given way in the market to Chinese products of ever increasing variety of colours and designs and much lower prices.他的职位被别人（替代）了。His position has been superseded by others.
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