岑参《走马川行奉送封大夫出师西征》 -经典诗词英译-中英双语赏析

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《走马川行奉送封大夫出师西征》是唐代诗人岑参的诗作。此诗抓住有边地特征的景物来状写环境的艰险，从而衬托士卒们大无畏的英雄气概。开头极力渲染环境恶劣、风沙遮天蔽日；接着写匈奴借草黄马壮之机入侵，而封将军不畏天寒地冻、严阵以待；最后写敌军闻风丧胆，预祝唐军凯旋。诗虽叙征战，却以叙寒冷为主，暗示冒雪征战之伟功。语句豪爽，如风发泉涌，真实动人。全诗句句用韵，三句一转，节奏急切有力，激越豪壮，别具一格。

走马川^[1]行奉送封大夫^[2]出师西征^[3]

岑参

君不见走马川，雪海^[4]边，平沙莽莽黄入天^[5]。

轮台^[6]九月风夜吼，一川碎石大如斗，随风满地石乱走。

匈奴草黄马正肥，金山^[7]西见烟尘飞，汉家大将^[8]西出师。

将军金甲夜不脱，半夜军行戈相拨^[9]，风头如刀面如割。

马毛带雪汗气蒸^[10]，五花连钱旋作冰^[11]，幕中草檄^[12]砚水凝。

虏骑^[13]闻之应胆慑，料知短兵不敢接^[14]，车师^[15]西门伫献捷。

注释：

[1] 走马川：又名左末河，即今新疆车尔成河。

[2] 封大夫：封常清。天宝十三年受命为北庭都护、伊西节度、瀚海军使，奏请岑参为节度判官。这年冬，封长清西征播仙部族，岑参写此诗送行。

[3] 西征：一作“西行”。

[4] 雪海：《新唐书·西域传下》：“行度雪海，春夏常雨雪。”泛指西北苦寒之地。

[5] “平沙”句：莽莽，无边无际。黄入天，形容黄沙弥漫，与天相接。

[6] 轮台：在今新疆米泉县境。

[7] 金山：今新疆阿尔泰山。

[8] 汉家大将：指封常清。

[9] 拨：撞击。

[10] 蒸：蒸发。

[11] “五花”句：五花，开元天宝年间，社会上最考究马的装饰，常把马的鬣毛剪成花瓣形，剪三瓣的叫三花马，剪五瓣的叫五花马。连钱，《尔雅·释畜》：“色有深浅，斑驳隐粼，今之连钱骢。”旋，马上。

[12] 草檄（xí）：起草声讨敌人的檄文。

[13] 虏骑：指播仙部族的骑兵。

[14] “料知”句：短兵，指刀、剑类的短武器。接，接战、交战。

[15] 车师：一作“军师”。车师为唐安西都护府所在地，在今新疆吐鲁番县。

Song of the Running Horse River in Farewell to General Feng on His Western Expedition

Cen Shen

Do you not see the Running Horse River flow

Along the sea of snow

And the sand that’s yellowed sky and earth high and low?

In the ninth moon at Wheel Tower winds howl at night;

The river fills with boulders fallen from the height;

With howling winds they run riot as if in flight.

When grass turns yellow and plump Hunnish horses neigh,

West of Mount Gold dusts rise, the foe in proud array.

Our general leads his army on his westward way.

He keeps his iron armor on the whole night long,

Spears dang at midnight when his army march along,

Their faces cut by winds that blow so sharp and strong.

Their sweat and snow turn into steam on horse’s mane,

Which soon on horse’s back turns into ice again;

Ink freezes when challenge’s written before campaign.

On hearing this, the foe with fear should palpitate.

Dare they cross swords with our brave men in iron plate?

We’ll wait for news of victory at the western gate.

This song glorifies General Feng in praise of his heroism against wind and snow.

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