关汉卿《一枝花》 -英译元曲-中英双语赏析-经典翻译

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一枝花

关汉卿

（一）不伏老

攀出墙朵朵花，

折临路枝枝柳。

花攀红蕊嫩，

柳折翠条柔[1]。

浪子风流。

凭着我攀花折柳手，

直熬得[2]花残柳败休。

半生来折柳攀花，

一世里眠花卧柳。

注释：

[1]攀出墙朵朵花，折临路枝枝柳。花攀红蕊嫩，柳折翠条柔：都是攀花折柳的意思，指在风月场中的风流生活。出墙花，指妓女。语出叶绍翁《游园不值》：“春色满园关不住，一支红杏出墙来。”原无此意，但被后人借用。临路柳，也是指妓女。语出敦煌曲子词《望江南》：“我是曲江临池柳，这人折了那人攀；恩爱一时间。”

[2]直熬得：一直弄到。

Tune: A Sprig of Flowers

Guan Hanqing

（I）Don’t Say I’m Old

I pluck flower on flower over the wall,

And break off branch on branch of willow tree.

The red pistil of the flower is tender;

The green twigs of the willow are slender.

A gallant like me

Will gather flowers and break off branches till I see

Withered leaves and flowers fall.

I have been picking them half my life;

I’ll love and sleep with them as with a wife.

（二）梁州

我是个普天下郎君[1]领袖，

盖世界浪子班头[2]。

愿朱颜[3]不改常依旧，

花中消遣，

酒内忘忧；

分茶攧竹[4]，

打马藏阄[5]。

通五音六律滑熟[6]，

甚闲愁到我心头？

伴的是银筝女[7]银台前理银筝笑倚银屏[8]；

伴的是玉天仙[9]携玉手并玉肩同登玉楼；

伴的是金钗客歌金缕[10]捧金樽满泛金瓯。

你道我老也暂休。

占排场[11]风月功名首，

更玲珑又剔透[12]。

我是个锦阵花营都帅头[13]，

曾玩府游州[14]。

注释：

[1]郎君：本指贵家子弟，有时也作妇女对丈夫或情人的称呼。元曲中一般指嫖客。

[2]班头：领袖。

[3]朱颜：青春容颜。

[4]攧竹：一种赌博性的游戏。

[5]藏阄：古时的一种游戏。

[6]滑熟：熟练。

[7]银筝女：弹奏银筝的歌女。筝：古代的一种弦乐器。银筝：装有银饰的筝。

[8]银屏：银质的屏风。

[9]玉天仙：美貌的女子，这里指妓女。

[10]金缕：古曲调《金缕衣》的简称，这里指代歌曲。

[11]排场：娱乐场所。

[12]玲珑又剔透：灵活惯熟。

[13]都帅头：首领。

[14]玩府游州：在各州府闯荡游玩。

（II）Tune: The Frontier

I am the leading gallant under the sky,

And the most dissolute lover on earth.

I wish no face should lose its rosy dye.

I’d lead among flowers a life of mirth,

And drown my sorrow in wine;

I’d drink tea, and bet with bamboos,

Gamble on horse-race and in lottery.

There is no music but I can play a part.

How could sorrow come into my heart?

Who is in my company

But the lutist leaning on silver screen

And playing on silver lute in silver bower;

Hand in hand and side by side, the fairy queen

Going up with me to the jade tower;

The songstress adorned with golden hairpin,

Golden cup in hand, singing of golden dress and flower.

You say I’m old and should retire,

But in gallantry I’m going up higher and higher.

Growing more clever for ever and ever,

I’m winner in the camp of flowers,

Loafing from place to place, in golden bowers.

（三）隔尾

子弟每是个茅草岗

沙土窝初生的兔羔儿

乍向围场[1]上走。

我是个经笼罩受索网

苍翎毛老野鸡

蹅踏[2]的阵马儿[3]熟。

经了些窝弓冷箭蜡枪头[4]，

不曾落人后。

恰不道[5]“人到中年万事休”，

我怎肯虚度了春秋？

注释：

[1]围场：围猎之地，借指风月场。

[2]蹅踏：大步行走。

[3]阵马儿：战阵之马。

[4]窝弓冷箭蜡枪头：指风月场对客人的暗算。窝弓：装了机关，埋藏于山野的捕兽弓箭。冷箭：料不到的背后放箭。蜡枪头：蜡做的枪头，指好看而无实用的样子货。

[5]恰不道：岂不闻。道，听闻。

（III）Tune: The Interlude

The young gallants are new-born bucks in chase of bunny,

Coming out of the burrows in the mound,

And running for the first time on hunting ground.

I’m an old pheasant with feather grey,

Having escaped from traps and nets on the way,

And running like a steed

At fullest speed.

Nearly hit by spearheads and arrows from hidden bows,

Now I’ve reached middle age and known so many things,

How could I waste more autumns and springs?

（四）尾

我是个蒸不烂煮不熟

捶不匾[1]炒不爆

响珰珰一粒铜豌豆[2]。

恁子弟每谁教你钻入他

锄不断砍不下

解不开顿不脱

慢腾腾千层锦套头[3]？

我玩的是梁园月[4]，

饮的是东京[5]酒，

赏的是洛阳花[6]，

攀的是章台柳[7]。

我也会吟诗，

会篆籀，

会弹丝。

会品竹，

我也会唱鹧鸪，

舞垂手，

会打围[8]，

会蹴鞠[9]，

会围棋，

会双陆。

你便是落了我牙，

歪了我口，

瘸了我腿，

折了我手，

天赐与我

这几般儿歹症候[10]，

尚兀自[11]不肯休。

则除是[12]阎王亲自唤，

神鬼自来勾[13]，

三魂归地府，

七魄丧冥幽[14]，

天哪，那其间[15]

才不向烟花路上走。

注释：

[1]匾：同“扁”。

[2]铜豌豆：此处含有隐喻性格坚强的意思。

[3]锦套头：本义是套网，这里指妓女笼络客人的手段。

[4]梁园月：指代勾栏中的美色。

[5]东京：宋元时东京为汴州，即今开封。

[6]洛阳花：牡丹。这里借指名花。

[7]章台柳：美貌的妓女。章台，汉时长安章台下街名，旧时用为风月场所的代称。

[8]打围：古代打猎的合围，后泛指打猎。

[9]蹴鞠：古人踢球的一种游戏。

[10]歹症候：坏毛病。

[11]兀自：犹，还。

[12]则除是：只除是，除非是。则：只。

[13]勾：引。

[14]冥幽：地狱。

[15]那其间：那个时候。

（VI）Tune: Epilogue

I’m a resounding copper pea

Which could not be

Hammered out, cooked, fried or stewed.

How can you young gallants penetrate into me

Like a manifold harness which cannot be

Hoed up or cut down,

Slowly rid of or quickly hewed?

I have enjoyed in royal garden the moonshine,

In the east capital good wine,

And peony flowers in the west,

And plucked a twig from my lover’s breast.

I’m good at poetry

And at calligraphy;

I can play on the string

And draw a picture of bamboo,

I can also sing

The songs of partridge too.

With hands hanging down I can dance,

In hunting I can advance,

I know how to play football and chess,

And I gamble by chance.

You may knock my teeth down

Or my mouth wry,

Even if you break

My leg and hand,

Though disabled am I,

Still firm I’ll stand,

Unless

The Satanic Majesty

Or the demons come to summon me.

Even one-third of my soul goes to the hell

And two-thirds sink into the infernal well,

O Heaven, only then

Will I not go on the dark willowy lane.

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