《许渊冲译长生殿》第二本第五出 疑谶 -《长生殿》英译-《长生殿》中英双语赏析

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第五出 疑谶[1]

（外扮郭子仪将巾、佩剑上）

“壮怀磊落有谁知，

一剑防身且自随。

整顿乾坤济时了，

那回方表是男儿。”

自家姓郭名子仪，本贯华州郑县人氏。学成韬略，腹满经纶。要思量做一个顶天立地的男儿，干一桩定国安邦的事业。今以武举出身，到京谒选[2]。正值杨国忠窃弄威权，安禄山滥膺宠眷。把一个朝纲，看看弄得不成模样了。似俺郭子仪，未得一官半职，不知何时，才得替朝廷出力也呵！

【商调】【集贤宾】

论男儿壮怀须自吐，

肯空向杞天[3]呼？

笑他每似堂间处燕[4]，

有谁曾屋上瞻乌[5]！

不提防柙虎樊熊，

任纵横社鼠城狐[6]。

几回家听鸡鸣起身独夜舞[7]。

想古来多少乘除[8]，

显得个勋名垂宇宙，

不争便姓字老樵渔！

且到长安市上，买醉一回。（行科）

【逍遥乐】

向天街徐步，

暂遣牢骚，

聊宽逆旅。

俺则见来往纷如，

闹昏昏似醉汉难扶，

那里有独醒行吟楚大夫[9]！

俺郭子仪呵，

待觅个同心伴侣，

怅钓鱼人去，

射虎人遥，

屠狗人无[10]。

（下）

（丑扮酒保上）

“我家酒铺十分高，

罚誓无赊挂酒标。

只要有钱凭你饮，

无钱滴水也难消。”

小子是这长安市上，新丰馆大酒楼，一个小二哥的便是。俺这酒楼，在东、西两市中间，往来十分热闹。凡是京城内外，王孙公子，官员市户，军民百姓，没一个不到俺楼上来吃三杯。也有吃寡酒的，吃案酒的[11]，买酒去的，包酒来的，打发个不了。道犹未了，又一个吃酒的来也。（外行上）

【上京马】

遥望见绿杨斜靠画楼隅，

滴溜溜一片青帘[12]风外舞，

怎得个燕市酒人[13]来共沽！

（唤科）酒家有么？

（丑迎科）客官，请楼上坐。

（外作上楼科）是好一座酒楼也。

敞轩窗日朗风疏。

见四周遭粉壁上都画着醉仙图。

（丑）客官自饮，还是待客？

（外）独饮三杯，有好酒呵取来。

（丑）有好酒。

（取酒上科）酒在此。

（内叫科）小二哥，这里来。

（丑应忙下）（外饮酒科）

【梧叶儿】

俺非是爱酒的闲陶令[14]，

也不学使酒的莽灌夫[15]，

一谜价痛饮兴豪粗。

撑着这醒眼儿谁偢倸？

问醉乡深可容得吾？

听街市恁喳呼，

偏冷落高阳酒徒[16]。

（作起看科）

（老旦扮内监，副净、末、净扮官，各吉服，杂捧金币、牵羊担酒随行上，绕场下）

（丑捧酒上）客官，热酒在此。

（外）酒保，我问你咱[17]，这楼前那些官员，是往何处去来？

（丑）客官，你一面吃酒，我一面告诉你波。只为国舅杨丞相，并韩国、虢国、秦国三位夫人，万岁爷各赐造新第。在这宣阳里中，四家府门相连[18]，俱照大内一般造法。这一家造来，要胜似那一家的；那一家造来，又要赛过这一家的。若见那家造得华丽，这家便拆毁了，重新再造。定要与那家一样，方才住手。一座厅堂，足费上千万贯钱钞。今日完工，因此合朝大小官员，都备了羊酒礼物，前往各家称贺，打从这里过去。

（外惊科）哦，有这等事！

（丑）待我再去看热酒来波。

（下）

（外叹科）呀，外戚宠盛，到这个地位[19]，如何是了也！

【醋葫芦】

怪私家恁僭窃[20]。

竞豪奢夸土木。

一班儿公卿甘作折腰[21]趋，

争向权门如市附[22]。

再没有一个人呵，

把舆情[23]向九重分诉。

可知他朱甍碧瓦总是血膏涂！

（起科）心中一时忿懑，不觉酒涌上来，且向四壁闲看一回。

（作看科）这壁厢细字数行，有人题的诗句。我试觑波。

（作看念科）

“燕市人皆去，

函关马不归。

若逢山下鬼，

环上系罗衣。”

呀，这诗是好奇怪也！

【幺篇】[24]

我这里停睛一直看，

从头儿逐句读。

细端详诗意少祯符[25]。

且看是什么人题的？

（又看念科）李遐周[26]题。

（作想科）李遐周，这名字好生识熟！哦，是了，我闻得有个术士李遐周，能知过去未来，必定就是他了。

多则是就里难言藏谶语[27]。

猜诗谜杜家何处[28]？

早难道[29]醉来墙上信笔乱鸦涂！

（内作喧闹科）

（外唤科）酒保那里？

（丑上）客官，做甚么？

（外）楼下为何又这般喧闹？

（丑）客官，你靠着这窗儿，往下看去就是。

（外看科）

（净王服、骑马，头踏[30]职事前导引上，绕场行下科）

（外）那是何人？

（丑笑指科）客官，你不见他那个大肚皮么？这人姓安名禄山。万岁爷十分宠爱他，把御座的金鸡步障，都赐与他坐过，今日又封他做东平郡王。方才谢恩出朝，赐归东华门外新第，打从这里经过。

（外惊怒科）呀，这、这就是安禄山么？有何功劳，遽封王爵？

唉，我看这厮面有反相，乱天下者，必此人也！

【金菊香】

见了这野心杂种[31]牧羊的奴，

料蜂目豺声定是狡徒。

怎把个野狼引来屋里居？

怕不将题壁诗符？

更和那私门贵戚一例逞妖狐。

（丑）客官，为甚事这般着恼来？

（外）【柳叶儿】

哎，不由人冷飕飕冲冠发竖，

热烘烘气夯胸脯[32]，

咭当当把腰间宝剑频频觑。

（丑）客官，请息怒，再与我消一壶波。

（外）呀，便教俺倾千盏，饮尽了百壶，

怎把这重沉沉一个愁担儿消除！

（作起身科）不吃酒了，收了这酒钱去者。

（丑作收科）别人来“三杯和万事”，

这客官“一气惹千愁”。（下）

（外作下楼、转行科）我且回到寓中去波。

【浪来里】

见着那一桩桩伤心的时事[33]。

凑着那一句句感时的诗谶伏，

怕天心人意两难摸，

好教俺费沉吟、趷[34]地将眉对蹙。

看满地斜阳欲暮，到萧条客馆兀自意踌躇。

（作到寓进坐科）（副净扮家将上）

（见科）禀爷，朝报到来。

（外看科）“兵部一本：为除授官员事。奉圣旨，郭子仪授为天德军使。钦此。”原来旨意已下，索早收拾行李，即日上任去者。（副净应科）（外）俺郭子仪虽则官卑职小，便可从此报効朝廷也呵！

【高过随调煞】

赤紧似尺水中展鬣鳞，

枳棘中拂毛羽[35]。

且喜奋云霄有分上天衢，

直待的把乾坤重整顿，

将百千秋第一等勋业图。

纵有妖氛孽蛊[36]，

少不得肩担日月[37]，

手把大唐扶。

马蹄空踏几年尘，胡宿

长是豪家据要津[38]。司空图

卑散[39]自应霄汉隔，王建

不知忧国是何人？吕温

注释：

[1] 本出提到的史事：一、天宝九载，安禄山封为东平郡王，唐代以将帅而封王的，他是第一个人；二、天宝十二载，郭子仪任天德军使。

[2] 谒选：等侯任用。

[3] 杞天：自己不是杞人忧天，无所作为。

[4] 堂间处燕：喻不知所处的危险。

[5] 屋上瞻乌：为国家的前途担忧。

[6] 不提防柙虎樊熊，任纵横社鼠城狐：柙虎、樊熊，喻野心家安禄山，虽然一时驯服，有机会就要作乱；社鼠、城狐，倚势横行的奸臣，喻杨国忠等。

[7] 几回家听鸡鸣起身独夜舞：闻鸡起舞，东晋祖逖的故事，用来表示有救国的大志。

[8] 乘除：消长、成败、兴衰。

[9] 闹昏昏似醉汉难扶，那里有独醒行吟楚大夫：醉汉，指对时局没有认识的人；独醒行吟楚大夫，指屈原，只有他知道国家的危机，郭子仪自喻。

[10] 怅钓鱼人去，射虎人遥，屠狗人无：钓鱼人：吕尚，西周的开国功臣；射虎人：李广，西汉名将；屠狗人：樊哙，汉初功臣。都是古代有作为的人物。郭子仪引他们为“同心伴侣”。

[11] 也有吃寡酒的，吃案酒的：吃寡酒，光喝酒不买菜；案酒，下酒的小菜。

[12] 青帘：酒旗。

[13] 燕市酒人：指战国时的侠士荆轲。燕市，当时燕国的首都。

[14] 闲陶令：悠闲自在的陶潜，他曾任彭泽令。

[15] 莽灌夫：鲁莽的灌夫，他是西汉人，性刚直，曾在酒后骂丞相田蚡，因而被害。

[16] 高阳酒徒：郦食其，刘邦的谋士，高阳人。这里指自己。

[17] 我问你咱：这里“咱”和下文“我一面告诉你波”的“波”，都是语词，相当于“啊”或“吧”。

[18] 除了已经提到的杨国忠、三国夫人外，还有贵妃的宗兄铦、锜共六家。

[19] 地位：地步。

[20] 怪私家恁僭窃：僭窃，滥冒名位，作非分的享受。私家，指臣子。

[21] 折腰：卑躬屈节，此指奉迎权势。

[22] 市附：赶集。

[23] 舆情：公众意见。

[24] 北曲和前一个曲调相同的，叫幺篇。

[25] 细端详诗意少祯符：端详，端相，细看。少祯符，不吉利。

[26] 李遐周：相传是唐玄宗时的术士，预言家。

[27] 多则是就里难言藏谶语：多半是（多则是）不好说出底细（就里），只好把意思包含在谶语里面。

[28] 猜诗谜杜家何处：懂得这几句诗的意思的人在哪儿呢?

[29] 早难道：即难道。早，用来加强语气。

[30] 头踏：古代官员出行时排在前面的仪仗队。

[31] 杂种：安禄山的父亲是胡人，母亲是突厥人，所以叫杂种。

[32] 气夯（hānɡ）胸脯：气胀满了胸脯。

[33] （wǔ）：不顺遂，不满意。

[34] 趷：即疙瘩，形容眉头紧皱。

[35] 赤紧似尺水中展鬣鳞，枳棘中拂毛羽：正如鱼游浅水、鸟入荆棘丛中，两个譬喻用来说明自己处境之难。鬣，鱼的头部附近的鳍。

[36] 妖氛孽蛊：指安禄山。孽蛊（ɡǔ），祸害。

[37] 肩担日月：一身担当国家大事。

[38] 要津：政府中的重要职位。

[39] 卑散：卑官散职，不重要的低级闲散官员。

Scene5 Prediction

(Enter Guo Ziyi wearing a military uniform and sword.)

Guo: Who can appreciate my ideal high?

Wearing a sword in self-defence, I

Wait for the time to set the world aright;

Then I shall show myself a hero bright.

I am Guo Ziyi, a native of Zheng County. I have mastered military arts and strategies in the hope to become a worthy man and help to bring peace to the empire. Now, having passed the military examinations, I come to the capital to wait for my appointment. I find Prime Minister Yang abusing his power and An Lushan favored by the emperor. The government is going wrong, while a man of my capacity still lacks an official post.

Who knows when I may have the chance to serve my country?

(Singing to the tune of “Good Friends Get Together”)

A hero should carve out his way.

Should I rail at my fate each day?

I laugh at thoughtless swallows in their nest,

Not knowing crows which swarm from east and west.

Can we not guard against caged tiger and bear

But sufer rats and foxes running here and there?

How many times have I risen at cockcrow

To dance alone in woe!

How many ups and downs since olden days!

I mean to win renown to shine always.

I will live if I can,

Not as a woodcutter or fisherman.

I will walk to the market and drink my fill.

(Walking, he sings to the tune of “Joy to be Free”.)

In royal street slowly I go

To unburden a while my woe

And to divert a stranger’s mind.

I see the jostling crowd before and behind

Like drunkards who on foot can’t stand.

Where is the poet sober in a drunkards’ land?

I long to find a companion,

But the fishing marshall’s dead and gone;

The tiger-shooting general I adore

And the courageous warriors are no more. (Exit.)

(Enter a waiter of the tavern.)

Waiter: I swear our tavern is so fine

That in no time we sell out all our wine.

If you have money, you may drink your fill;

If not, you can’t get water as you will.

I am a waiter of Xinfeng Restaurant in the capital. Our restaurant stands between the east and the west market where pass many people. Inhabitants of the capital and travelers beyond, lords and common people, officials and soldiers, all come to our tavern to drink three cups of wine. Some drink only, others have a meal; some take wine home; others feast here. We are kept hard at it. See, here comes another customer.

(Guo Ziyi enters.)

Guo sings to the tune of “Riding to the Capital”:

From far I see

A colorful pavilion in the shade

Of a green willow tree,

With a blue sign of trade

Flying in the light breeze.

I’d find a hero to drink with me as we please.

(Calling out) Where is the waiter?

Waiter (Greeting him): Come upstairs, sir.

Guo (Going upstairs): This is a fine tavern.

The breeze through open windows blows in the sunshine;The walls are painted with fairies drinking wine.

Waiter: Are you drinking alone, sir, or waiting for friends?

Guo: I will have a few cups by myself. Bring the best you have.

Waiter: We have the best wine here, sir.

(Bringing the wine) Here you are, sir.

(Someone calls from offstage: “Where is the waiter?” The waiter goes out.)

Guo begins to drink and sings to the tune of “Plane Leaves”:

I am no poet drinking wine at leisure,

Nor soldier seeking in hard drinking for pleasure.

While drinking, with wide-open eyes I see

If in this drunkards’ land there’s place for me.

I hear much noise and bustle in the fair,

But of the sober drinker no one will take care.

(He gets up to look out of the window. Richly-dressed eunuchs and officials pass with attendants carrying gold, silk, sheep and wine. The waiter brings in more wine.)

Waiter: Here is some freshly heated wine for you, sir.

Guo: Tell me, waiter, where are those officials going?

Waiter: I’ll tell you as you drink. The emperor has ordered new mansions to be built for the prime minister and the three duchesses. The four mansions will be next door to each other,each like a palace. Every family wants to outdo every other. When one sees the neighbor’s house better, one would pull down and rebuild his or her house until it is as splendid. This way, one single hall may cost millions. Today the new buildings are finished, so all the government officials are coming with presents of sheep and

wine to offer congratulations. They all pass this way.

Guo (Shocked): Is this possible?

Waiter: Excuse me, sir. I’ll go to warm up some more wine. (Exit.)

Guo (Sighing): Ah! Imperial favor extends as far as to the relatives of the emperor’s favorite lady. What will be the end of all this?(Singing to the tune of “The Gourd of Vinegar”)

The kinsfolk usurp imperial right;

They vie in luxury at building site.

All courtiers bent their waist

To men in power in all haste

As country folk flock to a fair.

To tell the emperor no one would dare.

Look at the brilliant roofs and tiles overhead!

With people’s blood they are stained red.(Rising from his seat)

Anger has made wine go up to my head. Let me look around.

(Looking at the wall)

Here is a quatrain written in small characters. Let me read it:

“The hero left the northern town;

The wise on horse would not come down.

The ghost beneath the mountain brings

A silken dress adorned with rings.”

What a strange poem!

(Singing to the tune of “The Gourd of Vinegar”)

I read it line by line

And try hard to divine

What’s hidden in the verse,

And find things going worse.

Let me see who the author is. (Reading) Li Xiazhou.

(Thinking) The name sounds familiar. Ah! Yes, I’ve heard there is a fortune-teller named Li Xiazhou, who is good at foretelling the future. This must be the man.

Perhaps the future’s in veiled terms foretold,

But where’s the riddle-guesser old?

Or can this verse be a poetic line

Written by some drinker of wine?

(A noise is heard offstage.) Waiter!

Waiter (Entering): Yes, sir?

Guo: What’s the noise for?

Waiter: Well, sir, just take a look out of the window!

(Guo Ziyi looks out and sees An Lushan riding past, wearing a prince’s costume and preceded by attendants.)

Guo: Who is that man?

Waiter (Laughing as he points at An): Don’t you see that big belly,sir? That is An Lushan, a great favorite with the emperor. His Majesty has allowed him to recline on a coach under the golden cock canopy. Today he was made Prince of Eastern Peace, and he is on his way back from the court to his new palace outside the Gate of Eastern Flower.

Guo (Looking shocked and angry): So that is An Lushan! What has he done to be so quickly made a prince? He has the face of a rebel; he will certainly bring ruin to the empire.

(Singing to the tune of “Fragrance of Golden Chrysan-themum”)

Here I see the ambitious bastard in high glee,

With bulging eyes like a bee,

And with a jackel’s voice.

How could this cunning rogue rejoice?

What brings this wolf to royal hall?

The verse will come true, written on the wall,

When these imperial kinsmen lord it over all.

Waiter: Why do you look so angry, sir?

Guo sings to the tune of “Willow Leaves”:

Ah! In cold, cold breeze my hair stands on end;

In warm, warm breast my blood and anger blend.

My eyes turn again and again

To my ringing sword in vain.

Waiter: Don’t look so angry, sir. Let me get you another pot of wine.

Guo: A thousand cups, a hundred pots of wine

Could never wash away this heavy gloom of mine.

(Standing up) I’ve drunk enough. Here is your money.

Waiter: After three cups in peace a drinker goes,

But this official has a thousand woes. (Exit.)

Guo (Walking down the stairs and along the road): I’ll go back to my room.

(Singing to the tune of “Rising Waves”)

These shocking sights and that mysterious line

Show the unfathomable will, human or divine.

I pace along with eyebrows knit and full of gloom,

And at sunset I reach my lonely room.

(He enters his room and sits down. An attendant comes in.)

Attendant: Master, the bulletin has come.

Guo (Reading the bulletin):“The Ministry of War announces that by imperial decree Guo Ziyi is appointed military commissioner for Tiande.” So the decree has come. I had better pack my things and go at once to my post. Though it is not an important post,at least I shall now be able to serve the state.

(Singing to the high tune of “Epilogue”)

In shallow water still can dart a fish;

In brambles birds can preen their wings as they wish.

At last I have a chance to scale the sky,

To set the world in order far and nigh.

Though dark forces prevail in this land,

I’ll prop on my shoulder sun and moon.

I will support with my own hand

The throne which will tatter soon.

Epilogue of the Scene

My horse has trodden dust for years in vain.

The rich in power still remain;

The poor still sufer a hard fate.

Who will worry about the state?

(Exeunt.)

未经允许不得转载：帕布莉卡 » 《许渊冲译长生殿》第二本第五出 疑谶 -《长生殿》英译-《长生殿》中英双语赏析